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EN
This article concerns the issue of personal and situational conditions of creating in the modern organization. The method of analysis takes into account the following variables: personality, temperament, sensation seeking, locus of control, the conditions in the organization. 104 people took part in this analysis – managers and regular personnel.
EN
The article discusses Polish borderlands as a creative phenomenon. It considers their cultural and historical importance and the research that has been conducted from 1940 till today. The author uses the term „borderland“ (pogranicze) as defined by T. Bujnicki (Mechanizmy funkcjowania pogranicza kulturowego, 2006). The author explains how borderlands create important cultural situations, significant phenomena and she also proves the borderland character of Polish culture (C. Miłosz, Polskie kontrasty, 1995; Rodzinna Europa,2001; S. Bereś, Historia literatury polskiej w rozmowach, 2002). The effects of such creativity can be observed in the history and the geography of literature as well as in the biographies of artists and the problem of their identity. These effects are found in the following issues: the role of borderland as a concept in the history of literature (regarding borderland as a „centre” in the period of Romanticism, „borderland” trend in literature); process of crossing the borders and conquering the world (exemplary biographies of the artists who come from the borderland areas); the effect of „repeated biography” Miłosz­Mickiewicz; the effects of literary self­creation.
3
70%
EN
Man is a creative being. The article presents the notion of creative activity of children, as well as clarifying the notions of activity and creativeness. The paper mainly describes the ways of stimulating creative language activity in children, in particular Freinet’s method of free texts.
EN
This article reveals theoretic aspects on literary translation through the analyses of the translation of the novel  Farewell to the autumn by Polish writer Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz. It concerns  the competences  and  skills  a  translator  of literature  should  have.  Among  other topics which have been analyzed, there is the creativeness, knowledge of cultural differences, writing skills in the goal- language. The analyses prove that it’s not that simple to translate literature and that it’s a special type of translation in the typology of translations. The article presents a list of most commonly made mistakes by translators who are not yet fit to translate  literature  of  this  kind.  Translation  of  highly rated  literature  is  a  kind  of  magic, because  of  the  effect  they  produce  on  the  reader,  and  the translator  should  be  skilled  in making the magic of the words. 
EN
Liturgy is a continuation of Christ’s salutary work. The Resurrected One actualizes it in the Church and through the Church. He wants to introduce man, especially through the holy sacraments, into the mystery of His passage through death to resurrection. His salutary presence in liturgical actions happens by the power of the Holy Spirit. The Second Vatican Council’s liturgical renovation has been directed at deepening the whole God’s People’s liturgical awareness of the fact that liturgy is a place and a way of experiencing Christ’s salutary presence. It also includes rites and liturgical books. Liturgical books contain norms that concern administering particular holy sacraments. Liturgical law guards the sacred character of liturgy. It has the obliging force. It does not allow voluntary actions. However, it gives the celebrant the possibility of creating certain elements within the Eucharist celebration. The actions should be taken in the spirit of the content of liturgical texts that are included in the missal.
6
41%
ELPIS
|
2015
|
vol. 17
107-111
PL
Artykuł niniejszy jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy myśl patrystyczna porusza zagadnienie ludzkiej twórczości. Punkt wyjścia stanowi twierdzenie, że chrześcijańska refleksja (na przykładach myśli Augustyna, Kapadocczyków i Maksyma Wyznawcy) – nawet jeśli pozostaje konserwatywna i kontynuuje antyczne ujęcie sztuki jako sfery jedynie wytwórczej i mimetycznej – daje mimo to możliwość pośredniego, teologicznego przemyślenia problematyki człowieczej aktywności. Szczególnym wątkiem rozważań czynię dwuznaczność patrystycznego rozumienia terminu „nowości” (καινοτομία), który oznaczać może zarówno „heretyckie nowinkarstwo”, jak i cud Bożej stwórczości i wcielenia oraz ludzkiego twórczego chrześcijańskiego i chrystocentrycznego naśladownictwa.
