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Kantian Politics and Methodological Cosmopolitanism

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EN
The author offers in his article a philosophical and ethical concept of cosmopolitanism realized in the thought of Immanuel Kant. The text contains a theoretical study of cosmopolitanism derived from the postmodern critique of contemporary anthropology. According to the author, cosmopolitanism should be seen as one of the types, dimensions, or forms of globalization. It is a set of values, attitudes and identities, which are universal, apolitical, and transnational. The author traces the common basic source of this values, directing readers attention to culture.
EN
The beginning of the 21st century was a period in which the international order was still in the phase of transformation. The bipolar system, which fell into disintegration along with the end of the Cold War, did not trigger the end of history as some had expected. e international community faced new challenges which will probably require new, more effective instruments. The new conditions of the evolution of the international order pose difficult questions to be answered by analysts of international relations. The questions relate to the analysis of the present order as well as the directions of its short, middle – and long-term development. e international order, as with most of the elements in the theory of international relations, may be analysed from the perspective of various research schools. In Polish literature on the subject it has been viewed mainly from the angle of the classical paradigms: realistic, liberal or normative.
EN
The traditional ideas of citizenship, both republican and liberal, as well the conceptions of immigrant integration that are deeply rooted in them, are undergoing a serious crisis when we analyse them from the perspective of global migration. In modern multinational states and societies at the super-diversity stage, which are emerging as a consequence of migrations, citizenship viewed through the prism of membership of a country, including the rights and obligations towards the state as well as civic competence, has become a topic of ideological debate and deliberation on the integration of immigrants. The social issues that follow from the assumptions of two basic conceptions: integration as assimilation based on the idea of republican citizenship and multinational policy based on the tradition of liberal citizenship, have enlivened the idea of transnational (cosmopolitan) citizenship. The main thesis of the article, involving the dysfunctionality of the established integration models related to classical ideas of citizenship, has been presented against the background of an analysis concerning changing legislation in terms of migration policies in France and Great Britain. The concept of transnational citizenship has also been related to EU legislation.
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O byciu Niemcem w refleksji Fryderyka Nietzschego

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EN
Friedrich Nietzsche, whose thought has had considerable influence on many thinkers over the last one hundred years, criticized nationalism and anti-Semitism. Nietzsche`s analysis of national identity was complex, nuanced and ambivalent. He claimed that identity was composite, hybrid, always in the process of being constructed by various experiences and encounters. In his opinion national identity is more an average level of culture, a cultural artefact, than biological identity. His fancied Polish ancestry was supposedly a part of his anti-German attitude, as he despised the German culture of his times, which advocated nationalism and racial hatred. The myth about Nietzsche's Polish roots has been rejected. Nietzsche maintained that Europe proceeds towards unification. The division into states will disappear, since both the individual and society have to overcome their national heritage. As a result of mixing different cultures a new European race will emerge. The main goal of his project of Great Politics is a superman (Übermensch), who is a cosmopolitan, because it is impossible to define him in terms of nationality. In the future, an elite of supermen will rule over the masses.
EN
The paper is a comparative analysis of the circumstances influencing symbolic spaces in four movies by Franz Weihmayr in the years 1931–1942: Dzikie Pola [Wild Fields], Halutzim, La Habanera and The Great Love. The analysis allows for delineating the development of the German cinematographer Franz Weihmayr’s career, which, in the context of historical-political and ideological-artistic circumstances, can serve as an example of a broader phenomenon: a particular fluctuation of choices made by German cinematographers over the Weimar, Nazi, and post-war periods. This analysis is of pioneering importance because of the paucity of publication heretofore dedicated to Weihmayr’s works, who at the time worked together with, among others, Leni Riefenstahl, Frank Wysbar, and Hans Detlef Sierck, as well as Polish directors, such as Józef Lejtes and Aleksander Ford. The framework for semiotic analyses of the symbolic spaces of the movies mentioned above are two groups of contexts connected with ideas stemming from contradictory bases: the idea of cosmopolitism and the idea of Nazism.
