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Book review

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EN
Linguistic and Cultural Acquisition in a Migrant Community David Singleton Vera Regan Ewelina Debaene 2013 Multilingual Matters
EN
The article researches a development of the national-cultural movements. The attention is paid to the development of Russophiles and its organizational center „Organization of Saint Vasyl the Great”. Author describes the discussion among Transcarpathian intellectuals regarding the use of Russian language. The refusal of Russophilism by the part of intellectuals led to the development of Narodovetskyy movement. The author explains this process as a stage before development of Ukrainophile movement.
EN
When a literary work is conceived, it demonstrates the fact that a writer is sensitive to the world around him or her and thus, his or her work bear the responsibility of creating an impact positively on that society. This paper arises from this fact and exemplifies how Amma Darko is socially committed to shaping the moral conscience of contemporary African society using her novels – The Housemaid and Faceless. Using social theory as a theoretical bearing, the paper analyses the novels and discovers that Amma uses especially her characters and settings as forces to create a social transformation in contemporary African society.
EN
Heritage tourism is a fast growing niche of cultural tourism worldwide. In Africa, several countries, including South Africa, place great emphasis on the growth of heritage tourism because of its potential for local economic development. Cultural and heritage tourism are being advocated as an important niche within the South African economy. This paper explores the perceptions of cultural heritage tourist guides in South Africa towards heritage tourism, it is argued that the country’s National Department of Tourism must improve the poor governance and poor management of South African heritage assets, and enhance the preservation, transformation and segmented marketing of South Africa’s cultural assets (at all levels of government) in order to sustain and grow cultural tourism in the future.
EN
The author of the paper focuses on the ethical aspects of the political, cultural as well as social functions of media.
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A notion of trauma has its roots in psychiatry and medicine where it was theorized at the level of individual. Particularly, in the course of the last decade the concept has established itself extensively as an instrument for analysis of broader social phenomena. Trauma at the collective level is described in variety ways - as a cultural, social, collective or national, if most common descriptions mentioned. The prevalent line of thinking regarding the trauma at the collective level involves constructivist approach taking trauma as socially produced construct.
EN
The paper provides an analysis on fundraising competitive forces of small art and culture organizations in order to identify optimal features of fundraising strategy development during and after crisis time when absence of donors becomes a pressing issue. The analysis is fulfilled based on Michael Porter five forces model structure. Fundraising strategies should focus on intensive development of advanced communication with donors through modern technology application and reflect an integral vision of social needs which is the key success factor of fundraising strategy implementation in independent autonomous organizations. Financial resources in nonprofit sector seriously affect the stability of programs implementation. The lack of stability undermines organization efficiency what is evident to donors. This requires formulation of strategy for professional and repetitive fundraising.
EN
Stereotypically, international society identifies the Republic of Macedonia as a former Yugoslavian area marked by the independence stigma during tragic events in the Balkans. Therefore, various scientific publications appear (particularly in the fields of international law, political science or international relations), concerning mainly the Greek‑Macedonian conflict over the official name of the country. However, it is rather rare to find in Polish literature texts on remarkable cultural and architectural richness of this small but extremely important – for the Slavic‑Orthodox culture – country. It is possible to observe, in Polish works, compilations on art history of South and West Slavs, but it does not extend its own scientific discipline, except the indication of necessary legal or political background. In the following discourse several considerations on culture and art objects on the territory of the modern Republic of Macedonia (FYROM official name) are presented. The text consists of three main parts with an emphasis that the last part possesses also an internal structure. Basic information concerning the main tasks and aims of UNESCO is presented in the first part of the work. The following part is concerned with the historical context of the city of Ohrid. Finally, the third part of the paper contains considerations on the architectonical objects of UNESCO located in the historical city of Ohrid. The analysis ends with final conclusions.
