Search results - CEJSH

1

Korzystanie z utworów osieroconych — w poszukiwaniu optymalnych rozwiązań legislacyjnych

100%

Banasiuk J.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2017

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vol. 26

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issue 1

161-194

EN

American or European models of use of orphan works can be divided into a number of groups, such as: the US Government's Restricted Claims Model, models with the central office granting a license (Canada, Hungary, UK), and models using the collective management system (Scandinavian countries, Switzerland). The model adopted in the United States gives quite a lot of freedom to the user, but is fraught with uncertainty about the possible infringement of copyright. It is open question whether the fair use doctrine for the use of orphan works for non-commercial purposes by the cultural institutions would be more effective. Formalized Canadian, Hungarian and British models give users greater legal certainty with regard to the use of the work, but also prolong the access to orphan works. Entrusting orphan works to collective management organizations could be an effective solution for those forms of creativity over which these organizations actually care

2

Dostęp do informacji publicznej a prawo autorskie

100%

Koellner T.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2012

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vol. 21

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issue 3

741-783

EN

The aim of this article is to comprehensively analyse Polish legal system in terms of the relations that arise between the copyright law and freedom of information. While the problem of conflict between the two spheres of regulation has been noticed and addressed by foreign law systems (the article illustrates the solutions adopted in countries such as Germany, France, United Kingdom and United States), it seems like it remains omitted by the Polish legislator. Polish law does not provide any effective (if any) solution with regards to the clash between the rights of author and the right to receive public information. As it is indicated by the administrative practice, the lack of appropriate legal regulations forms a threat to one of the fundamental civil rights while significantly reducing transparency of the public decision-making process.

3

Importance of copyrights in online society

80%

Czetwertyński S.

Managerial Economics

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2017

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vol. 18

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issue 2

147-163

XX

The subject matter of the considerations in this paper is copyrights and their importance in the online society. This issue was selected because of the weight of the copyrights in the access and exchange of content via the Internet and, at the same time, the relatively high rate of unauthorized copying that, in fact, translates as a breach of the copyrights. In practice, this means that copyrights (which, for the online society, are what ownership rights for the industrial society are) have no serious authority. Informal norms of the exchange of digital information goods (called the “copy culture”) are not accordant with regulations of the formal copyright institution. The main goal of this paper is to determine the importance of copyrights for relationshipstaking place in the online society. In the paper, a large part of the considerations regards the bi-polarity of the copyright idea that protects authors on the one hand yet prevents the s called author's monopoly on the other. In the course of considerations, the author made an attempt to verify the hypothesis stating that the bi-polarity of copyrights responds to the needs of the online society; however, the formal copyright institution has no such serious authorityas the institution of ownership rights to tangible things. The research method applied in this paper is of a deductive nature. Considerations are based on an analysis of the copyright idea as well as on the traffic, extent, and content on the Internet – in other words, flows within the online society.

4

Dzieła osierocone jako wyzwanie dla humanistyki

80%

Smywińska-Pohl A., Jarmuszkiewicz A.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2017

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vol. 60

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issue 3 (123)

127-140

EN

The article presents the legal concept of orphan works in the context of the Polish Law on Copyright and its social and cultural impact on the effectiveness of scientific research, especially in the field of humanities. The purpose of introducing legislative solutions relating to orphan works is to save the cultural heritage from oblivion, and also to restore the continuity of scientific research. The article also raises the question of the contemporary idea of Open Access, which is considered as another plane for new humanities — as a place of common ground to exchange knowledge without barriers.

5

Etyczny wymiar przemilczania faktów

80%

Jaczynowski L.

Prakseologia

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2008

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issue 148

137-142

EN

In Poland there is a common opinion that the creators of the first digital computer were J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchly, who constructed the ENIAC in 1945 and started it in the Pennsylvania University. There is no information that the abovementioned constructors were deprived of patent rights by the verdict of the Minneapolis court from 19.10.1973 (Sperry Round vs Honeywell case). In the sentence proclaimed by a federal judge Earl R. Larson you can re- ad that while constructing the ENIAC the basic idea worked out by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry was used without referring to it. The paper describes the origin of the ABC – Atanasoff Berry Computer and turns attention to the ethical dimension of depriving the University of Iowa, where the described construction came into being, of the “victor’s palm”.

6

Creating market value of research works

80%

Łukasiewicz P.

Nauka

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2007

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issue 4

EN

In the article some issues about creating market value of research works are described. They are related to the stage of planning research works, their realisation and rules of using outcomes, especially in the aspect of protecting exclusive rights (copyrights, patents) of scientific institutions and researches. The author also shows internal model of approving scientific publications destinated to dissemination. The model allows one to protect the most precious results of research works before untimely publication.

