We study a cost allocation problem under asymmetric information, and show that the ex ante incentive compatible core is non-empty. We also obtain a non-emptiness result for the incentive compatible coarse core, which is one concept of an interim core.
Problems associated with the implementation of mathematical subjects on the Faculty of Economic Sciences (Warsaw University of Life Sciences) are presented in this paper. These subjects are mathematics, financial mathematics and financial engineering. The presented considerations are based on the experience gained during lectures and exercises listed direction of study: Economics, Management, Logistics, Finance and Accounting.
Currently, social capital is an increasingly important factor in socio-economic development, due to the important role it plays in the process of diffusion of knowledge and innovation (Chojnicki, Czyż 2004, Churski 2008, Dominiak, Konecka-Szydłowska 2012, Churski et al. 2018). The aim of the article is to analyze the diversity of social capital in Poznań agglomeration and its changes in 2009–2019. Two research questions were subordinated to the main goal: (1) What is the level of social capital in the Poznań agglomeration and what changes took place in the years 2009–2019? (2) What is the differentiation in the level of social capital in the core – periphery of the Poznań agglomeration and have there been any major changes in this respect? Social capital research was conducted on the basis of published data and questionnaire interviews with the inhabitants of the agglomeration. The indicators used in the analysis correspond to the three components of social capital identified in the literature: structural (networks, social groups and institutions), regulatory (general trust and trust in local authorities) and behavioral (social participation, cooperation, assistance). The empirical analysis carried out allowed establishing regularities regarding both diversity in the level and dynamics of development of individual components of social capital between the agglomeration core – Poznań and the peripheral zone. The results of the conducted research confirm the increase of the social capital resources, which is important in the context of their role in the socio-economic development in the era of modern economy. In a general approach, a higher level of social capital in the aspect of the regulatory and behavioral component was recorded in the peripheral agglomeration zone.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza zróżnicowania kapitału społecznego w układzie rdzeń (miasto Poznań)–peryferie aglomeracji poznańskiej i jego zmian w latach 2009–2019. Realizacji głównego celu podporządkowano dwa pytania badawcze: (1) Jaki jest poziom kapitału społecznego w aglomeracji poznańskiej i jakie zmiany zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 2009–2019? (2) Jakie jest zróżnicowanie poziomu kapitału społecznego w układzie rdzeń–peryferie aglomeracji poznańskiej i czy nastąpiły zasadnicze zmiany w tym zakresie? Badania kapitału społecznego prowadzono w oparciu o dane publikowane i wywiady kwestionariuszowe z mieszkańcami aglomeracji. Wykorzystane w analizie wskaźniki odpowiadają trzem wyróżnionym w literaturze składnikom kapitału społecznego: strukturalnemu, regulatywnemu i behawioralnemu.
The following is a proposition paper whose purpose is to try to provide a solid theoretical (modelling) background for research on image generation and image maintenance. As such, it is intentionally devoid of any experimental/empirical findings. And although we agree that model-reasoning is difficult to observe, we nevertheless utterly agree with Rosenblueth and Wiener’s stance according to which ‘scientific knowledge consists of a sequence of abstract models, preferably formal, occasionally material in nature (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320), who further also stated that ‘the ideal model would be one which would cover the entire universe’ (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320). We are, of course, convinced that material substance can and should be provided later on as research continues to accrue with reference to the model(s) proposed.General assumptions which are put forth in the paper are the following:1. image is pervasive in nature; in fact, in humans it is more pervasive than language. This is due to the fact that the visual-tactile modality is of fundamental significance in the daily conduct of the human species (see e.g. Fletcher, 1952; Pirenne, 1967; Schiffman, 1982; Gordon, 1989; Sekuler/Blake, 1994).2. Owing to its pervasiveness, image may be approached holistically, that is, it may be likened to life, especially to its exteriorization within the bounds of the material and perceiving/acting human body.3. The paper is based on some general theoretical orientations which may be summarized as the following:– material positivism: within this orientation, the subject matter of research is the universal occurrence of embodiment/entitiation and its consequences, dialectical constructivism: within this orientation, a human agent as an embodied entity/organism is assumed to be involved in a continuous process of constructing and changing images.
