Search results

1

Etyczne aspekty kredytu

100%

Lewicka-Strzałecka A.

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 1

EN

A financial crisis of 2008 showed a global meaning of ethical dimension of the credit institution because lack of financial subjects’ responsibility is regarded as one of the causes of the world breakdown. The author attempts to reconstruct the role of credit in the society and economy, especially an evolution of its ethical aspects is analysed. It is aimed to catch and understand the phenomenon of responsibility for the effects of this institution activity which proved dramatic more and more often both for individuals and for the whole society.

2

Fundacja Ostrołęcka Taniego Kredytu z r. 1577.

80%

Rafacz J.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2012

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vol. 15

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issue 3(56)

25-37

EN

The next (29) part of the Cooperative Thought Library reminds of the article from 1937 by professor Joseph Rafacz, entitled Ostrołęka’s Foundation of Cheap Credit from the 1577, concerning one of the first well-known pious Polish banks, which was ostrołęka’s foundation established by the priest- Wawrzyniec Bialobrzeski.

3

Prawo do kredytu jako prawo człowieka

80%

Lewicka-Strzałecka A.

Prakseologia

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2010

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issue 150

289-300

EN

The experience of Grameen Bank shows that credit proved to be a very effective instrument to overcoming poverty and a central institution to create social and economic development. M. Yunus the founder of the bank and Peace Nobel Prize Laureate strongly demands to establish access to credit as a human right. The paper presents arguments both supporting and opposing this idea.

4

Bezpieczeństwo finansowe przedsiębiorstw w dobie konsolidacji sektora bankowego w Polsce

80%

Stelmarska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 2(22)

147-155

EN

Customers have experienced many banks transformations in the last decade. Changes in the banking sector occurred due to increased profitability and the desire to remain on the market banks whose financial situation has deteriorated. The consolidation of the banking sector leads to innovation and diversification of financial solutions offered to customers. Financial security should have special priority in the area of banking sector transformation. Transformation of the banking sector is going in the right direction, as it contributes to the selection of banks, which in the future will remain the market leaders ready to meet all the expectations of their clients. The main aim of this article is to draw attention to the financial security, which is one of the most important factors for choosing a bank by the trader. The purpose of this article is identification and comparison of selected sources of financing for enterprises in the banking sector and to present the factors that affect the bank choice by customer's. While analyzing the selected sources of financing: loans and leases defining the better form of investment is not easy, as each of the described form has its advantages and disadvantages. The final decision on the choice rests with the entrepreneur, who must determine which solution is more convenient for him. The author also draws attention to the public opinion towards banks. Compared to the last two years, the level of customer confidence in the banking sector is increasing, what means that, despite many changes that have occurred in the last decade, customers are willing to change and are trusting banks.

5

The situation on the credit market versus the rate of economic growth in chosen countries of East-Central Europe

80%

Mikołajczak P., Skikiewicz R.

Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie

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2016

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vol. 8

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issue 1

62-70

EN

The article concerns the comparative analysis concerning credit market situation on the background of economic growth changes in Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Hungary. The main objective of this article is to identify the similarities and differences in the economic situation of the whole economies and credits market conditions in individual countries. This relationship has been verified for each country. To determine the strength of the relationship between the dynamics of changes in the value of credits and GDP, Pearson correlation analysis was used. The basis of the analysis presented in the article was data from central banks, Central Statistical Office and Eurostat. Time horizon under investigation covered the period of 2004-2013. The results of analysis indicate that both the economic condition of entire economies, as well as the situation in the credit market remained diverse in all analyzed countries. Among the most significant similarities there was found that changes in the rate of economic growth in the analyzed countries remained at a moderate depending on the dynamics of changes in the credit market. Although the analyzed countries experienced a financial crisis, not all of them recorded a negative growth rate of GDP and credits.