7

SCREENSHOTS AND COPYRIGHT

80%

Nowak D.

Teaching English with Technology

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2013

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vol. 13

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issue 4

23-37

EN

The present article attempts to show how important and easy it is to use authentic material in the classroom. However, the teacher who copies news reports from the Internet may infringe the copyright law. The article offers a comparative analysis of copyright laws in Common Law countries and the EU countries in relation to fair use. The article tries to determine whether teachers may copy, what teachers may copy, what to do with authentic materials as screenshots and how to adapt them to TELC, KET and PET examination tasks. The Author suggests some reading comprehension and grammar development activities designed using Paint and screenshots.

8

The Critique of Copyright in Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s Argumentation Ethics

80%

Błaszczyk C.

Studia Iuridica

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2016

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vol. 68

33-54

PL

The accurate interpretation of Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s argumentation ethics inevitably leads to the conclusion that appropriation of creative works ought to be rejected since only tangibles can and need to be owned for artistic conceptions are ideal, not-scarce (non-excludable and non-rivalrous) objects. Moreover, their ownership would inevitably lead to a conflict over titles to their exemplars. Incorporeal rights are thus inconsistent with both the praxeological axiom and absoluteness of negative rights. Hence, an attempt to introduce “artificial scarcity” through positive copyright law is unethical. It disregards the fundamental rules of any rational ethics: universality (equality before the law) and operationality (suitability for mankind survival) because it interferes with the propertarian axiom of self-ownership and the principle of non-aggression. Therefore, a property in artistic conceptions is neither rationally feasible nor indispensable and entails self-contradiction of any deontological theory based on rules of praxeology.

9

The Critique of Copyright in Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s Argumentation Ethics

80%

Błaszczyk C.

Studia Iuridica

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2016

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vol. 68

33-54

PL

The accurate interpretation of Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s argumentation ethics inevitably leads to the conclusion that appropriation of creative works ought to be rejected since only tangibles can and need to be owned for artistic conceptions are ideal, not-scarce (non-excludable and non-rivalrous) objects. Moreover, their ownership would inevitably lead to a conflict over titles to their exemplars. Incorporeal rights are thus inconsistent with both the praxeological axiom and absoluteness of negative rights. Hence, an attempt to introduce “artificial scarcity” through positive copyright law is unethical. It disregards the fundamental rules of any rational ethics: universality (equality before the law) and operationality (suitability for mankind survival) because it interferes with the propertarian axiom of self-ownership and the principle of non-aggression. Therefore, a property in artistic conceptions is neither rationally feasible nor indispensable and entails self-contradiction of any deontological theory based on rules of praxeology.

10

Databases consisting of personal data: promising financial opportunity for member states?

80%

Žárská P.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2022

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vol. 12

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issue 2

159-172

EN

In times of economic recession Member states might seek new incomes. Governments of Member states should not overlook the financial potential of electronic databases consisting of personal data. The commercial use of such databases seems controversial, because the EU data protection law does not allow it directly. However, Copyright and the sui generis database right allow governments of Member states financially profit from the authorized use of databases. The aim of this article is to provide a feasible solution on the lawful commercial use of databases consisting of citizens’ data for Member states.

11

Collective Work as an Inspiration for Legal Qualification of Computer-Generated Works – Comparative Analysis of the Institution from Polish and French Copyright Law Perspective

80%

Kowala M.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2021

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vol. 45

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issue 2

35-56

EN

The paper focuses on the question whether the institution of collective work could be used as an inspiration in order to regulate the legal situation of computer-generated works. Technological progress makes the creation of art by artificial intelligence with only minimal human participation an increasingly popular phenomenon. For this reason, world literature more and more often discusses how to legally qualify algorithmic creativity. An interesting idea, proposed in January 2020 by French Superior Council of Literary and Artistic Property is to regulate the issue alike the institution of a collective work. The study of the nature of computer-generated creativity on the example of the Endel musical start-up conducted in this paper will help to understand the complexity of the problem of algorithmic creativity. It will be also a valuable introduction to the analysis of the institution of collective work in Polish and French law. This comparative study will be important in the context of assessing the French proposals for the legal qualification of algorithmic creativity and examining to what extent the model of the collective work can be applied to computer-generated works in Polish copyright law.

