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Korzenie teatru z perspektywy performatywno-medialnej

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The article discusses the issue of cultural roots of theatre as analysed from the point of view of performance and media studies. Its starting point is a critical reading of the well-known book by Eli Rozik, The Roots of Theatre, as well as a debate with some theses held by anthropologists of spectacle, whereby the author is able to point out essential points of his own outlook on the origins of theatre. These are as follows: 1) theatre and ritual are live performances, and from the media studies perspective, they are human and iconic media; 2) the roots of theatre are manifold (polygenesis); 3) the roots of theatre should not be sought either in the psyche or in prehistory—in both cases, it is about performativity, not theatricality; 4) theatre emerges in sufficiently developed civilisations, in a specific performative environment from which it draws patterns of stage behaviour. It means that initially, theatre is a medium stitched from other media (in analogy to the rhapsodist stitching songs together). In ancient Greece, theatre as a religious and state medium emerged within the framework of the Dionysian festival, which functioned as a vortex of behaviour attracting other forms of rituals, spectacles and contests and afforded many pretexts for implementing various performance art conventions in theatre. Evidence of theatre’s heterogeneity in this respect can be found in Aristophanes’ comedies and in medieval performances.
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Kwartalnik Historyczny
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2007
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vol. 114
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issue 3
173-183
EN
The article is the review article of Ryszard Kasperowicz' book "Zweite, ideale Schoepfung. Sztuka w myśleniu historycznym Jacoba Burckhardta", Lublin 2004.
EN
The study deals with the topic of the cultural history of the nobility in Late Czarist Russia (1861–1917). In the first part, the author draws attention to the different definitions of nobility in the context of the estates’ organization of Russian society and in particular addresses the suitability of the term aristocracy in Russia. The second part of the study presents an overview of existing historiography on the nobility, especially in the field of cultural history. the main research directions and trends are shown here and the problem of the long-dominating orientation of the historians on the period of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century are also presented. The third part is a critical overview of the sources of the cultural history of the nobility, and especially the sources of a personal nature. In the final, fourth section, the author discusses the possibilities of further research.
EN
Daniele PomilioUniversity of UdineItaly Luciano Curreri e Michel Delville, Il grande ‘Incubo che mi son scelto.’ Prove di avvicinamento a Profondo Rosso (1975-2015), Piombino, Edizioni Il Foglio, 2015 The text offers a review of Il grande “Incubo che mi son scelto” - a collection of essays written in three different languages by a group of international scholars to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Profondo Rosso, the cult movie by Dario Argento. The book contributes to the canonization of an Italian classic long neglected by those critics who still consider horror movies a low-rated subgenre comparable to B-movies.
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Uwagi o 'jarmułce'

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Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
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This review article discusses the main concepts and methodological approaches of the History of Russia in the 20th Century by Dietmar Neutatz which is presented as the history of repeated, radical attempts at modernising Russian society. In his book, rather than adhering to the more traditional political and economic history approaches, Neutatz presents the reader with a broader cultural history of Russian society. The author of this article regards this latter approach as a very significant stimulus for the writing of the history of national societies in general.
EN
The image of the atheist and his place on the confessional map of the world in Cieszyn SilesiaThe aim of this article is to create an image of the atheist based on historical and contemporary sources. The history of the concept of the atheist is described on the basis of the regional press, the contemporary picture of the concept – on the basis of the results of a questionnaire and discussions on religious topics on regional websites. The analysis showed that the concept of the atheist is treated as a term equivalent to the terms of members of different churches. The research shows not only the image of the atheist, but also its place in the system of perception of religious differences. Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku CieszyńskimCelem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie obrazu ateisty na podstawie źródeł historycznych i współczesnych. Historia pojęcia ateisty została opisana na podstawie prasy regionalnej, współczesny obraz – na podstawie wyników ankiet i dyskusji na tematy religijne na regionalnych stronach internetowych. Analiza wykazała, że pojęcie ateisty jest traktowane jako pojęcie równorzędne z określeniami członków różnych Kościołów. W wyniku badań przedstawiono nie tylko wizerunek ateisty, lecz także jego miejsce w systemie postrzegania różnic wyznaniowych.
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This article analyzes the relationship between rumors about the Holocaust and the process of the formation of knowledge about the Shoah among ordinary residents and public opinion in the Warsaw ghetto during World War II. Rumor is defined here as a specific medium, encumbered with a high risk of distortion, but still sometimes carrying true information. I analyzed war-time personal documents and testimonies of survivors. I focused in particular on rumors regarding the extermination of Jews in other towns and letters that were supposedlyreaching the Warsaw ghetto from residents deported purportedly to the East, but who wereactually murdered in the Treblinka death camp. To interpret this phenomenon, I used theoretical approaches from the social sciences (awareness context theory and symbolic interactionism theory). I stressed the impact of the existential experience of Shoah victims on their ability to accept the news of mass murder. Special attention was paid to the process of pushing aside thoughts about the possibility of one’s own death.
