Search results

1

Stalinization, de-Stalinization,and re-Stalinization.1953 behind the “Iron Curtain”

100%

Opulski R.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 2

25-39

EN

The aim of the article is to present the changesthattook place after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 in the Soviet Union and in somecountriesincluded in its “externalempire”. The “Iron Curtain”, which divided the worldintotwoparts, began to shiftafter the Generalissimo’sdeath and revealed differences in the approach of individualcountries to the „newcourse” announced by Stalin’ssuccessors. In somecountries, the death of the Kremlindictatorbeganchanges in the policy of the time, in others the methodscharacteristic of Stalinismwerecontinued, whichmeant the activity of anall-powerfulapparatus of repressionseeking real and imagined “enemies”, the central authority of unlimitedpower with mass terror and striving for totalcontrol of citizens and allmanifestations of social life. The textpresents the most importantelements of the policy of the Communistparties in the Soviet Union, GDR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria in 1953 whichwereconsistent with the process of re-Stalinization, characterized by similarity to governmentsduring the dictator’s life and de-Stalinization, thatis, the reversals of methods and toolsknown in the Stalinism period.

2

Stalinization, de-Stalinization, and re-Stalinization. 1953 behind the “Iron Curtain”

89%

Opulski R.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

|

2019

|

vol. 9

|

issue 2

PL

The aim of the article is to present the changesthattook place after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 in the Soviet Union and in somecountriesincluded in its “externalempire”. The “Iron Curtain”, which divided the worldintotwoparts, began to shiftafter the Generalissimo’sdeath and revealed differences in the approach of individualcountries to the „newcourse” announced by Stalin’ssuccessors.In somecountries, the death of the Kremlindictatorbeganchanges in the policy of the time, in others the methodscharacteristic of Stalinismwerecontinued, whichmeant the activity of anall-powerfulapparatus of repressionseeking real and imagined “enemies”, the central authority of unlimitedpower with mass terror and striving for totalcontrol of citizens and allmanifestations of social life. The textpresents the most importantelements of the policy of the Communistparties in the Soviet Union, GDR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria in 1953 whichwereconsistent with the process of re-Stalinization, characterized by similarity to governmentsduring the dictator’s life and de-Stalinization, thatis, the reversals of methods and toolsknown in the Stalinism period.

3

Vědeckotechnická revoluce a sovětská technická inteligence: Formování názorů na možnosti vývoje SSSR v 60. letech 20. století

88%

Muraško G. P.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2014

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vol. 100

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issue 1

95-111

EN

This study sets its goal to establish, on the basis of documents in the Russian archives that have been made accessible, that in the Soviet society of the 1960s a new concept was expressed about the possible development of the USSR. It was took shape in the milieu of the scientific, technical, and artistic intelligentsia and it emerged from an understanding of the social significance of the global changes that accompanied the transformation of industrially advanced countries into the new postindustrial period. The conception of potentially asserting a greater degree of freedom in public life predominated. The so-called “science cities” became the centers of these activities in the USSR. These towns had been built in various parts of the country and were equipped with top-of-the-line technical facilities and above- standard living and working conditions for the Soviet scientific elite.

4

Art for the Soviet home

88%

Reid S.

Human Affairs

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2011

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vol. 21

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issue 4

347-366

EN

As an intensive housing construction drive in the late 1950s began to provide separate apartments for millions of Soviet citizens, aesthetic experts envisioned the Soviet home as a potential site for the display of works of art and for amateur aesthetic production. In the context of de-Stalinization, reformist artists and aestheticians committed to the liberalization and modernization of Soviet artistic criteria, promoted the value of amateur art and even of home decorating in the formation of the new person who would live under communism. They also pressed for affordable art and craft to be made available to ordinary people for their new homes. Thereby they would dwell in their new apartments surrounded by beauty in their everyday lives, and would thus, the experts argued, be brought closer to communist consciousness. Moreover sales of art to individual citizens would provide an alternative income stream to fund artists’ production. The possibility of private art consumption would therefore free artists to some extent from their reliance on state commissions and from the strict stylistic and thematic norms and hierarchies of Socialist Realism as established under Stalin.

5

The Vanishing Soviet Utopia in Hungary in the Light of de-Stalinization – Soviet Union as the Land of Modernization in the Hungarian Press 1950–1958

75%

Takács R.

Central European Papers

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 1

132-149

EN

The Stalinist Soviet Union integrated Hungary – and the nations of Central Europe – by 1949 forcing the Soviet-style political dictatorship and economic system to these societies and emphasizing the importance of the Soviet example in the modernization of all spheres from automation through cotton harvesting to public libraries. Stalinized publicity was saturated with information on the Soviet Union. After March 1953, it became clear that a different, more effective Soviet Union propaganda was necessary; however the first delegation of writers and journalists could only enter the Soviet Union in late 1955. December 1955 was the exact date of the launching of the first organized Hungarian tourist groups to Kiev, Leningrad and Moscow as well – after the ‘years of delegations’. The revolution of 1956 brought another twist in this regard and efforts were made to shape a renewed friendly image of Khrushchev’s empire. Emphasis within modernization changed in this period – but the main goal of modernizing and overtaking the ‘capitalist world’ did not. The paper strives to reveal and analyse these changing attitudes and motives in depicting the Soviet Union as a modern empire. It thrives to explore the different threads in the de-Stalinization process – what changes stemmed from changing politics and policies, technical development and where we can grab the de-Stalinization of journalism and publicity.