EN
Since the 1990s, a discussion on the status, significance and role of nation state has been going on in many communities. In Europe, this discussion generated the opinion that the only hope for the divided world is to create a post-national, multi-cultural and cosmopolitically liberal society. Let us, however, ask: Does not the idea of a strong nation state return with practical force in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the price war between the US and China, as well as the world’s superpowers outer space and military plans? In our current context John Paul II’s teaching is worth reminding. In the time of difficult challenges, the properly conceived patriotism propagated by the Pope should become a model of a national and civil attitude. True European politicalness is connected with the community of fate, the fruit of which should be solidarity of action in the face of real threats. John Paul II was also aware of this responsibility. Today we know that nobody will replace nation states in this process and no central institutions will substitute a civil community formed by the nation in the execution of difficult tasks. Therefore, we may only repeat after John Paul II that the future of man depends on the family and the nation.
EN
The aim of the article is to present leading theoretical considerations in the field of internationalization of anti-crisis management mechanisms. The internationalization of legal orders has become a fait accompli in the last decades. Pessimists, who in this context conclude the end of the nation-state, believe that such processes inevitably mean the destruction of state legal orders. The intensification of legislative efforts takes place especially in a crisis situation, when re-regulating in various sectors of the integrated market is to be a remedy preventing future crises and stabilizing existing disorders in a specific area of the economy. Legal theorists look at these changes more optimistically, analyzing the interaction between various normative systems in the international environment. The research problem concerns the necessity of normative solutions within the internationalized normative and institutional framework in a crisis situation. The basic research hypotheses concern: (a) the desirability of regulatory actions at the supranational / international level; (b) the inclusion of the Europeanized administrative law, which serves e.g. stabilizing markets, into the processes of legal globalization; (c) understanding the legitimacy of the activities of legislative bodies in the context of shaping a pluralistic / cosmopolitan normative order. The article is a theoretical analysis of the conceptual network used in the doctrine of European law.
EN
I ask in my article a question about the usability of some postcolonial developments in theorizing/conceptualizing Central and Eastern European cultures, nations and postcommunist transitions. I am less interested in evaluating the adequacy of such developments, and more in examining what trajectories can be forged by such redirection of postcolonial vectors. We are used to discussing the sense and productivity of given postcolonial paradigms into the Central and Eastern European contexts, however, the concomitant issue of how such inflections of postcolonialism encourage further theorization of the region in broaderglobal context remains largely untouched. While applying postcolonial paradigms to theproblems of dependence, European/Russian/Soviet imperialism, anti-communist resistance and postcommunist transformations has proved productive and truly justified, even necessary in many cases, it’s difficult not to have an impression that a crucial, larger framework is missing in such developments. For example, what challenges are posed to postcolonial studies in such uses? What particular contribution can be made in these developments to the discussions of modernity and its peripheral or alternative realizations outside the West? What possible new transnational solidarities and ecumenes does such postcolonial reconfiguration of thinking about Central and Eastern Europe promise? What forms of remembrance does it necessitate in memory cultures of late modernity? How can it challenge the Eurocentric or West-centric traits in contemporary academic and political discourses, their strategies of containment, omissions and repressions? How can a dialogue ensue from the above rather than a monologism of victimhood? These and other related questions ultimately concern the problem of locating the region in critical globalization discourses
PL
W tekście zadaję pytanie o przydatność niektórych ustaleń postkolonialnych w zakresie teoretyzacji/konceptualizacji kultur, narodów i transformacji ustrojowych w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Mniej interesuje mnie określanie adekwatności takich ustaleń, bardziej – badanie, jakie trajektorie można wytyczyć za pomocą takiego przekierowania wektorów postkolonialnych. Jesteśmy przyzwyczajeni do dyskutowania nad sensem i produktywnością dopasowywania postkolonialnych paradygmatów do Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, podczas gdy równoczesne pytanie, jak takie odmiany paradygmatów postkolonialnych zachęcają do dalszej teoretyzacji regionu w szerszym kontekście globalnym, pozostaje bez odpowiedzi. Podczas gdy aplikowanie paradygmatów postkolonialnych do problematyki zależności, europejskiego/rosyjskiego/sowieckiego imperializmu, oporu antykomunistycznegoi transformacji postkomunistycznej okazało się produktywne i w pełni uzasadnione,a nawet – w wielu przypadkach – konieczne, trudno się oprzeć wrażeniu, że tej sytuacji brakuje kluczowej, szerszej ramy. Na przykład, jakie wyzwania stawia się studiom postkolonialnym w takich kontekstach? Jaki szczególny wkład te ustalenia mogą wnieść do debat na temat nowoczesności i jej peryferyjnych albo alternatywnych realizacji poza Zachodem? Jakie szanse dla jakich potencjalnie nowych, transnarodowych wspólnot i ekumen otwiera postkolonialna rekonfiguracja w myśleniu o Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej? Jakich form upamiętniania domaga się w kulturach pamięci późnej nowoczesności? Jak może zakwestionować europocentryczne lub zachodniocentryczne tropy współczesnych akademickich i politycznych dyskursów, ich strategii zawłaszczania, pominięć i opresji? W jaki sposób dialog może zastąpić monologiczność ofiar? Te i inne połączone z nimi pytania dotyczą w ostatecznej perspektywie umieszczenia tego regionu w krytycznych dyskursach globalizacji.