6

Struktura kredytów a wahania cykliczne w Polsce

80%

Jędruchniewicz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 908

57-73

EN

The study sought to answer the question of whether the structure of loans borrowed by companies and households was consistent with the theses of the Austrian school which states that over the business cycle relative changes in the production of goods occur and depend on the degree of remoteness from the consumer goods and on their durability. In the years 2005–2011, Polish households contributed a much higher share of total loans to the real sector than did companies. However, business loans and household property loans, taken together, constituted the vast majority of all loans. The analysis conducted for those years showed that the loan structure in the 2005–2008 growth stage when compared to the 2009–2011 growth stage shows better agreement with the Austrian theory than the 2009–2011 growth stage (especially its initial part). This is evident in the change of the loan structure by entities and sectors.

7

Instytucjonalno-prawne aspekty działalności SKOK

80%

Jurkowska A., Owsiak K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 862

5-26

EN

Because the Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions (SKOK) has grown so rapidly over the past decade, it now boasts a network of branches that is denser than the country’s largest national retail bank PKO BP SA. The wording of the act on SKOK enables it to carry out a range of operations that are normally the sole provenance of banks, while in the existing legal order credit unions are not subject to bank regulations or financial supervision. The aim of the article is to present the history of the development and evolution of the legal framework of SKOK in the light of global trends and to show the fundamental consequences of implementing the directive on payment services for the future place of this institution in the architecture of the Polish financial system.

8

Redukcja kosztów w razie przedterminowej spłaty kredytu konsumenckiego

80%

Langer M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2020

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issue 2(66)

206-213

EN

In a situation of a customer’s demands a cost reduction from the creditor in the case of an early repayment of a consumer credit, for proper assessment of the case, the position of the CJEU adopted in the judgment of 2019 regarding the interpretation of directive on credit agreements for consumers should be taken into account, as well as the expiry of the deadline in 2010 transposing the provisions of this Directive. Based on the analysis, the author states that the interpretation of the provisions of the Consumer Credit Act, which is incompatible with the conclusions of the CJEU’s judgment, is not binding. Thus, starting from 11 June 2010, creditors are obliged to reduce all costs included in the total cost of a consumer credit in case of its early repayment by the customer.

9

Credit volatility and productivity growth

80%

Brzozowski M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 2

215-232

EN

Research background: The issues of finance-growth nexus and financial instability have attracted considerable attention, but have been studied in isolation. This paper aims at filling this gap by providing insights into the implications of financial instability for long term productivity growth. Purpose of the article: This paper sheds light on the relationship between credit-to-GDP ratio volatility and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate. The impact of systemic banking crises and financial depth on productivity growth is also studied. Methods: The System GMM estimation of panel data for over 100 countries and spanning the period of 1970-2009 is used. The decomposition of credit-to-GDP ratio into trend and cyclical component is performed using the Hodrick-Prescott filter and a regression analysis with country-specific intercepts and slopes. The data on TFP comes from the Penn World Tables database. Findings & Value added: TFP growth is negatively affected by credit volatility, mainly in less technologically advanced countries, while financial depth exerts a negative influence on TFP growth in economies with superior technology. Systemic banking crises and the concomitant credit crunches have a negative impact on productivity growth, regardless of the level of technological development. Moreover, the level of human capital, patents and globalization fuel productivity growth. Macroeconomic instability, measured by the rate of inflation, hampers TFP growth.

10

Skutki prawne zaciągania przez samorządy terytorialne kredytów konsolidacyjnych w świetle obowiązujących regulacji ustawy o finansach publicznych wraz z oceną możliwości dokonania zmian w tym zakresie

80%

Dzwonkowski H.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2018

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issue 3(59)

188-197

EN

Within the current state of law, all activities related to contracting a consolidation credit must be included as a revenue and expenditure in the budgetary resolution of a local self-government unit, at the same time affecting the amount of an individual debt ratio. There is no legal basis for directing instructions to the Regional Audit Chambers to change an interpretation of the currently binding legal norms. An amendment to the Act on Public Finances is in the process of drafting, aiming at making possible for local self-government entities to restructure debt through, inter alia, repayment of the existing debt with a new, more favorable consolidation debt.

