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EN
Although e-government as a research topic is rather embedded in public-administration literature, and coordination of and through e-government is visible in European countries, coordination of and through e-government has not been paid much attention. Consequently this paper deals with this topic. Its text outlines emerging coordination practices that can be observed in European countries, and it also indicates issues using the Czech e-government development and some key national initiatives as examples. Th e presented text concludes that although elements of strategic planning may become embedded and institutional and regulatory mechanisms stabilized in the country, other issues such as a weak accountability culture may exist and hinder coordination practices.
EN
Monetary and fiscal coordination is extensively discussed in economic publications. The debate involves both mainstream and institutional economics as well as political sciences. The article contributes to this debate. It reviews theoretical positions adopted in mainstream economics and examines various aspects of the macroeconomic policy mix. The author selectively presents policy mix experiences in select regions of the world, specifically the European Monetary Union, the United States and Great Britain. The article confronts some theoretical studies with practice and points to the weaknesses of empirical testing based on econometric methods. The author applies a historic/comparative method characteristic of qualitative research. The results of the analysis show that, unlike in Great Britain, monetary and fiscal coordination is missing in the euro zone and the United States. This is largely due to the equal status of the government and the central bank. Reviewing the methodological aspect of the problem, the author concludes that the empirical testing of models for the coordination of government and central-bank decisions should be supported with a comparative historical analysis.
EN
The paper examines issues related to the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies. The author discusses the implications of delayed monetary and fiscal decisions and the difficulties involved in setting economic policy goals. He also describes the “one-armed policymaker” syndrome and the “zero bound problem.” The discussion indicates that proper coordination makes it possible to limit delays in economic policy. It also offsets the shortage of instruments at the disposal of policy makers and helps prevent deflation pressure, while increasing the efficiency of economic policy under “the zero bound problem.” All this increases the probability that monetary and fiscal policy makers will successfully attain their goals. The author concludes that the relationships between monetary and fiscal policies are much deeper and more complex than they seem to be, going beyond their traditional perception in terms of inflation and budget deficit financing. Moreover, considering the limitations of fiscal policy that reduce its flexibility, coordination efforts should primarily support the position of the central bank as a prime decision maker with considerable room for maneuver. Fiscal authorities should essentially limit themselves to supporting central bank activities and pursuing well-designed policies.
EN
The aim of the paper is to present arguments for implementing fiscal policy constraints in monetary union member countries and to compare experience in this area in two non-European monetary unions in Africa and the EMU. The author offers a brief review of arguments-for and against fiscal convergence in a monetary union-presented in the literature on the subject. This empirical and theoretical review leads to the conclusion that, under some circumstances, there is a great need for fiscal policy coordination in monetary union member countries. The key question is how fiscal convergence should be designed and how multilateral surveillance should be enforced. To answer this question, the CFA Franc Zone experience with fiscal convergence criteria was compared with that of the EMU. The author notes that some fiscal convergence criteria are unique and specific for these groups of countries but some other criteria are common, regardless of the features of individual economies. Therefore fiscal coordination should be union-specific to avoid any disadvantages highlighted in theoretical analyses and resulting from decreased fiscal policy flexibility.
EN
Cooperating with universities is complementary to other innovation activities such as performing own R&D, sourcing public information and cooperating with other partners. Poland will have to focus more strongly on developing capaci-ties in innovation and business sophistication. Stronger clusters, more R&D orientation of companies, and intensified collaboration between universities and the private sector. The article presents research other and own study.
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Coordinate compounding in English and Spanish

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EN
Coordinate compounding is a process which has been only sporadically considered in word-formation studies on Germanic and Romance languages. In this paper, we compare the situation in English with that in Spanish as far as formal structure and semantics are concerned. To this end, an operational definition of coordinate compounding is first provided, after which a semantic classification of coordinate compounds is developed. For each type, variants are discussed, representative examples are provided, and similarities and dissimilarities between the two languages are highlighted. We finish by raising the issues of recursiveness and productivity in coordinate compounding and we examine the possibilities of expansion and profitability of the different patterns. Our analysis reveals marked similarities between English and Spanish coordinate compounding at various levels, hinting at the possible existence of a cross-linguistic set of common core features in the class of coordinate compounds in both Germanic and Romance.
EN
Embodied mind theories underline the role of the body in the act of knowing. According to the enactive approach, we learn to perceive and to know through our bodily interactions with the world (Varela, Thompson & Rosch, 1991). However, such an approach remains incomplete as long as sociality is not taken into account (Froese & Di Paolo, 2009). Recently, an inter-enactive approach has accordingly been proposed. Social interactions are seen as processes of coordinated sense-making that emerge from the dynamics of the inter-action process itself (De Jaegher & Di Paolo, 2007). As learning mainly takes place in intersubjective contexts (e.g. as an effect of teaching), this approach is relevant to the issue of pedagogy. Teaching settings are a special case though: cognitive interactions are reciprocal but asymmetrically guided by the teacher. In this paper, the question of the relations between body and education is thus addressed from the point of view of the inter-enactive approach. To this end, we first sketch out the phenomenological and theoretical contours of embodied intersubjectivity and intersubjective embodiment. Then, we present an interactive pedagogical method for musical learning (free spontaneous four-hand improvisations in the context of the Kaddouch pedagogy) and discuss it using illustrative case studies. The teacher’s role appears to operate directly within the dynamics of the interaction process, a source of knowing and skill enaction for the learner
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EN
This paper discusses the Arabic coordination particle wa and its use and function on the basis of the Gricean cooperative principle. It aims to provide an outline of the maxims utilized by Arabic speakers in their interpretation of this conjunction. It demonstrates that interpretation brings out a conflict between the Gricean conversational maxims. The context of communication is investigated for a resolution of the conflict. It is argued that context and the functional understanding of language are more decisive in the interpretation of language utterances than either the conventional meaning of a linguistic element or the principle of communicative cooperation.
