In the last decades borderlands studies have been rapidly developing in various disciplines. Within the changing function of European borders (from separating line between two souvereign states to borderscapes of intercultural flows and fluid identity) the focus of border scholars moved towards social relations and bottom-up perspective. Thus, borderlands are perceived as laboratories of European integration and multicultural spaces. For the aim of this article, borderlands are defined as spaces located on the geographical border between different states, nations and cultures that are objects of European Union cohesion policy. By analysing the Eurobarometer survey on cross-border cooperation I try to demonstrate differences between border regions covered by the Interreg cross-border cooperation programmes in terms of cross-border practices, general trust in others and attitudes towards citizens of neighbouring countries.
The article concerns the issue of cross-border cooperation between Poland and Germany in the fi eld of internal security, so at the local level, since the signing of the Treaty between the Polish Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation of 17/06/1991 signed in Bonn. Furthermore, the challenges for the cross-border cooperation between two states were elaborated. It was assumed that the main challenges in the fi eld of cross-border cooperation between Poland and Germany are related to providing internal security at the local community level.
Each state has created own way of managing crisis situations. The measure of effectiveness of the system is tools and principles according to specfi c decisions should be made. Effective crisis management is demonstrated by preparing (in a well-thought-out and organized manner) the forces and means to effectively counteract potential threats. This aim can be achieved by having sufficient knowledge about potential threats, forces and resources, trained specialist, excellent technical condition of the equipment and knowledge about the possibilities of use. The aim of the article is to show and emphasize the essence and significance of the cooperation of separate specialists in uniformed and state institutions, implementing their tasks for security in the cross-border system. It became very important subject in the vision of the idea of illegal migration in recent years in Europe
As a result of increasing globalisation, universities are being confronted by the challenge of adapting their teaching standards to meet the demands of a more dynamic labour market. Entrepreneurship education provides an important contribution to improving students´ entrepreneurial competencies and stimulating innovative work behaviour. Based on the current state of research, as well as on the results of an empirical comparative study at partner institutions of applied sciences, this article describes how the internationalisation of curricula with regards to the academic teaching of entrepreneurship and the promotion of entrepreneurial competence can be structured. An online survey of students carried out within the framework of an EU project, as well as joint class observations, revealed some important differences in study-related matters, which emphasises the need for stronger cooperation in terms of cross-border employability. With regards to the promotion of entrepreneurial thinking and behaviour, it appears appropriate to intensify the use of case-based instructional designs within teaching standards, to extend the supportive offers to students and to enable engagement with entrepreneurship in various courses of studies.
The article focuses on the recreational function of the Dunajec River and the Pieniny Mountains in regard to their use for sustainable tourism under the Slovak-Polish cross-border cooperation. Based on investigation and implemented research, it reflects on the debated topic in the dimensions of Slovak-Polish relations with the focus on tourism, pursued by the authors in their educational activities, research and publications. Their joint presentational output is a comparison of past and present recreational and related activities, proposing possible methods in tourism development in this tourist destination.
The aim of the study was to determine whether the Podlasie entrepreneurs think about neighboring nations (Belarusian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian and Russian) in a stereotypical way (ascribing to them certain negative characteristic) and, if that affects in any way the decision about cooperation. The theoretical part of the article concerns the concept of stereotype, its features and functions. In the empirical part the results of research are presented. It was carried out on a group of Polish entrepreneurs (in Podlasie) in order to identify their attitudes and opinions on some neighboring nations (Russians, Belarusians, Lithuanians and Ukrainians). The research was a pilot study. The sample included two hundred entrepreneurs. Authors’ questionnaire was used. In the light of the study negative national stereotypes seem to have a great importance in creating cross-border networking.
Cooperation between neighboring countries, Polish and Ukraine has a rich history. If you want to talk about the cooperation of local government units between the two countries you must also make a comparison of the legal systemsof both countries in this field. The aim of the article is therefore the analysis of the legislation governing the functioning of local government units in the crossborder cooperation and also attempt to compare them and draw conclusions andassessment of cooperation between local Polish and Ukrainian .
This article explores the impact of the EU migration and visa policy on the development of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland. Cross-border tourism is presented as an important element of international tourism, which affects the development of border regions and has positive consequences for the overall development of the country. Analysis focuses on cross-border cooperation in the border regions of Ukraine and Poland and ways of increasing the competitiveness of tourism offerings by forming integrated joint tourism products. The authors also investigate the impact of the visa policy of both countries on tourism in border regions.