11

Pecunia pecuniam parere non potest? O pieniądzu kredytowym w Rzymie okresu późnej republiki. Zarys problemu

70%

Wyrwińska K.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 1

Wyrwińska

EN

The deliberations presented in the article have been devoted to the functioning of the institution of “credit money” at the time of the late Roman Republic. In the modern times, the concept of “credit money” refers to receivables which a natural or a legal person is entitled to and which may serve to acquire goods or services. An analysis of the sources from the period of the Late Roman Republic allows one to conclude that the purchase and sale of receivables for the purpose of settling accounts was known to the Romans, and moreover, it allows one to study the phenomenon of the extent of the use of “credit money” during that time. It is particularly Cicero’s “Letters” which indicate that non-cash settlement of transactions was commonly resorted to particularly when using metal coins was difficult or even impossible due to the high value of the negotiated transaction. Taking into consideration the necessity of ensuring security to this type of transactions, it is impossible to ignore the role of bankers as professional intermediaries who were responsible for creating the right conditions enabling one to make payments at a distance

12

The role of the Lendtech sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion

70%

Waliszewski K., Cichowicz E., Gębski Ł., Kliber F., Kubiczek J., Niedziółka P., Solarz M., Warchlewska A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2023

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vol. 14

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issue 2

609-643

EN

Research background: According to the World Bank (2020), about 60% of adults in developing countries do not use formal financial services. Furthermore, according to the Polish Association of Loan Institutions (2022), about 3 million Poles use loans, most of them obtained online. Among the reasons for more than a decade of growth of interest in the non-bank consumer lending market there are the development of modern technology applications in finance and the establishment of the Lendtech sector. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the paper is to verify the role played by the Lendtech (LT) sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion. The following research questions were asked: Do credit-excluded households take advantage of LT services and, if so, to what extent? What are the behaviours and preferences of those who use consumer credit offered by LT? Do socio-demographic characteristics determine consumer use of loans offered by LT and, if so, what are they? Is the use of loans offered by LT due to credit exclusion or other factors? What action should be taken by participants in the digital consumer loan market interested in its inclusive direction? Methods: The paper uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and nonparametric regression algorithm: k-nearest neighbors, as well as inductive inference methods. The data used is primary in nature and comes from a nationwide survey, September 2022 (CAWI method) of 1,200 Poles, of whom 200 respondents are Lendtech customers. The quota selection applied made it possible to reflect characteristics corresponding to the population of customers of lending institutions registered in BIK databases. Findings & value added: The article is a pioneering study based on an independent scientific survey, devoted to the Polish LT services market considered in terms of its relationship with one of the types of financial exclusion: credit exclusion. The most important conclusion is that people at risk of credit exclusion find a financing substitute in the LT sector, and thus it plays an important role in reducing financial exclusion, while maintaining the principle of creditworthiness verification.

13

Zabezpieczenie spłaty kredytu poręczeniem za przyszły dług kredytowy

70%

Malinowski P.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2011

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vol. IX

25-36

EN

The author discusses one of the legal forms of securing repayment of a bank credit, that is the guarantee granted for a future credit debt. Hence, the author points to the essence of a credit and a credit agreement, guarantee, as well as supplies some characteristics of the guarantee for the future credit debt, the scope of responsibility of the guarantor. In the paper, he also discusses cases resulting in expiry of the responsibility that has been commented on.

14

Economic Exclusion as a Predictor of Cascade Exclusion: A Case Study of Loan Companies in Poland

70%

Jakubowska-Branicka I., Grochowski M.

Polish Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 208

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issue 4

459-476

EN

This paper discusses the results of two empirical research projects on consumer micro-loans in Poland recently conducted at the Institute of Applied Social Sciences (University of Warsaw) and the Institute of Justice. The text summarizes the main findings of both studies and focuses on their main common thread: the various dimensions of social exclusion among average consumers who enter the loan market. The text argues that individuals who take consumer loans usually experience financial exclusion, which in turn prevents them from obtaining the cheaper credit available from banks. At the same time, by entering the loan market individuals de facto exclude themselves from effective legal protection (from courts and administrative bodies), which should be provided as an element of the rule of law in a democratic state. Building on these premises, the concept of “cascade exclusion” is proposed as an analytical framework for theses on interrelated dimensions of exclusion.

