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1
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Youth unemployment and crime: an empirical investigation for Turkey

100%
Tunca H., Gulel F. E.
Managerial Economics
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2019
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vol. 20
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issue 1
27-42
EN
The crime economy has lately become a popular field of research because of regular increases in crime rates. Economists’ interest in crime analysis goes back to Becker’s (1968) model. “Cost-benefit” analysis determined the crime preferences of rational individuals in this model. According to this analysis, if the benefit from the crime is higher than the cost to be faced, the individual will be willing to commit the crime. One of the factors studied in the crime phenomenon is migration. The main reason for migration is unemployment and poverty. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime rates by migration-receiving regions. By this purpose, aggregated crime rates, as well as non-aggregated crime rates (property crime, theft, and violent crime), were used. Also, the youth unemployment rate has been subdivided by gender differences and educational levels. We prefer to use spatial econometrics models in this study because of the unemployment rate, and crime rate showing the regional cluster pattern. Migration-receiving is considered as regions neighboring.
2
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The Impact of International and European Law on the Development of Environmental Protection Through Criminal Law in Poland

100%
Łyżwa R.
Internal Security
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2019
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vol. 11(1)
49-63
EN
The issue of environmental protection through criminal law is primarily associated with the fight against the most serious attacks on the environment. The progressive degradation of natural ecosystems, which is an important consequence of the development of human civilisation, has shown that one of the most important challenges of modern man is to provide the environment with adequate and effective protection. It should be emphasized that although the main burden of such protection is implemented through administrative law and to a lesser degree through civil law instruments, the use of criminal law in environmental protection as an ultima ratio of this protection has proved to be absolutely necessary. Legal regulations regarding the criminal law protection of the environment in Poland have gone a long way in terms of development. It should be emphasized, however, that the shape and development of criminal law protection of the environment in Poland has been significantly influenced by European legislation, which was obviously related to Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and international law, in particular the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, signed on March 3, 1973 in Washington, DC, and the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, which was opened for signature in Basel on March 22, 1989. The article presents the most important issues related to the impact of European and international law on the development of environmental protection through criminal law in Poland.
3

Pozyskanie tajnego współpracownika przez służby kontrwywiadowcze na podstawie materiałów obciążających — rozważania o sensie instytucji

88%
Trzciński M.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2019
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vol. 51
103-122
PL
Próba oceny nowych rozwiązań w zakresie karnoprawnej ochrony dziedzictwa kultury
EN
New solutions in the field of cultural heritage protection law: an assessment
4
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Social Non-Economic Effects of Education on The Level of Crime

88%
Hronec Š., Mikušová Meričková B., Hroncová Vicianová J.
The New Educational Review
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2014
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vol. 38
43-56
EN
The aim of the study is to quantitatively analyze and confirm the existence of a relationship of direct and indirect dependence between the number of crimes committed, or the number of persons sentenced, as the case may be, and selected factors such as expenditure on education, educational structure of population, average length of study and unemployment rate (which is directly related to education). Fulfilment of the aim assumes validation of the research assumption in the form of a hypothesis, the source of the hypothesis being partial theories of a relationship between education and crime. The hypothesis assumes the existence of a relationship of mutual direct non-linear and linear dependence between selected factors. The object of quantitative analysis is a sample from 15 EU countries. The key methods of scientific research are the methods of classification analysis, comparison and abstraction in the formation of a theoretical and methodological framework for addressing the issue; methods of quantitative analysis using statistical methods for processing and evaluation of information in validation of the hypothesis in the application section of the study and methods of synthesis and partial induction in drawing conclusions of the research. Specification of education as the public sector branch of key importance from the viewpoint of society development by public investments for its protection from sociopathic behaviours and particularly crime is an expected benefit. The contribution is an output of the sub-project KEGA 037 UMB - 4/2013 Innovative Study Programme Social Economy and Entrepreneurship.
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Próba oceny nowych rozwiązań w zakresie karnoprawnej ochrony dziedzictwa kultury

