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EN
The main inputs used in agriculture include biological products, chemical substances, technological systems as well as human and material factors. In general, pressure on the input side exerted by traders’ accounts for an extra profit of about 15-20% at the expense of the producers’ potential profit of a similar size. On the other hand, the annual agricultural support schemes are mostly utilized by the purchasers of produced goods due to depressed purchase prices. The establishment of an electronic marketplace and innovation space on the input side may bring about a major breakthrough in this situation improving purchase conditions in agriculture offering an opportunity to expend production through improving profitability. The objective of this research is to develop a concept for an innovative online marketplace which establish competition situation among input providers, enlarge supply side and discontinue inflexible trade structures. The present study intends to demonstrate the role that this type of new electronic marketplace may play in the life and operation of public organizations.
EN
The contemporary reality poses serious challenges to forensics. Despite the development of tactics and techniques in that field, we are often helplessly confronted with the problem of identifying a living human authoritatively, with whom there is no contact and who has undergone changes to such an extent that it is impossible to identify the person or an unknown body, the remains of the latter having changed after death or having been degenerated otherwise as a result of the incident. Throughout the past centuries the human biometric features have been used for diverse purposes, and they are now used successfully i.a. in the forensic identification of individuals. Such a necessity emerged at the moment of the accumulation of terrorist attacks and disasters (related to human acts and forces of nature), in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century. Then, the numerous international treaties were concluded, e.g. in regard to the Interpol, which led to systematising the human identification methods including biometric methods. In that venture the Interpol was obliged to create identification databases, monitor them continuously, record reported results of research, communicate and share collected information among lower-ranked organisations, have the responsibility for the quality of functioning of databases as put into service, etc. On that basis the principles of functioning of modern biometric identification systems were determined and put into practice. Digital systems for identification and verification of individual identity have been upgraded on an ongoing basis and are based on human physical characteristics such as: fingerprints, facial geometry, iris or retina of the eye, temperature distribution over the face, hand geometry, vein patterns, scent, shape and size of the lips, ears and nails, as well as on biometric behavioural features. The author described each of the physical biometric characteristics, which enable a forensic human identification.
EN
The subject of the study was interlocking directorates in Polish joint stock companies. In order to explore this area a monitoring system has been developed which consists of a database and query system. Data is automatically introduced from printed announcements into the MySQL database using PHP scripts.The phenomenon of interlocking directorates in Polish joint stock companies is comparable with other countries. Board members in Poland are significantly younger than, for example, in the USA. Women constitute an important group of board members. Insurance companies and investment funds are closely connected with other companies, but banks are not.The monitoring system developed enables us to identify who is, and who was, a board member of every joint stock company. It also enables us to identify, for every person, which board he or she now serves on, and has served on, in the past. The system also enables us to produce different reports concerning, for example, changes in certain indexes in subsequent years. The system is also accessible via the Internet.
EN
The article presents issues concerning the project of creation of the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region (Atlas gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny – AGWB) and its realization. The crucial issues are shown from linguistic, information and computer points of view, taking into account the special features of dialectal material. Information referring to the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region, a publication significant for Slavic linguistic geography, is also presented. The consecutive stages of preparing the base, i.a. preliminary choice of computer tools, suggested database structure, its subsequent modifications along with the E­R model and initial stages of system implementation (export of data, the choice of database administration system), are presented in the text. The problem of creation/modification of the phonetic alphabet (so­called ZRCola typeface vs. AGWB typeface) and the aspect of sorting data saved in this alphabet constitute separate issues for consideration. Modifications of data representation system in relation to the initial objec­ tives are discussed in the article, taking into account the future needs of users (connection with GoogleMaps application, hipermedial connections with the system of scanned source materials, etc.).