15

Selected Methods of Credit Risk Evaluation

70%

Szczukocka A., University of Łódź C. o. S. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2004

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vol. 175

EN

Over the last few years credit risk and its minimalization have been widely discussed. Therefore the problem of credit risk and methods of its evaluation seem to be quite important. In the article there were presented various models of credit risk using statistic information and they ware shortly characterized. It should be emphasized that the discussed methods in many cases situations can make it easier to take difficult credit decisions.

16

Działalność Państwowego Banku Rolnego w Generalnej Guberni

70%

Kłusek M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2013

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vol. 16

227-238

EN

In this article we try to estimate the activity of the banking institution in the General Government which used the pre-war apparatus of The National Bank of Agriculture. The bank was one ofthe largest banks realising the aim delineated by the government of the Second Polish Republic, such as the support of agricultural reform in the mid-war period. German authorities in the General Government used assets of the bank for other tasks. They were eager to use The National Bank of Agriculture and the Polish staff employed in the bank in order to liquidate fast and effectively the mid-war assets of the bank. Leaving The National Bank of Agriculture was also good for Polish staff in the bank. Raising pre-war debts was the only way to guarantee salary and pensions forthe employees of the National Bank of Agriculture and taking care of them in the hard life of occupation. The activity of the National Bank of Agriculture in the General Government was also profitable for a part of debtors as they could pay the pre-war credits earlier. One reason for agriculture farms becoming poorer and even ruined was war actions and the occupation. However, the farmers could save money and gather capital more easily. When they often sold food in secret, they got a large amount of money. In many cases, paying back the pre-war debt was the only reasonable way of getting rid of almost valueless money, although it did not mean that it was done without doubts. In the beginning, many people claimed that they would give it back to whom they had borrowed from. However, after a while the patriotism of farmers who were debtors was overcome by the willingness to have no debts and leave children in a new condition. The period of German occupation and increasing inflation was used for paying back the debt in valueless money, not only by farmers but also by owners of the large mansions such as Earl Adam Branicki.

17

Credit activities of cooperative banks in Poland

61%

Anna B., Paweł K.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2017

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issue 1(43)

35-44

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the lending activities of cooperative banks in Poland in the years 2010– 2014, in a size of banks. Elaboration is a review, based on the data of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. Research indicates that the value of own funds of the cooperative banks was reflected in both the volume of lending, and in the structure of loans. Banks with capital of 5 million euro loans for primarily farmers, individuals, and individual entrepreneurs. In turn, the banks with capital of more than 5 million euro were most involved in the financing of small and medium enterprises and individual farmers. Regardless of the size of banks, the most important in lending loans were investment and operating

PL

Celem pracy była analiza działalności kredytowej banków spółdzielczych w Polsce w latach 2010–2014, w układzie wielkości banków wyznaczonej przez wartość funduszy własnych. Opracowanie ma charakter przeglądowy, oparty na danych Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że wartość funduszy własnych banków spółdzielczych przekładała się zarówno na wielkość akcji kredytowej, jak i na strukturę kredytów według podmiotów. Banki o kapitałach do 5 mln euro w największym stopniu kredytowały rolników indywidualnych, osoby prywatne oraz przedsiębiorców indywidualnych. Z kolei banki o kapitałach powyżej 5 mln euro najbardziej zaangażowane były w kredytowanie małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw oraz rolników indywidualnych. Niezależnie od wielkości banków największe znaczenie w akcji kredytowej miały kredyty inwestycyjne i operacyjne, a największe problemy z obsługą zadłużenia miały duże przedsiębiorstwa, firmy z sektora MSP oraz przedsiębiorcy indywidualni.

18

Examining the eefct of credit on monetary policy with Markov regime switching: Evidence from Turkey

61%

İlhan A.

Economics and Business Review

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2022

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vol. 8

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issue 4

68-87

EN

This paper analyses the effect of credit on monetary policy responses for different regimes in Turkey. To do so, the Taylor rule augmented with the credit gap is estimated by using a Markov regime switching model from January 2006 to December 2019. The empirical findings identify two regimes: the low- and high-interest rate regimes. The prevalence of the former indicates policy authorities’ growth priorities. Furthermore, differing responses across the regimes reflect that the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey has an asymmetric policy stance. In the low-interest rate regime, the monetary policy only significantly responds to inflation. In the high-interest rate regime, both inflation and credit have significant positive impacts on interest rate setting. This indicates that credit conditions affected the tightening of the monetary policy stance in Turkey despite the use of macroprudential tools after the global financial crisis.