Cross-border areas can be places of economic, social, cultural and tourism activity. Tourism development in such areas depends not only on the level of attractiveness of tourism assets and tourist infrastructure but, primarily, on the cooperation of many regional and local entities, expressed e.g. in the effective promotion of cross-border tourism products. The objective of the article is to identify determinants of tourism development and specify barriers to its development in the cross-border area of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The desk research method was used for the purposes of this paper. An audit of the current tourist development of the researched area (based on data provided by the Polish and German Statistical Offices) was used to determine the area’s tourism potential. The significance of cooperation for the creation of cross-border tourist products was illustrated by case studies of selected projects. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship and the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern make up a cross-border area well placed for tourism development, on the account of numerous tourism assets, good tourism development and the activity and involvement of tourism entities in the implementation of common tourist initiatives. The obstacles in turn are mainly of an administrative and financial nature. The analyzed projects, realized in the researched area by Polish and German entities, indicate the key importance of cooperation in cross-border areas.
PL
Obszary transgraniczne mogą być miejscem zróżnicowanej aktywności gospodarczej, społecznej, kulturowej, a także turystycznej. Rozwój turystyki na obszarach tego typu uzależniony jest nie tylko od poziomu atrakcyjności walorów turystycznych i infrastruktury turystycznej, ale przede wszystkim współpracy wielu podmiotów występujących na szczeblu regionalnym i lokalnym, znajdujących wyraz m.in. w skutecznej promocji transgranicznych produktów turystycznych. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja determinant i barier rozwoju turystyki na obszarze transgranicznym województwa zachodniopomorskiego i Meklemburgii – Pomorza Przedniego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę desk research. Dla określenia potencjału turystycznego badanego obszaru został przeprowadzony audyt zagospodarowania turystycznego. Znaczenie współpracy dla kreowania transgranicznych produktów turystycznych zostało zilustrowane przykładami wybranych projektów. Województwo zachodniopomorskie oraz Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie tworzą obszar transgraniczny predysponowany do rozwoju turystyki, ze względu na liczne walory turystyczne, dobre zagospodarowanie turystyczne oraz aktywność i zaangażowanie podmiotów turystycznych w realizację wspólnych inicjatyw turystycznych. Bariery zaś mają charakter głównie administracyjny i finansowy. Analizowane projekty realizowane przez polskie i niemieckie podmioty na badanym obszarze wskazują na kluczowe znaczenie współpracy dla rozwoju turystyki na obszarach transgranicznych.
The paper presents the issue of cross-border cooperation on the example of the functioning of euroregions in Poland. This issue was taken up in connection with the vital importance of international cooperation and euroregional cooperation for local and regional development. Euroregions, which cover almost the entire Polish border area, offer extensive opportunities connected with regional and local development, and foster the development of cooperation in matters of great importance for local and regional communities. Cooperation under the initiative of regional and local communities will decide in future not only about the shape of cross-border cooperation, but also about relations between states, in the united Europe of the 21st century.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie współpracy transgranicznej w Europie na przykładzie działalności euroregionów występujących w Polsce. Problematyka ta została podjęta w związku z ogromnym znaczeniem współpracy transgranicznej, współpracy euroregionalnej dla rozwoju regionalnego i lokalnego. Euroregiony, które pokrywają prawie cały obszar graniczny Polski stwarzają ogromne możliwości związane z rozwojem regionalnym i lokalnym, sprzyjają rozwojowi współpracy w kwestiach mających ogromne znaczenie dla społeczności regionalnych i lokalnych. Współpraca wynikająca z inicjatywy regionalnych czy lokalnych społeczności, będzie w przyszłości decydowała nie tylko o kształcie współpracy transgranicznej, ale także o stosunkach między państwami, w zjednoczonej Europie XXI wieku.
Cross-border cooperation includes a broad range of contacts between representatives and institutions of national authorities, universities, educational, cultural and sport associations, economic entities, non-governmental organizations and communities living in the territories situated on both sides of the border. Restrictions and border barriers, which hamper the possibilities of cross-border movement of persons and goods, are detriments to implementation of this form of international cooperation. Community rules of local border traffic (LBT) are the facilitations of this cooperation. It becomes possible with the signing of international agreements between the Member States of the European Union and what are known as ‘third party’ countries neighbouring with them. This prospect is fully confirmed by the Polish-Ukrainian local border traffic agreement. Due to its implementation, recovery in cross-border relations between these countries has been confirmed by statistical surveys.
