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1

Charakterystyka pisanych źródeł do badań nad małą architekturą sakralną Warmii

100%

Kuprjaniuk S.

Studia Elbląskie

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2014

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vol. 15

89-102

EN

The presented description of the available sources for the research on the small sacral architecture focuses on three types of them: archives, cartographic data and memoirs. Each of them provided important information and prompted to undergo a further field research. The latter not only confirmed data already found in the sources under examination, but led to a discovery of some new valuable material sources. The analysed example can serve as a support for the thesis that employing a combination of different cognitive, empirical methods in research is justifiable.

2

Mała architektura sakralna Warmii w przekazach pisanych

100%

Kuprjaniuk S.

Studia Elbląskie

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2015

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vol. 16

43-53

EN

The small sacral architecture in Warmia is one of its characteristic traits. To understand the cause of this type of building was necessary to pay attention to any potential source of cognitive, including those who are press cuttings and conservation documentation. While the characteristics of these sources of research highlights contained in them relevant information and cognitive qualities that decisively influenced the state of knowledge on shrines and other sacred landscape architecture in Warmia.

3

PROBLEMY Z KLASYFIKACJĄ OBIEKTÓW MAŁEJ ARCHITEKTURY NA PRZYKŁADZIE POMNIKA WOJENNEGO W DŁUGOBORZE

75%

KUPRJANIUK S.

Studia Ełckie

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2015

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vol. 17

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issue 3

225-236

EN

Across the geographical landscape of Warmia one can point numerous architectural objects which exist as war memorials and were built in honour of the Warmia inhabitants fallen during the World War I. However, among them there are also objects which architecture is convergent with the one of the Warmia wayside shrines as far as the material used for building – bricks, and their Gothic Revival style. Longterm studies confirmed that some of the shrines accepted by the state departments of cultural heritage protection are indeed war memorials. This clear example of misunderstanding within architectural types classification was observed in Długobór. The article and the conducted proof explanation are dedicated to this object. The reason for classification of the shrines, this one and similar objects on Biesowo, Lubomino, Lutry and Tolkowiec was removing commemorative and military elements from these objects, although such elements were initially endowed with those emblems. Explaining the problem of the Długobór memorial classification was the first step towards further researches regarding various forms of the war memorials in Warmia.

4

Zespół dewocjonaliów z wykopalisk na cmentarzu przy kościele pw. św. Barbary na Starym Mieście w Częstochowie

63%

Młodkowska-Przepiórowska I.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2018

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issue 33

207-245

EN

In 2015, during the reconstruction of Nadrzeczna Street and Bohaterów Getta Square, in the area of the intersection with Jaskrowska Street, it was made the discovery of human bone remains. As a result of the rescue investigations undertaken, an area of approximately 550 square meters was tested. They were discovered among others relics of foundations, made of broken limestone and remains of the cemetery. The historical research showed that these foundations were relics of the St. Barbara church, around which there was a churchyard cemetery called „the cemetery outside the city” in the sources. At the remains they were found rosary beads, medallions, crosses, single glass beads, iron buttons, bronze and bone coins, hooks, buckles, pieces of cloth and textile and haberdashery ornaments. Particularly noteworthy is the collection of religious items. The collection of devotional items includes 14 exhibits. It is a diverse collection in terms of morphological and stylistic, and above all iconographic. Metal medallions and crosses were made from non-ferrous metals in casting or minting techniques. The minted medallions were made from thin badges. Glass medallions were made from two glass panes, bound in a metal frame, between which there was an image reflected on the paper. The remains of rosaries are beads, differing in terms of size, colors and shapes. Only in 9 graves it was managed to set the position of devotional items on the remains of the deceased. Most often, devotions were found at the height of clasped hands folded in the lap. Other places where devotional items are found are: around the head, around the clavicle, around the thigh – above the knees and at the feet level. The subject of images on medallions and crosses is diverse. The sets of images on the obverses and other sides are also interesting. On one picture of a glass medallion it was identified the figure of Saint Josef. The figure of St. Benedict was on two medallions. The figure of St. John the Baptist was presented on one of the most carefully made cast medallions. On its other side it was recognized St. Nicholas. On the next medal, the figure of St. Francis of Paola was identified. St. Francis of Assisi appears on a very poorly legible paper picture. On the medal lion we can see St. Wojciech. On its other side there is a figure of the Guardian Angel holding the child by a hand. Burning Hearts are presented on a cast medal, on the other side of the medal with St. Wojciech. The most popular were the medallions with images of Christ and the Virgin Mary. The Polish images of the Mother of God should be taken in account, first of all, Madonna of Jasna Góra from Częstochowa. On the medallions and crosses except the characters, there are legends – inscriptions, only in Latin, made them by majuskuła with sheriffs. Most often, the medallions were „signed” by the name of the saint. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they were gladly supplied with medallions with the patrons of good death. In determining the chronology of devotional items from the church cemetery at the church of Saint Barbara, a wide chronological framework was adopted, corresponding to the period of use of the cemetery and the church, from the 17th century to probably the beginning of the 19th century. Częstochowa was the center of worship of Our Lady of Jasna Góra. It can be assumed that most of the medallions with images of the Virgin of Częstochowa, and perhaps even all of them, were probably created in Częstochowa.