88%
Trzciński M.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2019
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vol. 51
103-122
EN
In the years 2017–2018, new regulations appeared in the system of criminal legal protection of cultural heritage. It seems that some of them should significantly strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, in particular the increasing of penalties for the destruction of monuments, as well as the determination that carrying out searches for monuments without appropriate permission is treated as a crime since 2018. Unfortunately, the significant dispersion of criminal laws and the lack of an appropriate chapter in the penal code which would refer to crime against cultural heritage is still a serious drawback of the functioning system.
6
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European approach to combat environmental crime: legal and institutional aspects

75%
Klimek L.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 1
57-77
EN
The paper deals with European legal approach to combat environmental crime. It is divided into three sections. The first section analyses its legal framework, namely the Convention on the Protection of Environment through Criminal Law of 1998, the Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through criminal law and the Directive 2005/35/EC on ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements. The second section is focused on crimes and sanctions as defined by mentioned documents. The last third section briefly introduces European networks and agencies combating environmental crime, namely the European Network against Environmental Crime and the European Maritime Safety Agency.
7
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Criminal Liability for Crimes Against Humanity as a Problem of International Law

75%
Diallo B. S.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
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2019
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vol. 9
77-83
EN
The article sets out the nature, the history and the general structure of the crime against humanity and provides a comprehensive analytical commentary of the elements of such crimes as a problem of international law. The contextual element determines that crimes against humanity involve either large-scale violence in relation to the number of victims or its extension over a broad geographic area (widespread), or a methodical type of violence (systematic). This excludes random, accidental or isolated acts of violence. In addition, Article 7(2) (a) of the Rome Statute determines that crimes against humanity must be committed in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit an attack. The plan or policy does not need to be explicitly stipulated or formally adopted and can, therefore, be inferred from the totality of the circumstances. In contrast with genocide, crimes against humanity do not need to target a specific group. Instead, the victim of the attack can be any civilian population, regardless of its affiliation or identity.
8
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Amendments to Chinese Criminal Law Concerning Intellectual Property Crimes

75%
Łągiewska M.
Azja-Pacyfik
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2022
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issue XXV
29-41
EN
Chinese authorities have taken decisive steps to tackle violations of intellectual property (IP) rights in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The National People’s Congress (NPC) adopted a new amendment to China’s criminal law on December 26, 2020. These regulations entered into force on March 1, 2021. The article aims to draw attention to the recent developments and ways to fight against the IP infringement in China. The study focuses on the IP courts in China and then analyzes the recent amendment to Chinese criminal law. Therefore, it is based on the descriptive and dogmatic methods. The article seeks to answer the question of whether the regulations are effective and significantly prevent the spread of IP infringements in China. It brings us to the conclusion that China’s accession to the WTO was a turning point that influenced the development and the improvement of domestic IP regime. Hence, China became a country with complex, multifaceted, and contentious environment regarding IP rights. One of the most significant changes concern the establishment of IP courts across China. It is too early to determine whether these solutions are effective due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in China.
9
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Przestępstwa przeciwko ochronie informacji. Wybrane zagadnienia prawno-materialne i kryminologiczne

75%
Czakowski M.
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
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2021
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vol. 16
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issue 18 (2)
7-23
EN
In the 21st century, the security of each country is related to ensuring that access to certain information essential for its functioning is limited. Therefore, information protection systems are created. In the modern world, information accompanies man at every stage of his activity, be it of a professional or private nature. Information is processed and recorded in various forms, ranging from oral, written in the traditional dimension, to the form using electronic means. Therefore, the overriding objectives of the state include ensuring adequate protection of information, i.e. information security. In the Polish legal system, the concept of classified information, pursuant to Article 1(1) of the Act of 5 August 2010 on the protection of classified information applies to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which would cause or could cause damage to the Republic of Poland or would be unfavorable from the point of view of its interests, also during their development and regardless of the form and manner of their expression. On the other hand, the authorities and public officials as well as other indicated entities are liable under the provisions of Chapter XXXIII of the Penal Code, entitled “Offenses against the protection of information” (Article 265-269c).
PL
W XXI w. bezpieczeństwo każdego państwa związane jest z zapewnieniem ograniczenia dostępu do pewnych informacji istotnych dla jego funkcjonowania. Dlatego też tworzone są systemy ochrony informacji. We współczesnym świecie informacja towarzyszy człowiekowi na każdym etapie jego aktywności, czy to o charakterze zawodowym, bądź też w wymiarze prywatnym. Informacja podlega przetwarzaniu oraz utrwalaniu w różnorodnych formach, począwszy od formy ustnej, pisemnej w tradycyjnym wymiarze, po formę z zastosowaniem środków elektronicznych. Do nadrzędnych celów państwa zaliczyć należy zatem zapewnienie należytej ochrony informacji, tj. bezpieczeństwa informacji. W polskim systemie prawa pojęcie informacji niejawnych, zgodnie z art. 1 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 5 sierpnia 2010 r. o ochronie informacji niejawnych dotyczy informacji, których nieuprawnione ujawnienie spowodowałoby lub mogłoby spowodować szkody dla Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej albo z punktu widzenia jej interesów byłoby niekorzystne, także w trakcie ich opracowywania oraz niezależnie od formy i sposobu ich wyrażania. Natomiast organy oraz funkcjonariusze publiczni, a także inne wskazane podmioty ponoszą odpowiedzialność na podstawie przepisów rozdziału XXXIII Kodeksu karnego zatytułowanego ,,Przestępstwa przeciwko ochronie informacji” (art. 265-269c).
10
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Súdna a disciplinárna prax v Ukrajinskej povstaleckej armáde (1943 – 1947)