EN
Project and realization of database for the "Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region”The article presents issues concerning the project of creation of the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region (Atlas gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny – AGWB) and its realization. The crucial issues are shown from linguistic, information and computer points of view, taking into account the special features of dialectal material. Information referring to the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region, a publication significant for Slavic linguistic geography, is also presented.The consecutive stages of preparing the base, i.a. preliminary choice of computer tools, suggested database structure, its subsequent modifications along with the E­R model and initial stages of system implementation (export of data, the choice of database administration system), are presented in the text. The problem of creation/modification of the phonetic alphabet (so­called ZRCola typeface vs. AGWB typeface) and the aspect of sorting data saved in this alphabet constitute separate issues for consideration.Modifications of data representation system in relation to the initial objec­ tives are discussed in the article, taking into account the future needs of users (connection with GoogleMaps application, hipermedial connections with the system of scanned source materials, etc.).
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2022
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
159-172
EN
In times of economic recession Member states might seek new incomes. Governments of Member states should not overlook the financial potential of electronic databases consisting of personal data. The commercial use of such databases seems controversial, because the EU data protection law does not allow it directly. However, Copyright and the sui generis database right allow governments of Member states financially profit from the authorized use of databases. The aim of this article is to provide a feasible solution on the lawful commercial use of databases consisting of citizens’ data for Member states.
EN
The article presents the possibility of combining employment planning in coal companies into one entity to enhance the management of human resources within the company, and thus reduce the outsourcing. In order to achieve this aim a database containing information on employees at the company level was created. This solution makes it possible to direct the company’s employees to this mine where, in a given time horizon increase of the number of employees (due to the increased production level) is need. In addition, it enables simultaneous elimination of the so-called waste of human resources in these mines, where production level is falling.
EN
Electronic Dictionary as a Tool for Integration of Additional Learning ContentThis article discusses electronic dictionary as an element of the „Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage under the protection of UNESCO” database developed in IMI (BAS), that will be used to integrate additional learning content. The electronic dictionary is described as an easily accessible book of reference, offering information to the shape, meaning, usage and the origin of words in connection to the cultural-historical heritage sites in Bulgaria, protected by UNESCO. The dictionary targets 9–11 year old students from Bulgarian schools, who study the subjects “Man and Society” in 4th grade and “History and Civilization” in 5th grade.
EN
Nowadays, we are facing an enormous amount of data which are being produced by different systems. These must be effectively stored and visualized in order to enable their proper interpretation. In our research, we attempted to use circular data visualization applied on the Tour de France cycling race. Since this competition has over 100 years of history, a variety of data is available. Using the chord diagrams we tried to illustrate the long-term development of this race, with an emphasis on its spatial and sport aspects. Spatial dimension is characterised by the large number of stages and mountain climbs in such locations which altogether enhance the meaning of this major sporting event, while sport aspects aim to capture the significant personages on the scorecard. Circular visualization has found its application in many disciplines (genetics, demography, medicine, etc.). In our contribution, we point out its importance also in the visualization of the historical milestones of the most important multi-stage cycling event in the world.
EN
Nowadays, we are facing an enormous amount of data which are being produced by different systems. These must be effectively stored and visualized in order to enable their proper interpretation. In our research, we attempted to use circular data visualization applied on the Tour de France cycling race. Since this competition has over 100 years of history, a variety of data is available. Using the chord diagrams we tried to illustrate the long-term development of this race, with an emphasis on its spatial and sport aspects. Spatial dimension is characterised by the large number of stages and mountain climbs in such locations which altogether enhance the meaning of this major sporting event, while sport aspects aim to capture the significant personages on the scorecard. Circular visualization has found its application in many disciplines (genetics, demography, medicine, etc.). In our contribution, we point out its importance also in the visualization of the historical milestones of the most important multi-stage cycling event in the world.
11
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Internet – medium czy świat?

