Search results - CEJSH

1

Contemporary Russian Corruption

100%

Gilinskiy Y.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2008

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issue XXIX-XXX

495-505

2

The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth and Innovation in an Economy in Developed European Countries

98%

Pluskota A.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

|

2020

|

vol. 54

|

issue 2

EN

Theoretical background: The article explores the relationship between corruption and innovation in an economy and between corruption and economic growth. The multi-faceted and complex nature of corruption means that the impact of corruption on innovation and economic growth is unidirectional. There are arguments in the literature for both positive and negative effects of corruption on macroeconomic figures. Most empirical research confirms the linear negative impact of corruption on economic growth. These results are the opposite of theoretical arguments that there may be both positive and negative consequences of corruption.Purpose of the article: The research aim is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the impact of corruption on selected macroeconomic variables. This goal was achieved by analysing the most significant arguments describing the relationships between chosen variables. Based on the literature analysis, research hypotheses were developed, and they were verified in an empirical study. The results were analysed in the discussion section.Research methods: The study is based on a set of data on economically developed countries in Europe from 1996 to 2017. The empirical study was conducted using basic statistical measures – descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient, whereas econometric models were based on the GMM system (Generalized Method of Moments).Main findings: The results of this research show that the relationships between corruption and the measure of innovation, and corruption and economic growth are not linear. They take the form of a parabola. This means that the influence of corruption on innovation and economic growth is not the same for all levels of the corruption indicator. The relationship between corruption and economic growth is specific enough to show that a low level of corruption is economically justified from the point of view of empirical research. This is possible because corruption solves other economic problems, such as bureaucracy, which limits development. Corruption will support economic growth if the state does not work properly.

PL

Theoretical background: The article explores the relationship between corruption and innovation in an economy and between corruption and economic growth. The multi-faceted and complex nature of corruption means that the impact of corruption on innovation and economic growth is unidirectional. There are arguments in the literature for both positive and negative effects of corruption on macroeconomic fiures. Most empirical research confirms the linear negative impact of corruption on economic growth. These results are the opposite of theoretical arguments that there may be both positive and negative consequences of corruption. Purpose of the article: The research aim is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the impact of corruption on selected macroeconomic variables. This goal was achieved by analysing the most signifiant arguments describing the relationships between chosen variables. Based on the literature analysis, research hypotheses were developed, and they were verifid in an empirical study. The results were analysed in the discussion section. Research methods: The study is based on a set of data on economically developed countries in Europe from 1996 to 2017. The empirical study was conducted using basic statistical measures – descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient, whereas econometric models were based on the GMM system (Generalized Method of Moments). Main findings: The results of this research show that the relationships between corruption and the measure of innovation, and corruption and economic growth are not linear. They take the form of a parabola. This means that the influence of corruption on innovation and economic growth is not the same for all levels of the corruption indicator. The relationship between corruption and economic growth is specific enough to show that a low level of corruption is economically justified from the point of view of empirical research. This is possible because corruption solves other economic problems, such as bureaucracy, which limits development. Corruption will support economic growth if the state does not work properly.

3

Česká veřejnost na cestě od strachu ze zločinu k obavám z korupce

93%

Buriánek J.

Česká kriminologie (Czech Criminology)

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2016

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vol. 1

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issue 3

1-17

EN

The paper examines recent developments in fear of crime in the Czech Republic. The dynamics of fear and concerns are on the rise, although the standard measure of fear has reached an average, stabilized level when compared to the rest of Europe. However, there is another emerging subject of concern, maybe even a new scapegoat for the public’s worries – corruption. This text demonstrates an evident increase in concerns about corruption as well as instances of bribery in everyday practice. Although the transition to democracy in the Czech Republic after 1989 offered a picture of a “tolerant” society, accepting the necessary social costs of change, the conclusion about “risk normalization” is not quite valid when it comes to corruption: the concerns about corruption go beyond the sphere of public opinion (i.e. attitudes) as Czech citizens exhibit high involvement in bribery in everyday life. The increase in concerns about corruption also presents a serious risk with respect to people’s trust in the social system and its key institutions.

4

Black futurology

93%

Tazbir J.