EN
This study examines the etymology of the principal physiographic entities of the ancient Sary-Arka area–meaning in the old Turkic language Yellowing Ridge – encompassing the present territory of parkland-steppes, rocky highlands and the adjacent mountains of North and East Kazakhstan. The current linguistic evidence points to a complex and chronologically long culture-historical development reflected by the local place names best-recorded for the major rivers and mountains (hydronyms and oronyms, respectively). Not all geo-site names are securely determined by using modern onomastics. Records of material culture provide additional multi-proxy information. Local uniformity of some toponyms across the extensive area assuming a common cultural background attests to a broader ethnic homogeneity and/or mobility of the ancient populations inhabiting this vast and geomorphically mosaic land. This suggests a close relationship and interactions (including demographic exchanges and mixing) between the past pastoral ethics in the parkland-steppe and semi-desert areas north of Lake Balkhash between the Aral Sea and the southern Urals in the West and the Alatau–Altai Mountain systems in the East. Whereas the hydronyms of the Sary-Arka may have a rather complex and not fully clear origin with a connection to the Turkic-Tatar medieval tribes and nations’ occupancy in northern Central Asia eventually modified into the present Kazakh language forms, the oronyms of the East Kazakhstan mountain ranges indicate the Mongolian roots.
EN
This study examines the etymology of the principal physiographic entities of the ancient Sary-Arka area–meaning in the old Turkic language Yellowing Ridge – encompassing the present territory of parkland-steppes, rocky highlands and the adjacent mountains of North and East Kazakhstan. The current linguistic evidence points to a complex and chronologically long culture-historical development reflected by the local place names best-recorded for the major rivers and mountains (hydronyms and oronyms, respectively). Not all geo-site names are securely determined by using modern onomastics. Records of material culture provide additional multi-proxy information. Local uniformity of some toponyms across the extensive area assuming a common cultural background attests to a broader ethnic homogeneity and/or mobility of the ancient populations inhabiting this vast and geomorphically mosaic land. This suggests a close relationship and interactions (including demographic exchanges and mixing) between the past pastoral ethics in the parkland-steppe and semi-desert areas north of Lake Balkhash between the Aral Sea and the southern Urals in the West and the Alatau–Altai Mountain systems in the East. Whereas the hydronyms of the Sary-Arka may have a rather complex and not fully clear origin with a connection to the Turkic-Tatar medieval tribes and nations’ occupancy in northern Central Asia eventually modified into the present Kazakh language forms, the oronyms of the East Kazakhstan mountain ranges indicate the Mongolian roots.
EN
This article explores a mysterious collection of photographs discovered in the archives of the Riga History and Navigation Museum, offering a glimpse into the captivating underwater kingdom of 19th century Riga. The photographs, dating back to 1894, showcase an elaborately decorated fictional realm within the premises of the Krakenbank literary and music society. The article explores the history of the society, the inspiration behind the underwater theme, and the artistic contributions of its members. It also discusses the subsequent transformations of the location and its significance in Riga’s cultural history. The article begins by introducing the hidden collection of photographs found in the Riga History and Navigation Museum archives. The photographs, accompanied by poetic verses, depict a fantastical underwater realm adorned with wall paintings, sea creatures and mythical figures. Each room is named with a romantic title, providing a captivating glimpse into a bygone era. The photographs are made in the collodion POP technique, known for its warm brown tones and glossy surface. This technique was popular in the late 19th century but was eventually surpassed by silver gelatin. The Krakenbank society was established in 1869 as a charitable organization for the Baltic-German community in Riga. The society provided financial support and organized cultural events. The photographs captured the interiors of the society’s meeting place, located at 8 Merķeļa Street in Riga, which still stands today. The album was created to commemorate the society’s 25th anniversary in 1894.The article highlights the significance of this discovery in providing an insight into the cultural life of 19th century Riga.
EN
The study introduces resources of folk origin, which has almost not been used by the ethnology so far and which can bring valuable evidences about the lived form of folk dance culture. The development of those resources relates to the period when a kind of well-read persons or amateur writers came from village society, who paid their attention to farmers´ economic matters; they were interested in the expressions of social and cultural life, as well as in patriotic events in the second half of the 19th century. A special attention is paid here to the description of dance parties as a part of the events of that period. The interpretation of these resources requires combining of different methods and approaches; the ethnochoreology is supported here both by the attitude of so-called new cultural history focused on the study of mentalities, and by narrative approach. The source material is understood as life stories that simultaneously express the situations and contexts within which they were produced. The following issues constitute the basic dilemmas of interpretation: whether the structure of what is interpreted (text) or its function (context) should be accentuated, if one should focus on content or form, whether one should proceed on a part or a whole, and if the interpretation should be aimed at an individual or culture.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyse a northern Norwegian legend. Working with legends will provide a cultural insight and can thus be a gateway to establish knowledge structures. The main purpose of this paper is to reveal some of the diversity that a legend contains, and show that an analysis of this type of text can be a tool for dissemination and discovery learning. The analysis in this article is made from a multi-perspective approach: a literary perspective, religion, historical, mythical and folkloric perspective. The word legend is characterized in Norway as religious texts. The proper Norwegian term for the text being analysed here is actually “sagn”. However, I choose here in the English language to use the word legend instead.