12

Udostępnianie utworów na licencjach Creative Commons – wybrane aspekty

80%

Tomaszewska A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2019

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issue 3(63)

9-24

EN

The purpose of the article is to systematize the most important information regarding Creative Commons licenses, released by the Creative Commons organization, including the structure and nature of these licenses. The scope of the analysis also covered some issues related to the possibility of using the Creative Commons licenses as an alternative to the traditional model of copyright protection. The article also describes some expressed reservations about using Creative Commons licenses under Polish law. The last part of the text refers to the method of granting the Creative Commons licenses.

13

Opinia prawna dotycząca zgodności z Konstytucją RP poselskiego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych

80%

Karolczak J. M., Wojnarska‑Krajewska E.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2012

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issue 3(35)

193-207

EN

The conflict between the protection of authors’ work and their right to financial benefits on the one hand and a demand for broad access to cultural goods on the other requires the existence of regulations concerning fair use rules (both personal and public).The bill, however, raises doubts about the compatibility with Article 64 paragraph 1, in conjunction with Article 31 paragraph 3, of the Constitution. The authors consider the bill to be the wrong way to implement Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. There is doubt as to whether the bill is consistent with international conventions.

14

Kaznodzieja jako autor homilii. Aspekty homiletyczno-prawne

80%

Broński W.

Studia Pastoralne

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2011

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vol. 7

119-130

EN

Prophet of the Highest, Christ`s witness, competent word of God servant – these terms are used to define the preacher in literature. However, homily is understood as the word of God inside preacher`s humane word. From the theological point of view it is the result of specific but also individual preacher`s composition. In present essay, after introduction theological basis of preacher`s mission, homily issues were discussed as the result of creative work and also selected legal aspects related to the homily authorship were mentioned.

15

Sankcje za naruszenie praw autorskich w kontekście wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 23 czerwca 2015 r. (SK 32/14)

80%

Giermak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2015

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vol. XIII

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issue 4

153-163

EN

Breaching into the sphere of the exclusive rights of authors is associated with a wide range of possible civil and criminal penalties. Copyright holders have used the possibility to pursue triple of the appropriate remuneration from the perpetrator of culpable violation. Such a possibility, however, was blocked, because the Constitutional Court found in case SK 32/14 that this right is in violation with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This article examines complaints and concerns that can arise around aforementioned claim. The following considerations apply only to the arguments omitted by the Court in favor of existing solutions. This paper also presents proposals for solutions that can replace the previous regulation.

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Kultura kopiowania a pozarynkowy obrót dobrami informacyjnymi w erze Internetu

80%

Czetwertyński S.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2015

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issue 1(3)

152-166

EN

This article is an attempt to show an impact of copy culture on the economic dimension of the market exchange of information goods. Copy culture is an important social aspect, which is reflected in the activities of Internet users. The scale of this phenomenon does not allow to ignore it, especially in the context of economic profitability of the copyright holders.The article espouses the hypothesis that unauthorized copying over the Internet is characterized by a high degree of social acceptance. The purpose of this article is to show the legitimacy of such a hypothesis by the retrospective analysis of copying practices and considerations of contemporary examples.

17

Unnamed Forms of Protection for Immovable Monuments Classified as Architectural Works as Implied by the Act on Copyright and Related Rights

80%

Tylec G.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2017

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vol. 27

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issue 4 English Online Version

57-77

EN

This article addresses issues of legal protection for architectural works which qualify as monuments. The research problem is related to answering the question under what circumstances the regulation of the Copyright Act is applicable to architectural monuments. The Author presents the currently binding definitions of “monument” and “architectural work”. Issues concerning the duration of protection for architectural works, with regard to both economic rights and moral rights, are investigated. Particular norms of the law on copyright work agreements related to architectural works, regulated by the Polish act on copyright and related rights. Specific legal problems are indicated with respect to the revaluation of historical architectural monuments which are no longer liable for copyright protection.

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Przestępstwo naruszenia autorskich praw osobistych z art. 115 ust. 3 Ustawy z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych w świetle zasady określoności

80%

Piesiewicz P. F.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2018

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issue 2 (22)