EN
This article looks back to the book The Library of Henry James published in 1987 by James’s most renowned and possessive biographer Leon Edel and the biographer’s friend, the independent scholar Adeline Tintner. While Edel outlines the history of James’s book collection in his house in Great Britain, Tintner offers examples of James’s use of the trope of library in his fiction. In between the two essays, the two authors included a catalog of James’s collection in Rye, indicating the location of all the items as of 1987. This article relies on the information provided in Edel and Tintner’s book, to which little has been added since, and offers a theoretical and historical approach to the topic of library in the context of Henry James’s biography and literary heritage. The article gives theoretical ramifications to the findings of Edel and Tintner by distinguishing between the three meanings of “library:” a physical space, a cataloged collection, and a literary trope. It also juxtaposes Edel’s biographical-historical essay and Tintner’s literary analysis with the autobiography of Henry James, in which the library emerges as a place partaking of several traditions: patriarchy, the process of initiation and maturation along with social and national self-fashioning.
PL
W artykule skoncentrowano się na zbadaniu wpływu teorii kosmopolitycznej na ewolucję w pojmowaniu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. W tym celu wyjaśniono założenia kosmopolityzmu, ukazując relacje między nim a bezpieczeństwem wewnętrznym. Kluczowe zagadnienie dotyczy tego, w jaki sposób pogodzić postulaty kosmopolityzmu z założeniami bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, które w klasycznym ujęciu wiąże się z wartościami ucieleśniającymi państwo. W tym celu szukano odpowiedzi na pytania o to, jakie są współczesne podmioty bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, jakie są współczesne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego oraz w jaki sposób dziś zapewniać bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne.
EN
The article focuses on the possible impact of cosmopolitanism on the evolution of the understanding of internal security. For this purpose the key assumptions of cosmopolitanism were explained as well as the relationship between this concept and internal security was elaborated. The key issue is how to bring together the demands of cosmopolitanism with the main assumptions of internal security that in the classical sense is associated with the nation-state. Therefore, the crucial questions related to internal security were asked: internal security for whom, from what, and how?
EN
The central theme of Rachilde’s Les Hors Nature, written at the peak of French nationalism, is the confrontation between two nationalities, representing two cultures, two homelands and two personalities. The novel describes two opposite positions: a cosmopolitan one versus a traditional and historical one. Rachilde, despite her open anti-German declarations during the two World Wars, seems here inclined to much more moderate opinions. She does so in her own way, combining ideological statements with a wish to be original and provocative.
FR
Dans Les Hors Nature de Rachilde, la confrontation des deux nationalités qui signifient deux cultures, deux patries et deux caractères constitue l’axe central de ce roman, écrit au moment de la montée du nationalisme en France. Deux positions contraires sont décrites : la première relève du cosmopolitisme, dont la querelle se déroule en France précisément à cette époque, la deuxième se réclame d’une vision plus traditionnelle et historique. Rachilde, qui, à l’occasion des deux grandes guerres, manifestera bien ouvertement sa haine de l’ennemi, semble ici exprimer des opinions beaucoup plus modérées. Elle ne manque pas de le faire à sa manière, combinant aux réflexions idéologiques le désir d’originalité et de provocation.
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