EN
Sostene M. ZangariUniversity of MilanItaly“Things Change but the Amerecano Is Here to Stay”: America in Italian Popular Movies of the 1980sThe article focuses on a number of film comedies of the early 1980s. In different ways, the movies rearticulate the relationship between Italy and the United States. In showing how Italians can beat Americans at sports, how they can indulge in conspicuous consumption and finally how even the United States are not alien to provincialism and backwardness, these movies express a new mood of confidence that was widely felt in Italian society at the time. However, these movies came at a moment when the Italian film industry was on the verge of its decline. Starting from the 1980s, in fact, American movies and distributors would colonize the Italian movie market and depress the Italian movie industry.
PT
O presente artigo objetiva apresentar um panorama geral de como as manifestações religiosas foram representadas na obra As religiões no Rio (1906), de autoria do jornalista e literato João do Rio (1881-1921). O recorte histórico eleito para tanto consiste na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, então capital do Brasil, durante o período da Primeira República. Os aportes teóricos utilizados para tanto consistem na História Cultural, por meio de autores como Roger Chartier, Michel de Certeau e Nobert Elias. Constatou-se que no processo de se evidenciar religiões presentes no Rio de Janeiro, João do Rio operacionalizou um dualismo classificatório ao designar as experiências religiosas nos finais do século XIX e inícios do XX. De um lado estariam as de influência francesa e praticado pela elite social, de acordo com os padrões tolerados pela elite, com as ideias de higienização, “civilização”, modernização e com o medo da periculosidade da pobreza. As demais, do outro lado, e de presença marcante nas ruas do Rio de Janeiro, e em extensão às ruas de toda a República brasileira, eram aquelas representadas como sinônimo de “incivilizado” e “atraso”
EN
This article presents an overview of how religious manifestations were represented in the book As religiões no Rio (1906), written by journalist and writer João do Rio (1881-1921). The historical approach is the city Rio de Janeiro, capital of Brazil during the First Republic. The theoretical contribution used for this research is the Cultural History and authors such as Roger Chartier, Michel de Certeau e Nobert Elias. It was realized that in the process of highlighting religions in Rio de Janeiro, João do Rio operationalized a classificatory duality to designate religious experiences in the late 19th and early 20th century. On the one hand there would be religions of French influence which were professed by the social elite, whose standards encompassed principles like sanitation, “civilization”, modernization and fear of risk of poverty. On the other hand, there were those religions regarded as “uncivilized” and “undeveloped”, which had a strong presence not only in the streets of Rio de Janeiro, but of the entire Brazilian Republic
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Uwagi o jarmułce

63%
EN
Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
EN
The paper offers several remarks on the history of cultural mediation and cultural mediators in connection with the current state of Czech literary studies in France. Within the given field, more and more productive also in the area of Central European Studies, there are several research programs conducted in France, repeatedly including topics from Czech literature.
Translationes
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 1
78-92
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Nella storia moderna della traduzione in romeno, il periodo 1840-1900, come sottolinea la studiosa Georgiana Lungu Badea in Un capitol de traductologie românească. Studii de istorie a traducerii (III) [Un capitolo di traduttologia romena. Studi di storia della traduzione (III)], è contrassegnato dalle ricerche identitarie della lingua di arrivo. In quest'ottica, la traduzione integrale o parziale di un numero significativo di libretti d'opera dall'italiano al romeno si rivela un fenomeno la cui analisi possa offrire dei validi temi di riflessione sia dal punto di vista della storia della traduzione, sia di quello della storia della lingua e della storia culturale.
EN
The period between 1840 and 1900 saw the full or partial translation of a significant number of Italian opera librettos, a phenomenon whose analysis can prove most insightful from the point of view of translation history as well as from that of the history of language and of cultural history. The translation of the Italian librettos was carried out in an environment marked not so much by cultural endeavours, but rather economic ones, taking into account the level of the public‘s musical and cultural illiteracy and their reduced financial means.
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Johan Huizinga’s Russia

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This article deals with the changing views of Dutch historian Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) on such topics as Russian culture, 19th-century Russia, and the Soviet Union. While Huizinga did not count them among his core research interests (he never published an independent work on Russia or the Soviet Union), he remained preoccupied with these topics, particularly during the last phase of his life, in relation to his criticism of the declining forms of contemporary culture. Little has been made of the fact that Huizinga prepared a course on 19th-century Russia for students of history at the university of Groningen in 1914 (he taught the course in 1935/6 at Leiden). It was also in 1914 that he became interested in the idea of pan-Slavism in Russia and Central Europe. Huizinga’s unpublished lectures on Russia and pan-Slavism demonstrate his exceptional knowledge of history, surpassing that of his academic contemporaries. The lectures also show Huizinga’s critical attitude towards the political life of 19th-century Russia as well as the Soviet political experiment.
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