29-48

EN

The Act of February 4, 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights, which regulates issues related to the protection of copyrights, belongs to the private law system (its provi- sions protect the private interest). However, the Act includes both administrative and criminal law provisions aimed at protecting the public interest. The literature rightly points out that the systemic division into public and private law is becoming increasingly less pronounced, due to the permeation of legal domains belonging to both systems. An example of such interpenetration are the provisions of copyright law. This statement is significant for the considerations made in this article due to the statutory method of penalising certain behaviour contained in the provisions of the Copyright and Related Rights Act. Criminal law provisions, systemically related to public law and protecting the public interest, contain references to the provisions of the Copyright and Related Rights Act regulating the scope of copyright protection, i.e. private law norms. In the context of the requirements that should be met by criminal law, such a reference raises doubts, which are particularly highlighted in Art. 115 para. 3 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act. This issue is impor- tant because the Constitutional Tribunal in its judgment of 17 February 2015, Ref. K 15/13 recognised this provision as constitutional. Therefore, he concluded that the principle of the specificity of a criminal act does not preclude the legislator from using terms that are imprecise or vague if their designations can be determined. At the same time, the Constitutional Tribunal has not presented any arguments indicating that in this case the determination of the designates of Art. 115 para. 3 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act does not cause any difficulties. The author of this article attempts to determine the extent of criminal liability in the event of a violation of author’s moral rights (Article 115 section 3 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act), at the same time indicating the difficulties that are associated with the unambiguous determination of behaviour which Art. 115 para. 3 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act penalises.

19

Własnościowy model prawa autorskiego – analiza koncepcji przyjętej w prawie polskim

71%

Giesen B.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2015

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vol. 77

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issue 2

61-74

EN

While explaining the idea of a copyright, many scholars refer to a property law model. The question is, however, whether such approach is really accurate. The idea of defining copyright law with reference to property law originated in the eighteenth century. The term ‘property’ was at that time very broadly interpreted. It covered a range of claims on assets, including a person, considered to be its own property. However, towards the end of the nineteenth century it became clear that there are structural differences between property and copyright. This led to a new category of rights, the ‘immaterial goods.’ This distinction was quite plausible and has remained such until today. Unlike property law, copyright is not a right in a thing but merely a ‘quasi right’ in a thing. The difference between both rights is also confirmed by an economic analysis which shows that the exclusivity of copyright law does not necessarily follow from its subject, since the limitation of an access to a work is not an effect of its nature. Thus there need not necessarily have to be a rivalry for the work, since it can as such be reproduced in an unlimited number. This, in turn, leads to a conclusion that an inconsiderate adoption of the property pattern in the field of copyright is unfounded and may bring about undesirable consequences.

PL

Wyjaśniając istotę prawa autorskiego, wielu naukowców odwołuje się do modelu prawa własności. Czy jednak oparcie prawa autorskiego na konstrukcji prawa własności jest rzeczywiście trafne? Koncepcja oparcia prawa autorskiego na modelu prawa własności wywodzi się z XVIII w. Własność ujmowano wówczas szeroko. Odnoszona była ona bowiem do wszelkich składników majątkowych, takich jak np. wierzytelność, a nawet, do własnej osoby. Badania nad strukturą prawa autorskiego doprowadziły pod koniec XIX w. do wyodrębnienia nowej kategorii praw podmiotowych, a mianowicie praw na dobrach niematerialnych. Wniosek ten jest w pełni zasadny i zachowuje swą aktualność po dziś dzień. Prawo autorskiej, w przeciwieństwie do prawa własności, nie jest prawem rzeczowym, a jedynie „prawem quasi-rzeczowym”. Odmienności prawa autorskiego względem prawa własności ujawnia również ekonomiczna analiza. Wyłączność prawa autorskiego nie jest „oczywistością”, ponieważ ograniczenia w dostępie do utworu nie płyną z jego natury. Podobnie rywalizacja o utwór nie powstaje sama z siebie, skoro reprodukcja utworu umożliwia korzystanie z niego jednocześnie przez niezliczoną liczbę osób. Wszystko to prowadzi do wniosku, że bezrefleksyjne przejęcie modelu prawa własności na obszar prawa autorskiego jest współcześnie nieuprawnione i w efekcie może prowadzić do niepożądanych konsekwencji.

20

O właściwościach utworu audiowizualnego „jako całości”

71%

Sokołowska D.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2020

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vol. 82

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issue 4

221-232

EN

One of the controversial issues in copyright law is how an audiovisual work is to be defined and understood. Part of the jurisprudence and doctrine is of the opinion that an audiovisual work constitutes a whole, it is a single work and not a collection of various so-called ‘contribution’ works. The article presents the thesis on maintaining the status quo with regard to contribution works, especially from the perspective of Article 70 para. 2.1 of the Act on Copyright and Related Rights of 4 February 1994.

PL

Jednym z kontrowersyjnych zagadnień w prawie autorskim jest pojmowanie utworu audiowizualnego. Część orzecznictwa i doktryny stoi na stanowisku, że utwór audiowizualny stanowi całość, jest jednym utworem, a nie zbiorem różnych utworów tzw. „wkładowych”. W artykule prezentowana jest teza o zachowaniu status quo przez utwory wkładowe, zwłaszcza z perspektywy art. 70 ust. 2.1 ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r.

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