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Veda ako sociokultúrna praktika:

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EN
The paper is a contribution to the contemporary understanding of science, which is crucial for understanding the world and humanity. This understanding is a task of philosophy and consists, according to the conception defended by the author, in the understanding of scientific practices. The author gives an account of the turn towards an analysis of scientific practice(s) within the contemporary philosophy of science, and depicts the key sources (such as the philosophy of pragmatism, T. S. Kuhn’s theo­ry, the practice theory in social science, among others) as well as the key features of this turn. Based on this, he outlines the concept of science as a sociocultural practice, which itself is conceptualized as two mutually intertwined forms of transaction: causal transactions within natural reality (natural and technical sciences) and meaningful transactions within sociocultural reality (social and human sciences).
EN
The wide field of the inner landscape of the I, the fragile construction of personality as put in doubt by the reflections of E. Mach and the territory of the “Other” generally are considered to form main topics of the literary, philosophical and esthetical exploration of Austrian literature and culture of the Fin de Siecle period called “Wiener Moderne”. Starting with a concise review of the more recent research positions in the following essay these topics will be re-discussed giving space and attention to the differences to contemporary Modernism in Germany (Berlin) as well as to the remarkable and quite analytic interest of Viennese authors towards aspects of the “Other,” the forbidden and hidden spaces of identity which often were covering experiences of modern estrangement, dissociation of the personality and an existential discontent as well as an attitude towards aestheticism worked out in the essay on D’Annunzio by H. v. Hofmannsthal, in some of his early dramatic pieces or in Andrian’s Garten der Erkenntnis. On the other side it was accompanying the perception of cultural differences; among those the Slavic component represented a recurrent phenomena overlapped in more than only few cases by stereotypical concepts. Finally there will be taken in examination the strange things which lie in wait below the threshold of consciousness (H. Bahr) like the role of corporal identity, violence and sexuality in the intricate relationships between the dominant social codex and institutions as in Hofmannsthal’s Reitergeschichte or in modern urban, capitalistic challenges and contexts like Beer-Hoffmann´s Camelias.
EN
The article is conceived in response to recent debates about a specifically Chinese historical thinking in modern times. It turns to the earliest articles about “new historiography” published since the very end of the Qing dynasty and during the early republican period, when history became an independent academic discipline in China. The research is based on several polemical essays beginning with Liang Qichao’s Xin Shixue from 1902, followed by the debate about “national past” (guogu) started in the radical student journal Xin Chao during the early May Fourth period, and the “reorganization of national past” (zhengli guogu) movement which followed afterwards. Besides Liang Qichao, ideas of younger authors are discussed extensively, such as Mao Zishui and Hu Shi, as well as Gu Jiegang and to some extent also He Bingsong. Comparison of the first systematic formulation of the concept of new historiography by Liang Qichao with the May Fourth debate shows mostly similarity in the basic demands for radical transformation and new orientation of the discipline. This observation confirms our understanding of the process of intellectual transformation of China and the influx of western ideas between the Late Qing and early republic as continuous.
EN
This article examines how Italian scholars of Modern Greek played the role of cultural and linguistic mediators of Greek writers during the first years of the dictatorship in Greece, 1967–1971, a period in which the country was under strict censorship. From the very beginning, the work of scholars of Modern Greek, along with the Italian press and the student movement, tended to endorse the antidictatorial struggle, acting as a channel of communication between Italian society and Greek writers.
Translationes
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
FR
L’article propose une vision élargie du culturel dans la perspective de l’approche socioculturelle de la traduction et essaie de fonder le concept d’élément socioculturel en relation avec la notion de culture comme ensemble de pratiques significatives partagées par les membres d’une collectivité. Après l’examen du concept d’élément culturel dans la littérature, nous illustrons notre vision sur des documents personnels de langue française, traités notamment dans la perspective des genres, en réfléchissant sur le transfert vers le roumain de certains éléments susceptibles de poser problème.