88%
|
2010
|
issue 1
20-32
EN
Directions of development of modern telematic technologies (computer mediated communication, mobile telephone communication) change the human communication environment to such an extent that people treat these technologies as – in some way – an ”organic”, natural equipment of a human being. The Web, especially in its mobile version, has no longer any essential barriers. This has consequences in the way of treatment of a communication act with another person (or a group): the sense of limits and barriers, which accompanied the communication via the traditional media, disappears gradually. This article is an attempt to conceptualize this new experience, crucial in developing the anthropology of the Internet, which thus ceases to be the ”medium” and – according to the ideas of Marshall McLuhan – turns out to be an extension of the human senses
EN
The EURODAC Regulation establishes the database of the fingerprints of asylum seekers. In 2015, the new EURODAC Regulation came in force and some basic concepts that were not in the previous regulation have been changed. The article analyzes the responses to the new EURODAC Regulation from UNHCR and the Commission and the threats that this new regulation is creating. This article aims to find out whether the changes introduced in the new EURODAC will bring potential discrimination concerns and whether asylum seekers are treated as potential criminals and therefore causing stigmatization of those groups of people in society. The article gives an overview of the EURODAC database, fingerprinting and biometric systems, and comparison of old and new EURODAC regulation. The full assessment of the application of the regulation can be done after it has been in force for some time
EN
Belarusian linguistic terminology: some problems of functioning and fixationThe article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and general­purpose dictionaries are under consideration.Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs.This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries.The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics.The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms.In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.
EN
Abstract and annotation as an element of bibliographic description in the iSybislaw databaseAbstract (sometimes called summary) of a scientific publication is a brief text that contains keywords. It is one of the elements of a bibliographic description in the bibliographic database iSybislaw – a modern information retrieval system. In the paper definitions of terms such as abstract, annotation and summary along with their constitutive elements are presented. A characteristics of such short texts inserted in the iSybislaw database in the fields Abstract and Abstract 2 is also given. Based on some examples excerpted from the iSybislaw system a typology of short texts, which are elements of the database bibliographic description, is proposed. The material allows to list three kinds of texts that are being used in the iSybislaw database: annotations, abstracts and biographic annotations. Abstrakt i adnotacja jako element opisu dokumentu w bazie iSybislawPrzedmiotem analizy artykułu są krótkie teksty, które stanowią jeden z elementów opisu bibliograficznego w systemie wyszukiwawczym iSybislaw. W praktyce naukowej używane są różne terminy odnoszące się do takich tekstów (abstrakt, adnotacja, streszczenie). Autor podaje ich definicje oraz wskazuje elementy konstytutywne. Na podstawie przykładów wyekscerpowanych z systemu iSybislaw przedstawia ich typologię oraz omawia miejsce i funkcje w opisie bibliograficznym.
EN
Multilingual information retrieval system of Slavic linguistics iSybislaw: challenges, achievements and opportunitiesIn multilingual information retrieval (IR) system iSybislaw we introduce a number of solutions enlarging its efficiency and effectiveness with the main tool, which presents the keyword language. In this paper the applicability and consistency of the accepted approach in the presentation of the content of documents and IR is being discussed. We use natural language (professional language based on linguistic terminology) in the construction of the keyword language and implementation of the tools of semantic organization and access to multilingual informational database. The core task is to make allowance in the retrieval database for relations of equivalence between the keywords in different Slavic languages and in the English language, which will enable the simultaneous search in different languages. Implementation of the natural language enables optimization of the IR language but on the other hand it creates problems connected with synonymy and polysemy of the terms used as keywords. Such problems are being solved with implementation of the classes of equivalent keywords, pairs and more complicated units of monosemantic keywords presenting the terms linked with each other by semantic relations.Burst-type increase of written documents in the field of linguistics requires taking effort in speeding up the processing of the growing number of repre­sentations of these documents into search database. So we decided to call upon the users (the authors of the works considered in the system) to take part in creation of the IR language in the iSybislaw system through tagging. Wielojęzyczny system informacyjno-wyszukiwawczy językoznawstwa slawistycznego iSybislaw: wyzwania, osiągnięcia i możliwościZgodnie z koncepcją użytkownikami wielojęzycznego systemu iSybislaw są przede wszystkim językoznawcy