75%
Antoniuk J., Iľnycʼkyj V.
Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy
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2021
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vol. 24
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issue 1
136-142
EN
The article analyzes the functioning principles of judicial and disciplinary practice in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). It was discovered that the practice started in the summer of 1943 in Volyn and Western Polissya. At the end of that same year, the insurgent judicial system spread to Galicia as well as the neighboring territories of eastern Poland and Slovakia. It was proven that the main judicial and disciplinary bodies in the UPA units were the «Field Courts». At the commander’s initiative, they convened for every sotnia. The verdicts were passed on the basis of the «Disciplinary Statute», which was used in conditions of the special period of armed liberation struggle. The crimes in it were divided into light and serious. The accused were executed for the latter ones. The verdict was approved by the commander of the relevant insurgent unit. The light offenses were mostly dealt with by the «Cossack courts». They were convened by the commanders of the insurgent units in the case of: drunkenness, non-compliance with the order without serious consequences, minor thefts. The sentences were: sending to «punitive divisions», «punitive arrest», «beating with sticks» in front of the rank, «rack under a gun» or «falling on the ground» on command. In the event the crime was repetitive, the punishment was intensified.
11
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Влияние современных форм девиантного поведенияна общественные аспекты безопасности

63%
Polyakova I.
De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności
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2021
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issue 1(7)
106-124
EN
The author makes an attempt to describe the problem of developing the concept of risk assessment of people’s deviant online behavior; especially regarding children and young adults in social networks. The article emphasises risk factors, vulnerability, and deviant patterns in the context of such phenomena as aggressive, asocial, auto-aggressive, self-mutilating, suicidal, risk-taking and victim online behavior. Such behavioural disorders that mostly derive from “New digital reality”, definitely influence public security aspects and threaten the social sustainability. The novelty of the article is in an analysis of the spheres of social life where the government should adapt legislation to the new realities of Russian society, so as to decrease and prevent both deviant and delinquent behaviour.
RU
Автор предпринимает попытку описать концепцию оценки рисков развития девиантного поведения людей, особенно детей и подростков под влиянием активного использования цифрового пространства. Статья подчеркивает ключевые факторы риска, уязвимость пользователей Интернета к его воздействию на их психику, паттерны девиантного поведения людей в концепции таких феноменов как агрессия, асоциальное поведение, аутоагрессия, членовредительство, суициды, неоправданно рискованное и виктимное поведение. Такие расстройства социального поведения в значительной степени являются результатом новой цифровой реальности, определенно влияют на общественную безопасность и угрожают ее стабильности. Новизна статьи заключается в подходе автора предпринять анализ тех сфер социальной жизни, в которых правительство может адаптировать законодательство к новым реалиям Российского общества с целью снизить и предотвратить проявления девиантного и делинквентного поведения современных людей.
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Instytucja ciągu przestępstw po 1 lipca 2015 r.

