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According to the concept of the cultural nation formulated by J. G. Herder in the 18th the nationality of the person is determined by the language used. In the nineteenth century, there emerges a concept of a political nation formed during the Great French Revolution. All the citizens of the state create a nation. Both concepts have merged into an idea of a nation state. The Prussian nation state marginalized the border cultural communities such as peripheral Prussian Masurians living in the south-eastern area of East Prussia. The Masurians formed an evangelical, Polish-speaking, peasant community. They were famous for their loyalty to the subsequent Prussian and German rulers. Living in a relative isolation, the Masurians kept their Language, their own customs and habits for a long time. At the beginning of the nineteenth century there was a strong pressure towards their assimilation with German culture by eliminating the “Polish” dialect of the Masurians. To counter any possible Polish claims, the dialect was officially recognized as the “Masurian language”. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries Poles considered the Masurians as a regional branch of their own nation. The nationalistic radicalization during the Great War and Masuria plebiscite led to intensified assimilation of Masurians and the annihilation of the Masurian culture.
EN
The aim of this essay is to present an overview of shifting paradigms in Black Studies. I will critically look back on my own research on African American women writers of the so-called Second American Renaissance in an effort to determine to what extent theory can alter interpretation, and how theoretical position can ‘rewrite’ or ‘transform’ the books we read and analyze. I will show that my engagement with diasporic and postcolonial theories has enabled me a more polemical formulation of contemporary Afro-American women’s prose. I will also analyze how my experience with applying different literary and cultural theories and criticism impacted on my teaching of black American literature and literature in general.
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