PL

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5

Przyczynek do badań nad początkiem Cerkwi na Zachodzie Rusi

51%

Liwoch R.

ELPIS

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2014

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vol. 16

169-172

PL

W 1882 r. T. Ziemięcki przeprowadził w Podhorcach (obwód lwowski, Ukraina) badania wykopaliskowe dwóch sąsiadujących ze sobą kurhanów, które nazwał wielką mogiłą bliźniaczą nr 1 i nr 2. W mogile nr 1 odkrył bogato wyposażony pochówek podwójny (zapewne małżeński), w którym znajdowały się dwa identyczne srebrne krzyżyki. Krzyże te należą do typu nazywanego skandynawskim (wariant B.1 typu 1.4.3 wg J. Staeckera). W mogile nr 2 znalazł szkielet mężczyzny, którego pochowano z wyposażeniem, w tym z dwoma krzyżami. Większy (zaginiony) był brązowym enkolpionem z wyobrażeniem Ukrzyżowania i Matki Boskiej Oranty, który znajduje analogie w krajach naddunajskich. Mniejszy jest srebrnym krzyżykiem w formie krzyża św. Piotra. W ustach zmarłych pochowanych w obu kurhanach znajdowały się drobne przedmioty złote, które interpretować należy jako lokalny wariant zwyczaju obola zmarłych. Oba groby są częścią nekropoli z pochówkami drużynnymi. Datować je trzeba na koniec X - 1. połowę XI w. Przedstawiane obiekty są najstarszymi niebudzącymi wątpliwości chronologicznych i interpretacyjnych śladami obecności schrystianizowanych (grecka wersja chrześcijaństwa) elit nad górnymi Bugiem i Dniestrem. Zmarli nie będąc duchownymi, byli jednak przedstawicielami nowej oficjalnej religii wśród słowiańskiej ludności, której nawracanie dopiero się rozpoczynało. Wydaje się zatem, że ich obecność w Podhorcach uznać można za początek Cerkwi w zachodniej części niegdysiejszej Rusi Kijowskiej.

EN

In 1882 T. Ziemięcki conducted in Pìdgìrcì (Lviv district, Ukraine) a research excavation of two neighboring burial mounds which he called the Great Twin Barrows No. 1 and No. 2. In barrow No., he discovered on richly furnished double burial (probably of a married couple) where he found two identical silver crosses. The crosses belong to the so called Scandinavian type (variant B.1 type 1.4.3 acc. J. Staecker). In barrow No. 2, he found a skeleton of a male buried with furnishings, including two crosses. The bigger one (lost) was a bronze encolpion depicting the Crucifixion and the Virgin Orans, which can find analogies in the Danube countries. The smaller one is a silver St. Peter’s cross. In the mouths of the corpses found in both barrows there were tiny gold objects which could be interpreted as a local variation of the obolus of the dead custom. Both graves are a part of necropolis with druzhina burials. They date back to the end of the 10th century or the first half of the 11th century. The objects presented here are the earliest evidence to confirm the presence of a Christianized (Greek version of Christianity) elite in the region of the Upper Bug and Upper Dniester, which is not burdened with chronological or interpretative reservation. The deceased were not members of the clergy but, nevertheless, representatives of the new official religion in a pagan Slavic population whose conversion had barely begun. It seems, therefore, that their presence in Pìdgìrcì can be considered the beginning of the Orthodox Church in the western part of the former Kievan Rus’.

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2 Studia Elbląskie

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 ELPIS

1 Studia Ełckie

1 2018

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2 2014

2 Kuprjaniuk S.

1 KUPRJANIUK S.

1 Liwoch R.

1 Młodkowska-Przepiórowska I.

Charakterystyka pisanych źródeł do badań nad małą architekturą sakralną Warmii

Mała architektura sakralna Warmii w przekazach pisanych

PROBLEMY Z KLASYFIKACJĄ OBIEKTÓW MAŁEJ ARCHITEKTURY NA PRZYKŁADZIE POMNIKA WOJENNEGO W DŁUGOBORZE

Zespół dewocjonaliów z wykopalisk na cmentarzu przy kościele pw. św. Barbary na Starym Mieście w Częstochowie

Przyczynek do badań nad początkiem Cerkwi na Zachodzie Rusi