slawiści, w mniejszym zakresie badacze języków niesłowiańskich, historycy, literaturoznawcy. Budowany system informacji bibliograficznej powinien więc zaspokajać potrzeby informacyjne tej grupy specjalistów. W systemie iSybislaw zastosowano szereg rozwiązań umożliwiających zwiększenie jego efektywności i sprawności podstawowego narzędzia informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego, jakim jest język słów kluczowych. W artykule przedstawiona została przydatność i spójność przyjętej metodologii w opisie treści dokumentów i wyszukiwaniu informacji, czyli wykorzystanie języka naturalnego (języka specjalistycznego opartego na terminologii językoznawczej) do budowy języka słów kluczowych, oraz zastosowanie narzędzi semantycznej organizacji i dostępu do wielojęzycznego zasobu informacyjnego. Zadaniem kluczowym jest  uwzględnienie w zbiorze wyszukiwawczym relacji równoważności (ekwiwalencji) między słowami kluczowymi z różnych języków słowiańskich, a także z języka angielskiego, co umożliwi przeszukiwanie jednocześnie w wielu językach. Wykorzystanie języka naturalnego daje możliwości optymalizacji języka informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego, ale z drugiej strony stwarza problemy związane z synonimicznością i wieloznacznością terminów, przetwarzanych w słowa kluczowe. Problemy takie są rozwiązywane poprzez stosowanie klas ekwiwalentnych słów kluczowych oraz par lub więcej jednoznacznych słów kluczowych reprezentujących terminy, połączone ze sobą relacją znaczeniową (pojęć).Lawinowy przyrost piśmiennictwa z dziedziny językoznawstwa wymaga usprawnienia działań przyspieszających proces opracowywania coraz większego zbioru opisów tych dokumentów do zbioru wyszukiwawczego. Dlatego podjęliśmy decyzję włączenia autorów prac uwzględnianych w systemie do współtworzenia języka informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego w systemie iSybislaw poprzez możliwość tagowania.
EN
Abstract (sometimes called summary) of a scientific publication is a brief text that contains keywords. It is one of the elements of a bibliographic description in the bibliographic database iSybislaw – a modern information retrieval system. In the paper definitions of terms such as abstract, annotation and summary along with their constitutive elements are presented. A characteristics of such short texts inserted in the iSybislaw database in the fields Abstract and Abstract 2 is also given. Based on some examples excerpted from the iSybislaw system a typology of short texts, which are elements of the database bibliographic description, is proposed. The material allows to list three kinds of texts that are being used in the iSybislaw database: annotations, abstracts and biographic annotations.
PL
Przedmiotem analizy artykułu są krótkie teksty, które stanowią jeden z elementów opisu bibliograficznego w systemie wyszukiwawczym iSybislaw. W praktyce naukowej używane są różne terminy odnoszące się do takich tekstów (abstrakt, adnotacja, streszczenie). Autor podaje ich definicje oraz wskazuje elementy konstytutywne. Na podstawie przykładów wyekscerpowanych z systemu iSybislaw przedstawia ich typologię oraz omawia miejsce i funkcje w opisie bibliograficznym.
EN
Technical Features of the Architecture of an Electronic Trilingual DictionaryThis article is devoted to the development of the software system used to create an English-Russian-Ukrainian terminological dictionary. Scanned and recognized documents in MSWord format were the input data for the dictionary. Issues which appeared during the parsing of the input data are analyzed and solutions using regular expressions are identified. This article also describes the scheme of the dictionary’s lexicographical database, and its classes of models, views and view models.In addition, a detailed description of the software system from a user’s perspective is included, the prospects for the usage of the dictionary are discussed, and the methods used during the development of the system are described.The software system is built using the design pattern Model-View-View-Model. Through the use of this pattern, internal logic is separated from user interface, thus changes made in different parts of the software may be independent. The developed software system allows users to edit, to fill, and thus to create new thematic transferable electronic dictionaries. The main advantage of the system is the equality of languages, i.e. each user can decide which language is to be major. Opracowanie oprogramowania trzyjęzycznego słownika elektronicznegoArtykuł jest poświęcony opracowaniu oprogramowania rosyjsko-ukraińsko-angielskiego słownika terminologicznego. Za wejściowe dane autorzy przyjęli zeskanowane i rozpoznane dokumenty w formacie MSWord. Błędy powstałe w czasie analizy składniowej wejściowych danych zostały przeanalizowane, a autorzy wskazali drogę ich likwidacji za pomocą regularnych wyrażeń.W pracy została dokładnie opisana baza leksykograficzna danych słownika, zostały opisane klasy modelu danych i klasy modelu prezentacji systemu. Oprogramowanie jest zbudowane w taki sposób, aby można było wykorzystać szablon projektowania Model-View-ViewModel. Dzięki wykorzystaniu tego szablonu interfejs użytkowania jest oddzielony od logiki programu, co pozwala wprowadzać niezależne zmiany poszczególnych części oprogramowania.Sporządzone oprogramowanie pozwala na redagowanie, uzupełnienie i tym samym tworzenie nowych tematycznych słowników przekładowych. Zaletą systemu jest równorzędność języków. Autorzy nakreślili zarówno sposoby wykorzystania samego słownika, jak i metody jego budowania.