PL
Współpraca transgraniczna jest szeroko rozumianymi kontaktami pomiędzy przedstawicielami i instytucjami władzy państwowej, uczelniami wyższymi, placówkami oświatowo-edukacyjnymi, kulturalno-sportowymi, podmiotami gospodarczymi i organizacjami pozarządowymi oraz społeczeństwem działającymi i zamieszkującymi na terenach położonych po obydwu stronach granicy. Problemem w praktycznej realizacji tej formy współpracy międzynarodowej są ograniczenia i bariery graniczne utrudniające możliwości trangranicznego przemieszczania się osób i towarów. Ułatwieniem i uproszczeniem w tym zakresie są wspólnotowe zasady małego ruchu granicznego (MGR ), które zostały urzeczywistnione w umowach międzynarodowych pomiędzy państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej i sąsiadującymi z nimi państwami trzecimi. Przykładem jest polsko-ukraińska umowa o małym ruchu granicznym. Dzięki jej podpisaniu i wprowadzeniu w życie można zaobserwować, potwierdzone badania statystycznymi ożywienie w relacjach trangranicznych między tymi państwami.
The article History of the Kezmarok Museum captures the development of this institution since the second half of the 19th century, when the first efforts to establish a museum were initiated. The museum is housed in a castle building which dates back to the year of 1463. After initial problems with finding the building to locate the museum, the castle was finally designated as its seat. The museum was officially opened on May 31, 1931. Since that time, this institution has undergone many changes in respect of its profile, the specialization and creation of a collection fund, administrative governance and staffing. The conclusion of the paper provides the summary of the museum's current activities, cross-border cooperation, collection development as well as cultural and educational activities.
Trans-border and cross-border cooperation has become an important trend of international regionalization since the second half of the 20th century. There was a dramatic change in the geopolitical landscape of the world system in the 1990s of the 20th century: territorial systems - states, regions, cities, and districts - alongside with business firms started to join the economic competition more and more. In the last decades of the academic realm, including regional economics, there has been an increased interest in geographic limology, i.e. region cross-border cooperation. As theory and practice testify, the increase in the volume of direct foreign investments is a significant factor of the economic growth and job creation. Therefore, monitoring of the investment climate is also a significant factor which determines the state’s welfare and its development. The purpose of the article is to study the investment climate in cross- border regions in Latvia (Latgale region), Lithuania (Vilnius county, Alytus county, Utena county, Panevezys county, Kaunas county), and Belarus (Vitebsk oblast, Grodno oblast, Minsk oblast, Mogilev oblast) and to identify its differences on the basis of the survey of the representatives of small and medium-sized businesses carried out within the framework of the project “The Establishment of the United Entrepreneurship Support and Networking System for the Sustainable Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus Cross Border Cooperation”) B2B funded by the programme of Latvia-Lithuania-Belarus cross border cooperation “European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument 2007-2013”.
Streszczenie Tekst podejmuje ważny temat współpracy transgranicznej straży pożarnych z Polski i Niemiec. Kształtowanie współpracy transgranicznej na poziomie województwa jest zadaniem Komendanta Wojewódzkiego PSP i przebiega w oparciu o istniejące umowy i porozumienia wypracowane na poziomie centralnym. Z zapisów Ustawy o PSP wynika, że Komendant Wojewódzki PSP ma za zadanie kierowanie jednostek organizacyjnych PSP z obszaru województwa do akcji ratowniczych i humanitarnych poza granice państwa.
EN
The text deals with an important topic of cross-border cooperation between fire brigades from Poland and Germany. Shaping cross-border cooperation at the voivodeship level is the task of the Voivodship Commander of the State Fire Service and is based on the existing contracts and agreements developed at the central level. The provisions of the Act on the State Fire Service show that the Provincial Commander of the State Fire Service is responsible for directing the organizational units of the State Fire Service from the voivodeship to rescue and humanitarian actions outside the state.
The article explores the issues related to cross-border cooperation in the Neisse-Nisa-Nysa Euroregion as an example. It also emphasises the need of cooperation between Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany in the area of economy, culture and tourism. Using an example of the Neisse-Nisa- Nysa Euroregion, the benefits from closer cooperation in neighbouring border regions are discussed.