EN
The present article advances an extended vision on the term cultural from the sociocultural perspective on translation, with a view to consolidating the concept of sociocultural element in strict connection with the concept of culture, understood as a set of signifying practices shared by the members of a community. After performing an overview of the concept sociocultural in linguistics and translation studies, our vision on the concept of sociocultural is illustrated by analyzing a set of personal documents, originally written in French, in terms of transfer (from French to Romanian), paying special attention to certain elements viewed as problematic.
PL
Cyberprzestrzeń to dziś miejsce dla międzyludzkich interakcji rozgrywających się na poziomie czasem zwodniczo symulującym komunikację w rzeczywistości offline, a czasem nawet ją przewyższającym, zwłaszcza pod względem przyzwolenia na dowolność kształtowania swojej tożsamości. Internet ciągle pozostaje wyzwaniem dla nauk społecznych: nie poznaliśmy go bowiem na tyle dobrze, na ile to możliwe. Internet różnicuje się w znacznej mierze „samodzielnie”, a jego oblicze kreowane jest przez internautów oddolnie i często nie wykazuje najmniejszych powiązań z rzeczywistością kulturową świata offline. Tym samym mówić możemy o cyberprzestrzeni jako o rzeczywistości, która dziś stała się podłożem tworzenia elastycznych tożsamości za pomocą elastycznych narzędzi właściwych komunikacji zapośredniczonej przez komputery. Przyjrzyjmy się specyfice internetu oraz ponowoczesnemu modelowaniu tożsamości i zastanówmy się, czy sieć warto badać, traktując ją priorytetowo i postrzegając jako część ongoing reality – przedłużenie fizycznego świata – czy warto badać fenomeny, takie jak formowanie się ludzkiej tożsamości, w cyberprzestrzeni.
EN
Cyberspace has become a place for interpersonal interaction, which can simulate direct communication known from the real world or even surpass it, especially in terms of freedom to shape our own identity. Although the Internet still remains a challenge for the social sciences cyberspace differentiates itself mostly independently from the physical world, by the agency of its users and without the influence of offline world cultural reality. Thus, we can talk about cyberspace as a reality, which today has become the ground to create flexible identity by using flexible tools of Computer- Mediated Communication. In this paper, we’ll look at the specificities of the Internet and the postmodern way to create individual and flexible identities and we’ll consider whether the network should be examined treating it as a priority of every single research, or as a background of studies on the cultural and social phenomena, such as the formation of individual identity in cyberspace.
EN
The cultural orientation in translation leads to the consideration of the compensation strategy in translating culture. After presenting the cultural turn which took place in translation studies in the 1980s as well as definitions of the key terms of strategy and compensation, examples of several American and one Cypriot cultureme are discussed in order to grasp the nature of compensation and broaden the awareness of the role of culture in translation. The analysis of examples concludes with a claim that the translator is an interpreter of cultural presuppositions, references, connotations and meanings based on a diverse spectrum of pragmatic knowledge, and the appropriate understanding of the former emerges from the philosophy of translation compromise and the ensuing strategy of compensation.
PL
Orientacja przekładoznawcza na zjawiska kulturowe prowadzi do rozważań nad strategią kompensacji w ich tłumaczeniu. Po przedstawieniu zwrotu kulturowego, jaki nastąpił w badaniach nad przekładem w latach 1980. oraz definicji kluczowych pojęć ‘strategii’ i ‘kompensacji’, omówione są przykłady kilku kulturemów amerykańskich i jednego cypryjskiego w celu uchwycenia istoty kompensacji i poszerzenia świadomości zjawisk kulturowych w przekładzie. Analizę przykładów wieńczy konstatacja, iż tłumacz jest interpretatorem presupozycji kulturowych, odniesień, konotacji i znaczeń bazujących na różnorodnym spectrum wiedzy pragmatycznej, a właściwe ich rozumienie opiera się na filozofii kompromisu przekładowego i wynikającej z niego strategii kompensacji.