EN
In multilingual information retrieval (IR) system iSybislaw we introduce a number of solutions enlarging its efficiency and effectiveness with the main tool, which presents the keyword language. In this paper the applicability and consistency of the accepted approach in the presentation of the content of documents and IR is being discussed. We use natural language (professional language based on linguistic terminology) in the construction of the keyword language and implementation of the tools of semantic organization and access to multilingual informational database. The core task is to make allowance in the retrieval database for relations of equivalence between the keywords in different Slavic languages and in the English language, which will enable the simultaneous search in different languages. Implementation of the natural language enables optimization of the IR language but on the other hand it creates problems connected with synonymy and polysemy of the terms used as keywords. Such problems are being solved with implementation of the classes of equivalent keywords, pairs and more complicated units of monosemantic keywords presenting the terms linked with each other by semantic relations. Burst-type increase of written documents in the field of linguistics requires taking effort in speeding up the processing of the growing number of repre­sentations of these documents into search database. So we decided to call upon the users (the authors of the works considered in the system) to take part in creation of the IR language in the iSybislaw system through tagging.
PL
Zgodnie z koncepcją użytkownikami wielojęzycznego systemu iSybislaw są przede wszystkim językoznawcy slawiści, w mniejszym zakresie badacze języków niesłowiańskich, historycy, literaturoznawcy. Budowany system informacji bibliograficznej powinien więc zaspokajać potrzeby informacyjne tej grupy specjalistów. W systemie iSybislaw zastosowano szereg rozwiązań umożliwiających zwiększenie jego efektywności i sprawności podstawowego narzędzia informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego, jakim jest język słów kluczowych. W artykule przedstawiona została przydatność i spójność przyjętej metodologii w opisie treści dokumentów i wyszukiwaniu informacji, czyli wykorzystanie języka naturalnego (języka specjalistycznego opartego na terminologii językoznawczej) do budowy języka słów kluczowych, oraz zastosowanie narzędzi semantycznej organizacji i dostępu do wielojęzycznego zasobu informacyjnego. Zadaniem kluczowym jest uwzględnienie w zbiorze wyszukiwawczym relacji równoważności (ekwiwalencji) między słowami kluczowymi z różnych języków słowiańskich, a także z języka angielskiego, co umożliwi przeszukiwanie jednocześnie w wielu językach. Wykorzystanie języka naturalnego daje możliwości optymalizacji języka informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego, ale z drugiej strony stwarza problemy związane z synonimicznością i wieloznacznością terminów, przetwarzanych w słowa kluczowe. Problemy takie są rozwiązywane poprzez stosowanie klas ekwiwalentnych słów kluczowych oraz par lub więcej jednoznacznych słów kluczowych reprezentujących terminy, połączone ze sobą relacją znaczeniową (pojęć). Lawinowy przyrost piśmiennictwa z dziedziny językoznawstwa wymaga usprawnienia działań przyspieszających proces opracowywania coraz większego zbioru opisów tych dokumentów do zbioru wyszukiwawczego. Dlatego podjęliśmy decyzję włączenia autorów prac uwzględnianych w systemie do współtworzenia języka informacyjno-wyszukiwawczego w systemie iSybislaw poprzez możliwość tagowania.
EN
The article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and general­purpose dictionaries are under consideration. Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs. This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries. The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics. The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms. In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.
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