EN
Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about a new, difficult situation. The world, the international organisations-cum-regional integration arrangements, as well as, above all, individual states all had to cope with the difficult global situation. As for the European Union, neither the Union nor the Member States were prepared for such a challenge, which is why the responses were ad hoc and uncoordinated. The aim of this study is to identify the actors involved, the measures they employed, and the extent to which their reactions converged. Another objective is to answer the question about whether their actions fit into the concept of multi-level coordination-cum-multi-level governance. Research Design & Methods: The methods used in this article are descriptive and interpretative as well as comparative. The descriptive method is applied in all these instances where actions taken by individual actors are discussed, while the interpretative method is employed when the reasons for taking particular measures are explained. In turn, the comparative approach is applied whenever measures taken by individual actors are juxtaposed. This analytical study also provides an overview of official documents along with the relevant literature. Findings: In the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic – when imminent and consistent response is essential, and when there are many decision-making centres – it is measures taken at different levels and by various actors (but jointly coordinated) that can only bring the desirable results. The measures taken in the struggle against the pandemic and its consequences also prove that the EU’s competences, albeit limited, do matter. Implications / Recommendations: When the primary competence in the field of public health lies with the Member States and the EU can only support and complement state actions, then a permanent, institutionalised cooperation, one based on a multilateral agreement, is worth considering. Contribution / Value Added: In the case of international and regional organisations, and those with a global reach, a major drawback is the lack of appropriate competences and instruments. In the EU, the lack of a systemic security mechanism anchored in the EU’s law makes it act with delay. On the one hand, this study points to the shortcomings in legal solutions, but on the other, it demonstrates the importance of joint and coordinated actions. It also shows that competences of non-state actors do matter, too.
EN
The article argues that the EU’s diplomatic activity in the G20 is not so much determined by its powers in the founding treaties, but rather by external factors that influence the specific behaviour of the Union with regard to negotiating individual points of the Group’s agenda. As far as the EU’s economic and financial issues are concerned, the European Union, balancing between member-states that do not have a single representation in the G20 and the EU4 (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy), chooses an interaction mode that can be defined as (hard) bargaining. In other, less sensitive issues such as climate change, development policy, gender or employment, the EU prefers arguing. The article presents these two narratives of the EU’s participation in the G20 as a diplomatic actor. Their choice affects the level of coordination of the diplomatic activity of the European Union, relations between its member states and activities of institutions representing the EU in the G20.
EN
The article presents conclusions (theses) from research in the area of crisis management systems. The first part presents the issues of system definition, crisis management, and the crisis management system. In the following part, the concept of a control and command system in crisis management is defined as a project for further discussion among scientists dealing with crisis management. The principles of coordination, synchronization and cooperation in crisis management are also discussed. The aim of the research was to define the elements (subsystems) of the control and command system in crisis management. The following question was posed as the main research problem: ‘What elements (subsystems) should form a control and command system in crisis management to ensure its efficient functioning?’ The article presents the results of the research.
EN
In the Russian Federation, interregional cooperation is limited, which negatively affects regional development and contributes to growing regional disparities. The goal of this research is to gain better understanding for slow and inconsistent development of interregional relations in Russia. The main hypothesis is that the lack of proper coordination and communication between the federal and regional levels of government, between regions themselves, as well as between regional authorities and other stakeholders in regions’ development is one of the key problems that hampers development of interregional cooperation in contemporary Russia. Retrospective, statistical, and content analysis were used to test this hypothesis. The analysis of the federal policy toward regional development since 1990 has shown gradual increase in centralisation of authority. The regional policy stimulated interregional competition and dependence on federal investments and subsidies. Nevertheless, the study of strategic plans of Siberian regions shows that with proper coordination and communication between interested parties some of the problems inhibiting interregional cooperation can be resolved. Better coordination, in turn, requires improvement of the institutional infrastructure. The findings are relevant for policy makers and scholars in the field of regional development. Further research is needed concerning the most efficient forms of coordination institutions.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the essence of policy mix and the extraordinary actions undertaken by the monetary and fiscal authorities in Poland in response to the recent financial crisis. In the article, the hypothesis has been put forward that the challenges faced by monetary and fiscal authorities have contributed to carrying out coordinated actions, especially in support of economic growth during the recent financial crisis. As a result, in Poland during the last financial crisis, it seemed to observe greater cooperation between monetary and fiscal authorities.