EN
The article proposes to study the impact of Delerm’s micro-stories in the FL classroom from a cultural perspective. These literary materials create opportunities for spontaneous dialogue and sharing that enrich the individual and common cultural reservoir and lexical repertoire of the learners. This study shows that micro-stories are significantly easier to introduce into the academic curriculum than whole books, without too much effort on the part of the teacher and the learner, but with a very satisfactory result for both sides. A focused definition of the term culture is presented at the beginning to set the framework for the study. This is followed by Delerm’s literalism, i.e., we tried to hone the learners’ skills in reading and understanding a simple text so they would be able to (re)use the acquired information in academic, professional, or personal life. Then, the exploitation of micro-stories in the FL classroom is presented with multiple explanations and, finally, our concluding remarks close this contribution.
EN
The article discusses specific national, ethnic and cultural attributes of Ukrainian immigrants in the USA. This is an interview-based study of Ukrainians experiencing living in the USA and representing the two waves of Ukrainian immigration in the USA in the 20th century: the post-WWII wave and the contemporary wave, which reveals similarities and differences of their identities and corresponding practices. Applying methods of discourse and comparative analysis, the study shows that similarities prevail on the levels of ethnic and national identities and practices of US Ukrainian immigrants, whereas significant controversy is found on their cultural and language levels.
PL
W artykule omówiono szczególne cechy narodowe, etniczne i kulturowe ukraińskich imigrantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Podstawę stanowiły wywiady przeprowadzone wśród Ukraińców mieszkających w USA i reprezentujących dwie fale imigracji ukraińskiej w XX w.: falę powojenną i współczesną. Opracowanie wskazuje podobieństwa i różnice ich tożsamości oraz odpowiadające im praktyki. Stosując metodę dyskursu i analizy porównawczej, autorki pokazują, że podobieństwa przeważają na poziomie etnicznej i narodowej tożsamości oraz praktyk amerykańskich imigrantów z Ukrainy, podczas gdy znaczące kontrowersje dotyczą ich poziomu kulturowego i językowego.
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EN
The article attempts to present regionalism in its most primary form that is a positive emotional attitude to the occupied territory. This type of bondconditions regionalism that is currently defined in a variety of ways, primarily as a broad trend of social activity. The beginnings of lasting relationships between a man and a closer or further environment can be found in the distant times of cognitive revolution when a man acquired an ability to use abstractnotions which started to influence their individual and collective life. Agrarian revolution reinforced essential features of elementary regionalism.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania regionalizmu w jego najpierwotniejszej formie, jaką jest pozytywny, emocjonalny stosunek do zajmowanego terytorium. Tego rodzaju więź warunkuje regionalizm definiowany obecnie na wiele sposobów - przede wszystkim jako szeroki nurt aktywności społecznej. Początków trwałych relacji człowieka z bliższą lub dalszą okolicą można doszukiwać się w odległych czasach rewolucji poznawczej, gdy człowiek nabył zdolność posługiwania się abstrakcyjnymi pojęciami, które zaczęły mieć wpływ na jego życie indywidualne i zbiorowe. Rewolucja agrarna utrwaliła zasadnicze cechy regionalizmu elementarnego.
EN
The paper presents an overview of Kraków’s “Życie” (1897–1900) as a journal that featured the most important ideological and philosophical trends of the late nineteenth century. Examination of journalistic texts on cultural, social and political issue, published in the journal especially when Ludwik Szczepanski and Artur Gorski where editors-in-chief, helped to isolate major fields covered in the periodical. These include: (1) bankruptcy of the ideals of the nineteenth century; (2) antinomy of native and universal values as well as values of other cultures; (3) relationship between tradition and modernity; (4) risks associated with the development of mass culture and the dissemination of the philistine worldview; (5) possibilities of overcoming the decadent and artistic worldview. Analysis of journalistic texts devoted to the issues listed above adds to Kraków’s “Życie” being characterised as a journal showing the complexity or even – in a sense – the dialectic nature of Polish modernism.
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