Globalization is very contested, however in the context of the West Pomeranian’s and Mecklenburg Vorpommern’s development, it has brought an integrated cooperation. This cooperation is an effective tool for strengthening two nations comparative advantage in the global market. What is more, authors put an emphasis on the strength of the regionalization and globalization processes of the regions and what impact the factors have on the socio-economic development. Moreover, authors prove the two processes may coexist and bring tangible socio-economic effects but only if subjected to an effective management.
PL
Globalizacja jest bardzo sporna, jednak w kontekście rozwoju województw zachodniopomorskiego i Meklemburgii Pomorza Przedniego globalizacja odnosi sukcesy w postaci między innymi zintegrowanej współpracy. Współpraca ta skutecznie wzmacnia oba regiony zapewniając im silniejszą względną przewagę konkurencyjną na globalnym rynku. Co więcej, autorzy kładą nacisk na siłę regionalizacji i globalizacji regionów i jaki wpływ czynniki te mają na rozwój społeczno- -gospodarczy. Dodatkowo autorzy dowodzą, że te dwa procesy mogą ze sobą współistnieć i przynosić wymierne skutki społeczno-ekonomiczne pod warunkiem skutecznego zarządzania.
This paper assumes that two neighboring regions, that is regions sharing a common land border, namely Warmia and Mazury, and Kaliningrad FR, form the Polish- Russian borderland. It shows the evolution of the Polish-Russian border, from closed (until 1955), through selectively open (1956–1989), to the border as a platform for cooperation (since 1990). This has determined the evolution of borderland research, from research into a closed, isolated border – to a border where multi-dimensional and bottom-up, cross-border contacts are implemented. The introduction of small border traffic rules in 2012 and the following dynamic increase in border traffic, has largely contributed to creating a Polish-Russian cross-border region.
PL
W artykule przyjęto założenie, że dwa regiony sąsiadujące, czyli posiadające wspólną, lądową granicę: województwo warmińsko-mazurskie i Obwód Kaliningradzki FR tworzą polsko-rosyjskie pogranicze. Widoczna jest ewolucja polsko- rosyjskiej granicy: od zamkniętej (do 1955 r.), poprzez selektywnie otwartą (lata 1956-1989), do granicy jako płaszczyzny współpracy (od 1990 r.). Wpływa to na ewolucję badanego pogranicza: od zamkniętego, izolowanego - do pogranicza, gdzie realizowane są wielowymiarowe, oddolne kontakty transgraniczne. Natomiast wprowadzenie w 2012 r. zasad małego ruchu granicznego i związany z tym dynamiczny wzrost ruchu granicznego służą kształtowaniu polsko-rosyjskiego regionu transgranicznego.
Border University Network this is international consortium of universities from Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine. Author of presents structure of the network with including contacts each of her nodes has which. With the network analysis author describes and it presents properties of the discussed structure moreover, so as: positions of actors in network, density, centrality, strong and weak ties, structural holes. Besides author describes development of network society as new form of organization of social life as well as presence and meaning of network of university in development science in Poland.
The article puts focus on the main trends of the Polish-Ukrainian cooperation on the self-governance reform under the condition of the current crisis in Ukraine. Particular emphasis is put on the role and effectiveness of the Eastern Partnership Initiative as well as the initiatives on territorial cooperation. Furthermore, the role of Polish and Ukrainian non-governmental organizations in the reforming process in Ukraine is taken into consideration. Finally, the article makes an attempt to answer the question whether Polish experience of the self-governance reform might be beneficial on the Ukrainian ground as regards creating favorable conditions for the decentralization processes.
In view of the increasing relevance of renewable energy, Danish and German university partners of the European Future Renewable Energy (FURGY) project developed and conducted a qualitative and a quantitative regional foresight (“Delphi”) study which primarily provided the data for this article. Based on the main findings of this regional foresight study and additional data, we present and discuss in this article four different scenarios for the development of the renewable energy sector in the FURGY region until 2030. These scenarios describe four cases: (i) “modest improvement as “most probable future”, (ii) “worst case”, (iii) “predominantly negative case”, and (iv) “best case”. We conclude our article with concrete police recommendations which can help regional, national and European policy makers to initiate a transition process from “modest improvement” to “radical improvement” of the conditions for the renewable energy sector in Europe, its member states and regions.
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