EN
This article presents a qualitative analysis of the optional work placements — envisaged here as a learning activity — that form part of the Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Translation offered by the Department of Translation, Interpreting and East Asian Studies at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. The authors divide the placements into five profiles, according to the type of organi­sation hosting the students on the programme: sworn translation providers, law firms, translation agencies, non-governmental organisations such as associations and institutions and, finally, univer­sity research groups. The analysis is followed by an examination of the conflicts arising in each profile and proposals for dealing with these. In their conclusions, the authors state that the heteroge­neous nature of the work placements in specialised legal translation should be seen as an argument supporting the same heterogeneous nature of work content in non-specialised, general translation.
EN
The article describes the second phase of the work of the centre “SKIF”, which is aimed at stimulation of the leading physical qualities of pupils with sensory impairments. The attention is focused on defining their development factors as well as methods and means that solve remedial and sports challenges. The following research methods were used: theoretical – analysis of special pedagogical literature on the identified problem; practical – leading preparatory-training-remedial stage of work with children at the centre “SKIF”, empirical – calculations and comparative characteristics of the results. Throughout this stage in order to improve technology, enhance training effects and facilitate the integration of children with sensory impairments, experts in the field of physical culture practice repeated exercise. Their selection, the regulation of the duration and intensity determine the nature and degree of impact on the body of pupils, and develop their abilities. It is concluded that correctional-developing component of the pedagogical activities of the centre “SKIF” is closely connected with teaching children with sensory motor impairments and impairments in the development of motor skills. Therefore, at the second – preparatory-training-correction stage a complex of sports and remedial and rehabilitation activities is carried out, during which considerable attention is paid to the formation of high physical or athletic skills and achievement or to improving performance in the indoor football due to competitive activity. This puts high demands on the physical and psychological fitness of a footballer with a disability, so children playing indoor football and doing other kinds of sports activities in the centre “SKIF”, work on individual correction-rehabilitation programs. Each section shows the close connections of education, upbringing, correction of the broken functions and rehabilitation after physical loads. All measures in the frames of the programs provide comprehensive physical, mental and moral development of pupils. Prospects for further research in this direction are seen in the improvement of correction-rehabilitation and health-protection stages of the activities of the centre “SKIF”
EN
This article argues that a double-verb construction built around the verb wziąć and the element i – the so-called J(uncture)-WZIĄĆ gram – is a less canonical Serial Verb Construction (SVC). The gram complies with all the traits postulated as inherent to the prototype of SVCs with one noticeable exception – it exhibits an element that is homophonous with the conjunctive coordinator i ‘and’. However, i in the J-WZIĄĆ gram is not a true coordinator, nor is the J-WZIĄĆ gram a genuine coordinated structure. Rather, i functions as a dummy juncture, and the J-WZIĄĆ gram constitutes an example of pseudo-coordination – a stage on the grammaticalization path from coordination to verbal serialization.
EN
Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes which shape the natural, social, economic and cultural environments. Therefore, it appears evident that this concept gained recognition within numerous scientific areas, which include, among others: management, economics, anthropology, sociology, political science, the psychology of work, and others. The scope of concerned aspects relates to human relations, it seems necessary to reflect on the subject of consideration from the point of view of sociology. In the contemporary world everybody operates within a global system, therefore everyone is interdependent. The paradigm of the organization constitutes of a man, the purpose and structure. Cooperation is the opposite of social conflict, hence by the means of cooperation conflicts may be prevented and through cooperation conflicts may be solved. Currently, the rescue system in Poland is based on organized but dispersed areas of responsibility among public authorities and non-governmental organizations. In Portugal, civil protection and relief operations are multidisciplinary activities developed by agencies, services and entities, at the national, district and municipal levels, duly organized in the Integrated Protection and Relief Operations System. Therefore cooperation between agencies should be a never ending process which is realized through all crises management phases. Only then it brings the synergy effect in the key moments of complex life-saving operations. These two agencies are almost always present on a scene of small and major incidents. Therefore the authors recognized that the problem is worth to be addressed as a comparison study on the base of Polish and Portuguese experiences.
EN
The field of social network studies has been growing within the last 40 years, gathering scholars from a wide range of disciplines (biology, chemistry, geography, international relations, mathematics, political sciences, sociology etc.) and covering diverse substantive research topics. Using Google metrics, the scientific production within the field it is shown to follow an ascending trend since the late 60s. Within the Romanian sociology, social network analysis is still in his early spring, network studies being low in number and rather peripheral. This note gives a brief overview of social network analysis and makes some short references to the current state of the network studies within Romanian sociology
EN
According to the legally binding directives concerning strategy, public safety is one of the fields of the state’s activity that is subjected to dynamic transformation. That is the result of the changes that occur within security area in international and national aspect. These changes indicate that this kind of security is one of the crucial meaning. Its essence concerns citizens’ safety in all subjects of state’s functioning. In order to carry out tasks within this area, public security system has been appointed that is a part of the state’s internal system of security. Due to its goals, public security system cooperates with many elements of the state security system that determines its effectiveness.
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