The article deals with the concept of digital narratives design in training of the future Masters in Education that combines purpose, genesis of the leading research ideas, basic concept-category apparatus, core of the concept, program, determination of character of the research, efficient-prognostic concept. Digital narrative, narrative training, digital narrative approach are highlighted and given the definitions to. Theoretical foundations of digital narratives design as the new field of training of the future Masters of Education in today’s information society are defined. The origins of the use of digital narratives in education are found in digital humanities – the science about using computer systems in various humanitarian fields. Digital narratives spread in higher education of the USA in the late 90s of the XX century as a result of cooperation of Centre of digital narratives (CDS) with a number of universities. At the beginning of the XXI century courses on digital narratives are parts of the Bachelor and Master Study programs, and become the subject of study of international research projects. Leading conceptual ideas of the research are grounded on the convergence of two defining trends of the international educational space development: narrative training and digital humanizing of education, as well as four major scientific theories: making educational process narrative (J. Bruner), computerization of higher humanitarian education (R. Lenham), unity of artistic and pedagogical action (I. Ziaziun) and digital humanist pedagogy (V. Bykov, M. Leshchenko). The article highlights the main ideas about possibilities and advantages of digital narratives use in the training process of the upcoming Masters of Education: digital narrative is a universal social phenomenon that promotes awareness of the uniqueness of humanity (similarities and differences between races, religions, cultural traditions); digital narrative is the process and result of human creativity through ICT, so it is extremely important for the development of creative abilities; it improves cognitive-communication skills; it is a source of mental and aesthetic development, it promotes a positive attitude to learning; digital narrative is a unity of cognitive processes, artistic and creative activities and modern information and communication technologies. Implementation of digital narrative approach is due to expediency of attracting students to the creative production of the information products as a necessary step in the process of formation of information-communication and media competencies, which is particularly important in today’s information society. The article establishes a new direction in theory and practice that enables effective use of ICT for democratization, humanization, and inspiration of the educational process that meets both social and individual needs and will be attractive for students.
The article describes the allegory characteristics as a conceptual and structural linguistic phenomenon. The author determines peculiarities of its realization in the artistic text and introduces the "allegory" concept. Allegorical structures are investigated as polyvalent components of image forming as well as a means of encoding and transformation of knowledge.
A cooperative game in partition function form is proposed for a cost allocation problem. The game describes a real situation in which a payoff of any coalition does not only depend on the players in the coalition but also on the coalition structure of the other players. Solution concepts like the stable set and the core are analyzed. Relations of the concepts in the case of the game in partition function form and of an appropriately formulated game in characteristic function form are shown.
PL
W artykule rozpatrywana jest klasa gier kooperacyjnych w postaci funkcji partycji opisujących problem alokacji kosztów. Problem ten dotyczy sytuacji, w której grupa aktorów – graczy może wspólnie pozyskać pewien zestaw dóbr, realizując odpowiednie projekty rozwojowe i dzieląc między siebie związane z tym koszty. Gracze mogą w celu pozyskania wymaganych dóbr tworzyć różne koalicje i realizować różne projekty. Proponowana klasa gier kooperacyjnych w postaci funkcji partycji umożliwia analizę tego problemu. Gry takie opisują rzeczywiste sytuacje, w których wypłaty każdej koalicji zależą nie tylko od graczy, którzy ją tworzą, ale także od struktury koalicji tworzonych przez pozostałych graczy. W pracy rozwijana jest teoria takich gier. Proponuje się koncepcje takich rozwiązań jak rdzeń gry i zbiory stabilne na podstawie wprowadzonych relacji dominacji. Analizuje się własności tych koncepcji rozwiązań. Podaje się twierdzenia pokazujące, że w określonych przypadkach rozważane koncepcje rozwiązań gier w postaci funkcji partycji mogą być wyznaczone jako odpowiednie rozwiązania gier w postaci funkcji charakterystycznej. Słowa kluczowe: gra w postaci funkcji party
The constructive principle of prototextuality implies an obligatory indestructible connection of all modern genotypes with text prototype: it ensures the continuity and preservation of the canonical worldview constructs contained in a concentrated form in the prototext. The genre samples that the aggregate prototext contains are called proto-genres. There are three of them: prayer, preaching and hagiography. In the modern genre system each proto-genre is the substantive and structural basis of a group of genres derived from it, i.e. modern genre types. Each genre type on a generic basis is divided into genres and subgenres. The genre type of modern functional religious style can be represented as a conceptual field. The core of each genre subsystem is made up of genres used in the liturgical sphere; they are as close as possible to the proto-genre in a formal-substantive sense. The periphery of the genre subsystem is made up of genres that function in the non-public sphere; they are distinguished by a certain author’s freedom and at the same time retain their connection with the canonical prototext. The genre subsystems, genetically going back to the proto-genres of prayer, sermon and hagiography, have a common communicative framework (subjects of religious communication belong to different worlds; communication is characterized by reverent tonality in relation to God and other representatives of the sacred world), however, they differ in the direction of communication and the way of textual processing content. Thus, all the three subsystems of the religious style went through the development process, each on its own prototext basis. Prayer, preaching and hagiography continue their active existence in the form of genre groups of the modern religious style. The named genre types maintain a central location in the genre system of religious functional style. Along with it, the periphery of the style is being actively created, formed by genres that do not perform the liturgical functions themselves and are at the intersection with other functional styles. The periphery is constituted by texts with a degree of freedom acceptable for religious Orthodox consciousness that relate to various types of religious activity and ensure the existence of the Church as a social institution of a society. Nevertheless, reliance on prototext is also a characteristic feature of peripheral texts. Peripheral genres arise at the intersection of a religious functional style with other styles. Hybrid genres are especially active in the mass media and on the Internet, where the religious functional style interacts with journalistic and conversational styles. Currently, the sphere of religious confessional journalism and religious Internet communication has taken shape.
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