EN
The paper deals with the question whether the patristic thought has to say about human creativeness. The point is that the Christian reflection (exemplified by Augustine, the Cappadocians, and Maximus the Confessor) – even though it is very conservative and continues an ancient notion of art as the field of craft and plain mimetism – provides nonetheless the indirect, theological possibility to rethink the man’s activity. The special emphasis is put on the ambigiuity in the patristic term of ‘newness’ (καινοτομία) which designates a ‘heretic novelty’, as well as a miracle both of the God’s creation and incarnation, and human creative Christian and Christocentric mimetism.
EN
Directors were central and outstanding figures in the creation of the postwar Polish film industry from the 1940s to the late 1980s. Educating young filmmakers, the Film School in Łódź fostered a documentary-realist style of narrative filmmaking, seen in the work of such talents as Munk, Wajda, Morgenstern, Polański, Zanussi, Skolimowski, Marczewski and Kieślowski. Since 1990, the producer system has replaced the traditional structure of Polish cinema connected with the director’s pursuits and primacy, and well as film units. Marek Hendrykowski’s critical study describes this process, covering selected historical, political and cultural events. The author discusses various aspects of this evolution and the idea of the creative producer, redefining its role for generations to come.
PL
A History of Polish Film Units from a present-day perspective Directors were central and outstanding figures in the creation of the postwar Polish film industry from the 1940s to the late 1980s. Educating young filmmakers, the Film School in Łódź fostered a documentary-realist style of narrative filmmaking, seen in the work of such talents as Munk, Wajda, Morgenstern, Polański, Zanussi, Skolimowski, Marczewski and Kieślowski. Since 1990, the producer system has replaced the traditional structure of Polish cinema connected with the director’s pursuits and primacy, and well as film units. Marek Hendrykowski’s critical study describes this process, covering selected historical, political and cultural events. The author discusses various aspects of this evolution and the idea of the creative producer, redefining its role for generations to come.
PL
Gwałtowny rozwój komputeryzacji przypada na drugą połowę XX w. Również w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach ubiegłego wieku pojawiły się w ustawodawstwach wielu państw szczegółowe przepisy dotyczące programów komputerowych. Tendencja ta wymusza również coraz częstsze interwencje judykatury w zakresie interpretacji regulacji programów komputerowych. Także w Polsce orzeczenia dotyczące tej materii zaczęły się pojawiać od lat dziewięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku. W prezentowanym artykule autor dokonuje krótkiej analizy rozstrzygnięć dotyczących programów komputerowych, zwłaszcza w zakresie ich charakteru i elementów składowych.
EN
The rapid development of computing has come at the second half of 20th century. Back in the last century, we can see specific rules about computer programs. From this is born the need of a balanced position of jurisprudence about computer programs. Also in Poland in the 90’s we can see the regulations about computer program. This article describes regulations in the area of computer programs.
PL
Innowacja polega na przekształcaniu pomysłów i inwencji twórczej w użyteczne dobra, usługi lub technologie. Zawiera działania o charakterze badawczym, organizacyjnym, finansowym i marketingowym. Innowacja odgrywa inną rolę w każdym etapie cyklu życia przedsiębiorstwa. Przedsiębiorstwo nastawione innowacyjnie ma zdolność do przekształcenia oryginalnej koncepcji w użyteczny wynik, umie pobudzić pracowników do kreatywności i sprostać konkurencji.
EN
Innovation consists in transformation of ideas and creative invention in useful goods, services or technologies. It contains activities of the research, organisational, financial and marketing nature. Innovation plays different roles at each stage of the enterprise’s life cycle. The innovative-focused enterprise is able to transform an original concept in a useful outcome, it can stimulate employees to creativeness and cope with competition.
RU
Инновация заключается в преобразовании идей и творческой находчивости в полезные блага, услуги или технологии. Она содержит действия исследовательского, организационного, финансового и маркетингового характера. Инновация играет иную роль на каждом этапе жизненного цикла предприятия. Предприятие с инновационным уклоном способно преобразовать оригинальную концепцию в полезный результат, умеет стимулировать сотрудников к креативности и совладеть с конкуренцией.
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