63%
Górski A.
Studia Iuridica
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2017
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vol. 69
131-148
PL
The institution of series of crimes regulates the situation of coincidence of crimes which are connected in a specific way. This connections are ground for different penalty – one penalty for all crimes. The amendment of criminal law, conducted in 2015, made changes also in the chapter IX of the polish criminal code and modified provision 91. The legislator decided to replace some premises. The premise of a similar way of committing a crime was replaced by the premise of using the same opportunity. The amendment also modified a demand of an identical criminal qualification for all crimes covered by the institution of series of crimes. Since then, the demand of an identity has been applied to a provision which is the basis of penalty size. The aim of this paper is to discuss the changes conducted in 2015 and evaluate the whole institution of series of crimes.
13
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Social Determinants of Crime and Hatred Incidents at Mass Sports Events in Poland

62%
Jarczewski W., Bogdalski P.
Przegląd Strategiczny
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2019
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issue 12
215-231
PL
Przestępczość i nienawiść mają swoją ugruntowaną pozycję w przestrzeni imprez masowych organizowanych w Polsce. Najtrudniejsza sytuacja dotyczy rozgrywek piłki nożnej, zwłaszcza szczebla krajowego. Mimo zmian prawnych i wielu przedsięwzięć podejmowanych przez kluby, Policję i inne instytucje, sytuacja nie ulega zmianie, co więcej pojawiają się symptomy jej pogarszania. Niezwykle niepokojące jest to, że te nieformalne grupy tworzą struktury funkcjonujące na zasadach charakterystycznych dla przestępczości zorganizowanej. Przedmiotem badań niniejszej publikacji były zjawiska przestępczości i nienawiści pojawiające sięw przestrzeni imprez masowych organizowanych w Polsce, celem natomiast określenie przyczyn i przedstawienie wniosków dotyczących koniecznych działań, na podstawie analizy, dokonanej przez pryzmat statystyk i dokumentów sprawozdawczych. Wykorzystano metody charakterystyczne dla badań o profilu teoretycznym, przywołano też wyniki badań ankietowych prowadzonych w 2014 r. Podstawowe problemy badawcze dotyczyły poszukiwania odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: –  Czy determinacja działań Policji w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa turnieju finałowego EURO 2012 przyniosła uspokojenie nastrojów i poprawę bezpieczeństwa w obszarze imprez masowych? –  Jak przedstawia się obecnie skala przestępczości, czynów chuligańskich oraz zbiorowych naruszeń bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego w związku z organizowanymi imprezami masowymi w Polsce? –  Czy działania w tym obszarze mają charakter systemowych, trwałych i konsekwentnych rozwiązań? Hipoteza zakładała: że, mimo podejmowania, przez organy bezpieczeństwa publicznego, szeroko zakrojonych działań, stan przestępczości i głęboko zakorzeniona nienawiść, do zidentyfikowanych przeciwników klubowych i ideologicznych, są ciągle znakiem rozpoznawczym środowisk kibolskich uczestniczących w części imprez masowych w Polsce. Brak kontynuacji dobrych rozwiązań, dostrzeganie problemu jedynie przez pryzmat zaistniałych incydentów, brak części danych statystycznych dających możliwość przygotowania precyzyjnych analiz naukowych, każą zachować umiar w przewidywaniu pozytywnych zmian w tej wąskiej przestrzeni bezpieczeństwa publicznego.
EN
Crime and hatred have been a permanent part of mass events organized in Poland. The situation is the most difficult in the case of football matches, especially at the national level. Despite legal changes and many measures adopted by sports clubs, the police and other institutions, not only has the situation not changed but there are symptoms of its deterioration. It is extremely worrying that these informal groups form structures that operate following the principles characteristic of organized crime. The subject of study in this article are the phenomena of crime and hatred occurring at mass events organized in Poland; its purpose is to identify the causes and present conclusions regarding necessary actions, based on an analysis of statistics and reports. Methods characteristic of theoretical studies have been employed developing this study, as well as the results of surveys conducted in 2014. The basic research problems involve finding answers to the following questions: –  Did the determination of police in ensuring the safety of the EURO 2012 final tournament calm the mood and improve security of mass events? –  What is the current scale of crime, hooligan acts and collective violations of security and public order in relation to mass events organized in Poland today? –  Are the solutions in this area systemic, durable and consistent?The hypothesis was that, although public security authorities have been implementing a wide range of measures, crime and deep-rooted hatred towards enemy clubs and ideological opponents continue to be a hallmark of football fan circles and thus of some mass events organized in Poland. The inconsistent continuation of good practices adopted in the past, perceiving the problem only in terms of isolated incidents, and the lack of statistics that would help to prepare precise scientific analyses, all require moderation in predicting positive changes in this narrow area of public security.
14
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Analiza psychologiczna ustosunkowania osób dorosłych wobec penalizacji wybranych przestępstw pod kątem właściwości społeczno-demograficznych i poziomu empatii