19

The impact of the banking sector on economic growth in Poland – an econometric analysis

61%

Bukowski S. I., Kraczkowski M.

Central European Review of Economics & Finance

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 3

5-12

EN

The paper analyses the impact of the banking sector on economic growth in Poland. The aim of the paper was to analyse if the banking sector has a significant effect on economic growth in the case of Poland. Hence, the following hypothesis was formulated: there is a statistically significant relation between the development of the banking sector and economic growth in Poland. On the basis of the applied econometric methods, it has been possible to demonstrate that the banking sector?s development has an economically and statistically significant impact on economic growth in Poland.

20

Pożyczka pozabankowa w finansowaniu działalności gospodarczej w Polsce

61%

Grzywacz J., Korzeniewska B.

Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów

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2020

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issue 177

9-26

EN

Many businesses experience difficulties in access to capital needed to finance their activities. That is particularly true of enterprises with sometimes adverse credit history, unable to properly secure the loan, two aspects of crucial importance to get capital from traditional sources. Such enterprises usually use their own resources to finance their business which, however, are not always sufficient. This is why entrepreneurs, often driven by the wish to maintain liquidity, are forced to turn to the alternative lending market. One of the forms of such financing is a non-bank loan, much easier to get due to the absence of burdensome formalities and detailed examination of creditworthiness. The paper attempts to identify reasons why, despite an extremely rich credit offer of banks, entrepreneurs are increasingly more interested in the services of lending institutions.

PL

Znaczna liczba przedsiębiorstw napotyka trudności w dostępie do kapitału na finansowanie działalności. Szczególnie dotyka to przedsiębiorstw, które nie zawsze posiadają odpowiednią historię kredytową i dysponują wystarczającym zabezpieczeniem, co jest podstawą do pozyskania kapitału z tradycyjnych źródeł. Przedsiębiorstwa w głównej mierze wykorzystują do finansowania swojej działalności kapitał własny, jednak nie zawsze środki te są wystarczające. Dlatego przedsiębiorcy, często dla zachowania płynności finansowej, zmuszeni są do poszukiwania alternatywnych źródeł finansowania. Jedną z form takiego finansowania jest pożyczka pozabankowa, którą znacznie łatwiej uzyskać ze względu na brak uciążliwych formalności i szczegółowego weryfikowania zdolności kredytowej. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania przyczyn wzrostu zainteresowania przedsiębiorców usługami firm pożyczkowych, pomimo nader bogatej oferty kredytowej banków.

Refine search results

Etyczne aspekty kredytu

Fundacja Ostrołęcka Taniego Kredytu z r. 1577.

Prawo do kredytu jako prawo człowieka

Bezpieczeństwo finansowe przedsiębiorstw w dobie konsolidacji sektora bankowego w Polsce

The situation on the credit market versus the rate of economic growth in chosen countries of East-Central Europe

Struktura kredytów a wahania cykliczne w Polsce

Instytucjonalno-prawne aspekty działalności SKOK

Redukcja kosztów w razie przedterminowej spłaty kredytu konsumenckiego

Credit volatility and productivity growth

Skutki prawne zaciągania przez samorządy terytorialne kredytów konsolidacyjnych w świetle obowiązujących regulacji ustawy o finansach publicznych wraz z oceną możliwości dokonania zmian w tym zakresie

Pecunia pecuniam parere non potest? O pieniądzu kredytowym w Rzymie okresu późnej republiki. Zarys problemu

The role of the Lendtech sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion

Zabezpieczenie spłaty kredytu poręczeniem za przyszły dług kredytowy

Economic Exclusion as a Predictor of Cascade Exclusion: A Case Study of Loan Companies in Poland

Selected Methods of Credit Risk Evaluation

Działalność Państwowego Banku Rolnego w Generalnej Guberni

Credit activities of cooperative banks in Poland

Examining the eefct of credit on monetary policy with Markov regime switching: Evidence from Turkey