Nauka

|

2008

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issue 1

EN

The Polish-Lithuanian state was at the summit of its power in the 16th century. It was fully entitled to be proud of a flourishing development of culture, of its military achievements and a successful economic development. Nevertheless, it was then that predictions of the state’s decline began to appear. The Catholic Church, too, felt itself endangered, its representatives resenting the toleration of numerous heresies. Complaints about corruption, which was quite frequent in judicature, were widespread. These black visions of the future multiplied in the second half of the 17th century. They materialised a hundred years later when after the three partitions the state lost its independence for 123 years (1795-1918).

5

Korupcja a rozwój. Analiza funkcjonalnych aspektów korupcji

93%

Czepil B.

Prakseologia

|

2014

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issue 155

295-324

EN

Corruption has become a major global problem. Proponents of the “good corruption” thesis believe that in certain conditions corruption can be conducive to economic and political development. To them, corruption is “grease” that lubricates the rigid wheels of the bureaucratic machine, and is a legitimate mechanizm of political inclusion of the excluded masses. Yet, empirical analysis of the positive functions of corruption in the Soviet Union, the United States of America and certain Asian countries revealed that corruption is first and foremost a symptom of political and economic system dysfunction. One can speak of the positive functions of corruption only in the context of the system’s serious malfunction concerning the fulfillment of the society’s expectations coupled with the lack of prospects for this system’s reform.

6

Gandhi Darshan: A Panacea to The Evil of Political Corruption in India

93%

Chakraborty S.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2017

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issue 1

91-102

EN

Corruption is the greatest pitfall of Indian democracy; it gradually erodes the faith of the Indian citizens in parliamentary democracy. Another disconcerting trend is the crim-inalization of politics which has emerged as a natural corollary to political corruption. The failure to deal with political corruption and criminalization has led to the deprava-tion of political morality in India. It is against this backdrop that the article would exam-ine the issues of political corruption and criminalization of politics in India. The article would end by providing the “Gandhian” solution to this problem.

7

ETHICS AND PATHOLOGY IN THE POLISH POLICE – PROFESSIONAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS

93%

Bełdzikowski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2016

|

issue 2

56-82

EN

Based on political changes initiated in 1989 and on moral and legal patterns stipulated in the Act on the Police of 6 April 1990, this paper brings closer the development of the Police Forces in Poland up to the present day. The analysis is carried out in the context of criminal behaviour and other shameful acts performed by police officers. Most of them generally discredited the professionalism and fundamental ethical principles of the Police. However, at the same time, the Police regularly receives new legal instruments such as "the crown witness" and the so called "small crown witness" to fight organized crime, and a number of specialized structures such as the Central Investigation Bureau. The Police is systematically developing contacts and cooperation with foreign institutions such as Europol, FBI or BKA. Unfortunately, around 2003 and 2004 internal criminal activities conducted by police officers started to intensify. Corruption spread among officers of all ranks, from local police stations to the General Head Quarters. The media are full of stories of lame investigations for example in murder of the Chief of the National Police Marek Papała or murder of a young businessman Krzysztof Olewnik. Cardinal professional errors committed during these investigations put the Police in an unfavourable light. Therefore, doubts regarding professionalism, ethical values and authority of the Police seem to be justified. The author also points to reckless development of relations between the Police Head Quarters and politicians who put the Police officers of the highest rank under their dubious supervision and command. The moral values and political neutrality so important for the founding fathers of the modern Police, now after 26 years, remain a mere theoretical legal record. As a conclusion, this paper suggests a consensus solution: an institution with high public authority for example the Ombudsman or the Supreme Bar Council, in order to establish a permanent practice of appointment of the head of the Police for a 5-year term of office with the possibility of renewal for the next 5 years.

8

Korupcja w systemie wzajemnych relacji między społeczeństwem i państwem na obszarze poradzieckim i na Ukrainie

93%

Zotkin A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 3(34/1)

201-214

EN

The paper described an attempt theoretical and empirical explanation of display of corruption in societies in post‑Soviet republics. Attention is drawn to the need to understand this social phenomenon while taking into account the influence of several factors. Among these are marked anomie or normative “vacuum” in condition of deinstitutionalization of Soviet system in societies of Independent States, a decrease of the regulatory functions of the government, reducing the welfare of the citizens, the interests of elites.