51%
Sygit-Kowalkowska E., Kraszkiewicz K.
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
|
2014
|
vol. 24
171-194
PL
Postawy społeczne wobec karalności za wybrane przestępstwa są tematem licznych badań. Wskazują one jasno na określone ustosunkowanie obywateli wobec wymiaru kary, z punktu widzenia ich zasadności i sprawiedliwości. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu przeanalizowanie pod kątem psychologicznym współzależności między zmiennymi o charakterze demograficznym, społecznym i emocjonalnym a ustosunkowaniem wobec penalizacji wybranych przestępstw. Wyniki pokazały, że kobiety mają średnio wyższe nasilenie stopnia empatii, ogólnie częściej postawę rygorystyczną, w tym za przestępstwo dzieciobójstwa. Osoby o najwyższych średnich wynikach w teście Kwestionariusza Rozumienia Empatycznego, prezentowały średnio częściej postawę bardziej rygorystyczną, niż jest to przewidziane w prawie karnym. Pewne kategorie przestępstw: 1) gwałtu ze szczególnym okrucieństwem, 2) zabójstwa ze szczególnym okrucieństwem, 3) propagowania lub pochwalania zachowań pedofilskich, 4) przymuszania do prostytucji, jednogłośnie zostały ocenione jako niezasługujące na łagodniejszy niż przewidywany, wymiar kary. Istnieje potrzeba dalszych analiz, które wskazywałyby, w jaki sposób cechy indywidualne człowieka decydują o wyborze kary w obliczu oceny czyjegoś bezprawnego zachowania.
EN
There is a bulk of research on social attitudes to the penalization of selected crimes. Studies clearly show that citizens tend to adopt a specific attitude to penalties, which is conditioned by their appropriateness and fairness. The aim of our study was to analyze, in psychological terms, the relation between demographic, social and emotional variables and the attitude adopted towards the incrimination of some illegal acts. The results show generally higher empathy levels and stricter attitudes among women, especially to infanticide. Individuals with the highest average results in the EUQ (Empathic Understanding Questionnaire) displayed on average a more rigorous attitude than the one specified by the criminal code. For certain categories of crimes, such as: 1) rape with extreme cruelty; 2) murder with extreme cruelty; 3) dissemination and welcome of pedophile activity; and 4) forced prostitution, there was a unanimous agreement that penalties should not be less than those already set forth in legislation. There is a need for further analyses to demonstrate how the individual’s specific characteristic may influence their choice of penalty when faced with the task of assessing an illegal behavior.
15
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Droga do Norymbergi. Geneza sądowych rozliczeń ze zbrodniami III Rzeszy

