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EN
This paper focuses on the conception of the sphere of infl uence and its usage in research of dative case in the cognitive semantics frame. Taking as an example such authors as: Anna Wierzbicka, Ricardo Maldonado, Laura Janda, Brygida Rudzka-Ostyn and Ewa Dąbrowska, the difference in understanding and usage of this conception has been shown, from very narrow, which contains only minor of dative uses, to very wide, which shows the essence of all non-allative uses.
EN
The present study looks at the effects of structural similarities between L1 and L3 on learner performance. The main focus is on the knowledge of the dative construction in Polish learners of Portuguese. Portuguese and Polish share a number of important similarities in their use of the dative, which include functions not found in English, the learners’ L2. The main question investigated in this study is whether learners are aware of the non-banal similarities (given that they do not occur in English) and whether they can make use of that knowledge. It is found that learners do benefit from positive transfer, but that depends of the kind of function and frequency of the dative.
EN
On the basis of formal correspondences and typological data, it is argued in this brief paper that an etymological connection probably exists between the Indo-European dative suffix *-ei and the Indo-European causative element *-ei- via a morpheme which Song (1996) describes as “PURP.” Most significantly, the paper demonstrates how typological data can serve a primary role in reconstruction rather than a merely evaluative one.
EN
In Sardinian, Friulian, Rhaeto-Romance, Occitan (not considered in this work) and Franco-Provençal varieties spoken in peripheral Italian areas, the -i inflection is not totally eradicated but interacts with plural -s. The coexistence of -s and -i reflects syntactic constraints. Specifically, -i is in complementary distribution with -s or it combines with –s, giving rise to a duplicated lexicalization of plurality. In any event, it is specialized for a subset of the morpho-syntactic contexts. The distribution of -i generally involves the D domain, i.e. determiners and clitics. In some cases, -i is limited to the D elements. Different agreement systems on D and on N emerge, recalling partial or asymmetric agreement phenomena known in literature. Moreover, in the relevant varieties (-)i is in turn the inflection of the dative clitic; this suggests that (-)i is endowed with a slightly different content from plural -s, that, on the contrary, shows no connection with dative.
EN
The verb ὑπάρχω, ‘to belong to’, is frequently used in Greek papyri to denote possession in legal documents. The possessor in such constructions can be indicated by a personal pronoun in the dative or genitive. In this article, I show that the diachronic scribal and phraseological variation that is found in legal formulae with this verb points not only to an increase in the use of the genitive pronoun by individual scribes in certain constructions, but also to a general change from a dative to a genitive case in liability clauses in the Byzantine period. These changes may be connected to the process of dative case syncretism in post-Classical Greek.
EN
In the paper we investigate the semantics of possessum in dative external constructions in two related languages: Croatian and Polish. On the basis of the language corpuses we distinguish semantic groups of possessum, and then identify similarities and differences that occur between them, in view of their meaning and frequencies. Most of the similarities are noted in the group of body parts and inanimate objects or artifacts, and the biggest difference is in the kinship terms, which are numerous in the Croatian language but not in Polish.
EN
This study focuses on accounting for allomorphy in Latin case/number inflection. It attributes essentially all of it to the influence of adjacent features of standard segmental phonology on morphemes expressing case assignment. Indeed, other languages lead linguists to expect that allomorphy at a stem-suffix border can depend on any feature of a final vowel: ±Low, ±High, ±Round, ±Back, ±Consonantal or ±Syllabic. Empirically, it turns out that no two Latin stem-final vowels induce identical allomorphy in case/number suffixes, nor the same allomorphy as final consonants. Moreover, some (not much) phonologically conditioned allomorphy is phonetically opaque. These two factors have led traditional scholarship to conclude that each stem-final segment should define a separate classification of noun suffixation or “declension”. As there are basically six types of final segment (a, o, u, i, e and consonants), each then gives rise to a different declension (stems with final i are often put in some other group or considered irregular), thus creating five (or six) declensions. Tradition then goes on to analyse stem-final vowels not as part of stems but as some kind of separate morphemes called “thematic vowels” (with no role in either syntax or phonology). This essay argues rather that an unflinching modern and formal approach to inflectional allomorphy, exactly analogous to using phonology to reduce regular English plurals to a single lexical form, succeeds in sweeping away the sandcastle of Latin declensions and better captures the actual descriptive generalizations that account for Latin case inflection.
EN
The article focuses on the analysis of the North Slavic dative in its semantic (“specific” in the concepcion of Kuryłowicz and Heinz) functions. The examples are chosen from a few texts such as Old Russian Повесть временных лет or Old Polish Rozmyślanie przemyskie, Kodeks Działyńskich and other. I am exploring the meanings of dative from a traditional point of view, referring to such types as dativus commodi/incommodi, dativus possessivus, dativus finalis, dativus ethicus. The main aim of the article is to look at the phenomenon of the North Slavic dative from a diachronic perspective.
PL
Artykuł skupia się na analizach północnosłowiańskiego celownika w jego semantycznych („konkretnych” według koncepcji Kuryłowicza i Heinza) funkcjach. Przykłady zostały zaczerpnięte z kilku tekstów, m.in. staroruskiej Powieści minionych lat czy staropolskich Rozmyślania przemyskiego, Kodeksu Działyńskich i in. Badam znaczenia dativu z tradycyjnego punktu widzenia, odnosząc się do takich typów jak celownik pożytku/szkody, celownik dzierżawczy, celownik celu, celownik etyczny. Głównym celem pracy jest spojrzenie na zjawisko północnosłowiańskiego dativu z perspektywy diachronicznej.
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