9

Corruption: the Polish perspective of combating it in light of the World Bank’s experiences

93%

Purchla J.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

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2019

|

issue 1(47)

61-73

EN

Objectives: The aim of this article is to identify the main weaknesses in Poland in combating corruption in the context of the World Bank’s experiences. Research Design & Methods: Various notions of corruption will be presented. This article will also indicate the most important conclusions from a number of previous scientific studies in the field of corruption conducted under the aegis of the World Bank. Findings: Reducing motivation to accept or provide undue benefits is directly related to an increased effectiveness in detecting corruption. The World Bank also points out that one of the most effective tools in fighting corruption is counteracting the legalisation of benefits obtained through corrupt activities. Contribution: In the Polish perspective, a positive correlation between a weaker, less operational state apparatus and the frequency of corruption will be shown.

10

Związek Radziecki jako państwo skorumpowane

93%

Czepil B.

Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi

|

2010

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vol. 32

261-290

EN

The article concerns the process of corruption’s institutionalization in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Corruption is perceived as a permanent and variable pattern of social-and-political actors’ behavior which was generated by centralized structure of governmental system. The author attempts to prove that costs and benefits derived from corruption were not identical during every period of the Soviet Union’s development. This calculation was for the most part the result of political regime’s dynamics and changing degree of its totalitarianism. Legalized corruption, patron–client networks and ordinary bribery – which the author defines as a patterns of corruption typical for the Soviet Union – were structurally connected phenomena. On one hand they were inextricably intertwined with the political system; on the other they were a manifestation of the system’s inefficiency and a lack of its identification with foundational principles. While analyzing corruption in a system such as the Soviet Union, many various doubts appear as far as defining different actions as unequivocally corrupt is concerned. Some of them were not meant to serve as an instrument of personal enrichment but were the only available way to gain access to scarce goods or to face challenges posed by the irrational system of the economy’s management. It can be assumed that these actions were the manifestations of rational adaptation to unpredictable social-and-economic environment and that to some degree they performed functionally useful role. Corruption in the Soviet Union gained a status of informal institution the regulatory potential of which was largely serving as a substitute for regulatory functions which generally should be performed by the legal system.

11

Corruption in Spain and Catalonia after 2008

93%

Myśliwiec M., Stachowicz K.

Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities

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2018

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vol. 8

225-236

EN

The authors decided to deal with the theme of the influence of corruption on the political processes in contemporary Spain and Catalonia. The investigation of this problem requires the reference to both: a political situation in entire state and in the peripheral region, included in the territorial range of Spain. Therefore, the main objective of the article is the attempt to answer three questions: 1) What is the corruptive phenomenon based on and why a public sphere is endangered with it to such a degree?, 2) How did the Spanish citizens react to corruptive processes after 2008?, 3) Did Catalonia, whose politicians regard this region as definitely separate from Spain, differ considerably from a political centre and other regions of the country within intensity of the occurrence of corruptive phenomena after 2008?

12

La corruption dans l’approche économique

93%

Gola J.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2013

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vol. 19

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issue 3

21 - 27

EN

The article refers to corruption in economic terms. Above all, it characterizes the influence of corruption on economy and its effects. Particular attention was paid to the impact of corruption on the loss of confidence in public institutions. Furthermore, it describes two situations relating to the pathology in economic terms, namely the cases of a constant and variable supply.

13

Theories explaining corruption in post-communist countries

93%

Chábová K.

Česká kriminologie (Czech Criminology)

|

2016

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vol. 1

|

issue 3

1-14

EN

This article is looking at theoretical approaches to the study of corruption and tries to answer the question what could be the reason behind differences in the level of corruption between post-communist countries and established democracies in Europe on the theoretical level. First, this article discusses the problems of the definition of corrupt on. Next, this article presents the most important theories explaining corruption from the sociological point of view. This article will focus especially on norms (which are connected to rational choice, theory of ‘bad apples’ and ‘bad barrel’ and to criminological theories), on values (Max Weber, Inglehart and his theory of post-materialism), and finally on the extensive literature on corruption omitting any kind of theory. This paper will conclude with a discussion about which theories could explain the different levels of corruption in different countries.

14

Determinants of Corruption in Ukrainian Regions: Spatial Analysis

93%

Penska A.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2015

|

issue 42

135-160

EN

This study investigates the determinants of corruption in Ukrainian regions and applies spatial analysis to examine the relationship between corruption perception index and economic, political and cul- tural factors. The results of the study show that economic growth decreases corruption in the regions. The paper also challenges the existing academic studies, as it shows positive impact of the number of civil organizations in Ukrainian regions on corruption. The impli- cations of the empirical research are, therefore, a valuable asset to the existing literature on corruption. They indicate that dealing with cor- ruption in Ukraine requires consideration of the influence of region- specific corruption determinants.