51%
Machcewicz P.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2015
|
issue 1(25)
79-111
EN
The Road to Nuremberg. The Genesis of Judiciary Settling Accounts with Crimes of the Third Reich The first reported court trials for war crimes concerned offenses committed during the American Civil War (1861–1865). After World War I, the victorious nations of the Entente attempted to put the former German Emperor Wilhelm II and other German military leaders responsible for particularly drastic crimes. The former ruler took refuge in the Netherlands, which refused to extradite him, and the Reich Tribunal in Leipzig held a number of trials under heavy pressure from the victorious coalition. The majority of them led to acquittals or exceptionally short sentences, which resulted in the Leipzig process being labelled a travesty of justice; during World War II the allies regarded it as a negative experience which they should avoid repeating at all costs. During the period 1919–1920 several dozen trials concerning the slaughter of Armenians were held in Turkey by Turkish and British authorities, but they were equally inadequate for the scale of the crimes committed involving the murder of almost a million people. The anti-Hitler coalition thus could not draw on any real examples from the past when seeking to account for the crimes of the Third Reich and its allies, nor were there any international legal regulations or institutional solutions that they could look to. The first action taken to document the crimes committed in occupied countries were undertaken by governments-in-exile in London, primarily that of the Republic of Poland. It was pressure from that as well as other governments as well as others which led to the formation of the War Crimes Commission in October 1943, which developed a new legal concept and category: crimes against humanity. It turned out to be key in enforcing liability for crimes against civilians; it was invoked during the Nuremberg trials, and is also applied in many contemporary criminal proceedings. The first joint Allied commitment to prosecuting war crimes was the Moscow Declaration of 1 November 1943, but even after its adoption there were serious disagreements among the allies as to how this should be done. Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was opposed to the creation of an international tribunal, citing the different legal systems of the Allies and the fiasco of the Leipzig trials following World War I; he was a supporter of summarily executing the leaders of the Third Reich and fascist Italy. The legal framework of the post-war trials was only developed during the closing months of the war, with American politicians and lawyers playing a key role. Their contribution was to base the most important post-war trials on three pillars: the categories of crimes against humanity, crimes against peace and the charge of conspiracy to commit crimes (a direct transplant from the American legal system). The trials held before the International Military Tribunal, held in Nuremberg from 20 November to 1 October 1946, were an attempt, unprecedented in the history of civilization, by the international community to bring to justice the leaders of a defeated state to justice for their crimes. In spite of the numerous criticism levelled against various aspects of the Nuremberg trials, it ultimately became a point of reference and an example for later attempts at placing political and military leaders on trial for their crimes.
16

Ochrona życia i godności człowieka a postawy nieletnich obciążonych zarzutami dokonania zbrodniczych czynów zabronionych. Ogólne uwagi metodologiczne z obszaru diagnozy i projektowania systemowych oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych

51%
Wach T.
Roczniki Pedagogiczne
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2015
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vol. 7(43)
|
issue 4
47-58
PL
Uznanie potencjalności oddziaływań wspierających zaburzony rozwój (w tym udzielanej pomocy resocjalizacyjnej) nakazuje zwrócić uwagę także na specyficzną grupę ewentualnych podopiecznych/klientów placówek specjalistycznych – resocjalizacyjnych i penitencjarnych. Mowa o niepełnoletnich (nieletnich, młodocianych), którzy dokonali czynów zabronionych i przestępstw o charakterze zbrodni − zabójstw, pobić, zgwałceń itd. Chodzi zatem o czyny traumatyzujące ofiary w sposób szczególny. Niestety, życie społeczne w kraju nie jest wolne od takich obciążeń, przypadki takich zachowań są notowane i warto zadawać pytania o skuteczność zarówno oddziaływań zapobiegawczo-ochronnych, jak i korekcyjnych. Badanie zachowań sprawców takich czynów natrafia na konkretne problemy, dotyczące zarówno niedostatków metodologicznych (warsztatowych), jak i związanych z oczekiwaniami społecznymi (dotyczącymi głównie szybkiej redukcji zagrożeń i wdrożenia skutecznych działań zapobiegawczych wobec sprawców). Praktyka diagnostyczna połączona z analizą wyników badań naukowych pozwala na wyrażenie szeregu uwag i rekomendacji, w tym też na podzielenie się pewnymi wątpliwościami − i to stanowi treść niniejszej wypowiedzi.
EN
The recognition of potentiality of interaction supporting disordered development (including granting an aid to social rehabilitation) requires attention also to a specific group of potential pupils/clients of specialized units – social rehabilitation and penitentiary institutions. It is referred to juveniles (minors, underage persons) who have committed criminal offenses or crimes - murders, beatings, rapes etc. These are the acts that traumatize victims in a special way. Unfortunately, the social life is not free of such burdens. There are still reports of such behaviors and one may want to ask the question of whether preventive and protective, as well as corrective impacts are effective. While studying the behavior of perpetrators of such acts, we encounter specific problems concerning both methodological (workshop) shortcomings, and related to social expectations (especially about the rapid reduction of the risk and the implementation of effective preventive actions towards perpetrators). The diagnostic practice combined with the analysis of the results of studies allows to express a number of comments and recommendations, including also certain doubts, which is the content of this article.
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