6

Pozorna próba „destalinizacji” warszawskiej adwokatury w 1956 r., cz. 1 – analiza. Otwarte zebranie podstawowej organizacji partyjnej PZPR przy izbie adwokackiej w Warszawie 26 i 30 października 1956 r.

51%

Zaborski M.

Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda

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2021

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vol. t. 4

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issue 1 (7)

128-155

EN

The study consists of two parts. The first part is an analysis of the issue already mentioned in the title, while the second part contains redacted sources (they will be published in the next issue). The aim of the study is to present the so-called open meeting of the ‘Basic Party Organization’ of the Polish United Workers’ Party [PZPR], operating at the Bar Association in Warsaw, which took place in the last days of October 1956, during the so-called political thaw. This ‘open meeting’ was meant to be interpreted – according to the intention of its organizers from the PZPR – in the context of the so-called de-Stalinization at the Warsaw Bar. The course of this meeting, however, proves that the real intention of the Basic Party Organization within the Warsaw Bar was not to de-Stalinize, but to quickly close the question of accountability for the 1945-1956 period.

PL

Opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Część pierwsza to analiza tytułowego zagadnienia zaś część drugą stanowią opracowane źródła (opublikowane zostaną w następnym zeszycie). Celem studium jest ukazanie tzw. otwartego zebrania Podstawowej Organizacji Partyjnej Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej, funkcjonującej przy Izbie Adwokackiej w Warszawie, które odbyło się w ostatnich dniach października 1956 r., w okresie tzw. odwilży politycznej. Owo „otwarte zebranie” miało oznaczać – wedle zamiaru jego organizatorów z PZPR – przeprowadzenie tzw. destalinizacji w adwokaturze izby warszawskiej. Przebieg tego zebrania przekonuje jednak, że prawdziwym zamiarem POP przy IA w Warszawie była nie destalinizacja, ale szybkie zamknięcie kwestii rozliczenia okresu lat 1945-1956.

7

„Hycle od sprawiedliwości socjalistycznej” – otwarte zebranie podstawowej organizacji partyjnej PZPR przy izbie adwokackiej w Warszawie 26 i 30 października 1956 r. Część II: dokumenty

51%

Zaborski M.

Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda

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2021

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vol. t. 4

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issue 2 (8)

444-473

EN

The study consists of two parts. The first part (published in issue no. 7) is an analysis of the issue already mentioned in the title, while the second part contains redacted sources. The aim of the study is to present the so-called open meeting of the ‘Basic Party Organization’ of the Polish United Workers’ Party [PZPR], operating at the Bar Association in Warsaw, which took place in the last days of October 1956, during the so-called political thaw. This ‘open meeting’ was meant to be interpreted – according to the intention of its organizers from the PZPR – in the context of the so-called de-Stalinization at the Warsaw Bar. The course of this meeting, however, proves that the real intention of the Basic Party Organization within the Warsaw Bar was not to de-Stalinize, but to quickly close the question of accountability for the 1945-1956 period. The document presented in the second part of the study is the Protocol of the open session of the Basic Party Organization of the Polish United Workers’ Party, operating at the Bar Association in Warsaw, of October 26 and 30, 1956. It has not been published in whole or in part so far.

PL

Opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Część pierwsza to analiza tytułowego zagadnienia (opublikowana w nr 7) zaś część drugą, zamieszczoną poniżej, stanowią opracowane źródła. Celem studium jest ukazanie przebiegu tzw. otwartego zebrania Podstawowej Organizacji Partyjnej [dalej: POP] Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej [dalej: PZPR], funkcjonującej przy Izbie Adwokackiej [dalej: IA] w Warszawie, które odbyło się w ostatnich dniach października 1956 r., w okresie tzw. odwilży politycznej. Owo „otwarte zebranie” miało oznaczać – wedle zamiaru jego organizatorów z PZPR – przeprowadzenie tzw. destalinizacji w adwokaturze izby warszawskiej. Przebieg tego zebrania przekonuje jednak, że prawdziwym zamiarem POP przy IA w Warszawie była nie destalinizacja, ale szybkie zamknięcie kwestii rozliczenia okresu lat 1945-1956.

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2 Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda

2 The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

1 Central European Papers

1 Human Affairs

1 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2 2021

2 2019

2 2014

1 2011

2 Opulski R.

2 Zaborski M.

1 Muraško G. P.

1 Reid S.