15

Rola NOK w poprawianiu zarządzania aktywami publicznymi – priorytetowe zadania Grupy Roboczej INTOSAI

93%

Kościelniak J.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2015

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vol. 60

|

issue 1 (360)

174-179

EN

The mission of the INTOSAI Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering is to promote international cooperation among Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) and other international institutions in the area of the fight against corruption and money laundering. Another objective of the Group’s activities is also to set policies and strategies on how to combat these phenomena within the mandates of SAIs. At present, one of priority tasks of the Group is to finalise works on the document comprising guidelines on good governance of public assets.

16

Definiowanie korupcji w kontekście różnic kulturowych

93%

Stachowicz-Stanusch A., Sworowska A.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2012

|

vol. nr 1

97-115

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem związany z definiowaniem zjawiska korupcji w kontekście występujących różnic międzykulturowych, Zaprezentowano wiele istniejących definicji korupcji, jak również wskazano zmienne kulturowe, które w dotychczasowych badaniach powiązano z korupcją.

EN

In the paper there is presented a problem of defining phenomenon of corruption in a context of existing cross-cultural differences. There were also presented numerous definitions of corruption as well as there were indicated some cultural variables that were connected with corruption in previous research.

17

Oblicza korupcji: formy i typy zachowań

93%

Stachowicz-Stanusch A., Sworowska A.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2012

|

vol. nr 1

117-133

PL

Korupcja jest zjawiskiem trudnym do zdefiniowania, stąd, nierzadko, definiuje się ją poprzez podawanie przykładów określonych działań, jakie to zjawisko obejmuje. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono spotykane w literaturze rozmaite klasyfikacje korupcji zarówno pod względem typu zachowań, z jakimi jest ona związana, jak również rodzaju podmiotów, jakich dotyczy i jakie w niej uczestniczą.

EN

Corruption is a phenomenon that is difficult to be defined. Thus, it is frequently determined with the use of examples of particular actions that are encompassed by this phenomenon. In the paper there are presented various classifications for corruption that occur in the literature. There were taken into account such criteria as types of behaviors as well as types of entities that are connected with corruption.

18

Wirusowy charakter korupcji – czy organizacja może zarazić się korupcją?

93%

Stachowicz–Stanusch A.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

|

2012

|

issue 1(84)

51-62

EN

This paper seeks to expand on the idea that corruption is not simply a single–company phenomenon, but that it can spread across companies within networks. Ashforth and Anand’s model of three pillars of normalized corruption and contagion theory are used to provide a means by which contamination of corruption across companies may occur.

19

Analiza działalności Centralnego Biura Antykorupcyjnego w latach 2007–2009

93%

Węgrzynowski B.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2014

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issue 2

43-70

EN

In this article, the author make an attempt to analyze the specific activities of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau in the years 2007–2009. References were made to general measures taken in that period of time as well as to the two high-profile media cases in which Miroslaw Garlicki and Beata Sawicka were detained. Thereby it was possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau.

20

New Challenges in Combating Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Corruption

93%

Jasinski W.

Internal Security

|

2011

|

vol. 3(2)

181-200

EN

Money laundering, terrorist financing and corruption are connected mutually threats to democratic society and economic systems. It is obvious that it must be countered internationally. The article deals with issues related to basic changes in area of counteracting of these threats. These changes are results of III Directive of October 25, 2005, on the prevention of the use the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing. This act established risk based approach (RBA). The article presents rules of RBA in fighting against money laundering and terrorist financing. By adopting a risk-based approach (RBA), competent authorities and financial institutions are able to ensure that measures to prevent or mitigate money laundering are commensurate to the risks identified. This will allow resources to be allocated in the most efficient ways. As a result this approach is more effective selection of suspicious transactions, increasing effectiveness of detecting money laundering and terrorist financing and saving of private entities which cooperate with law enforcement agencies. The article deals also with links between money laundering and corruption and new legal construction - politically exposed person and solution which have to limit usage of political position for criminal purposes. Usage of these instruments are important challenge for all private entities and government but establishing these solutions is very difficult. What is more the article underlines the necessity of undertaking specific initiatives that will harmonize the praxis of money laundering detection in different countries, such as e.g. confiscation of property count to the group of key measures to combat money laundering and other serious offences, reconstruction the model of money laundering detection and evaluation of the FIUs activities.

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