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The Effect of Training on the Effectiveness of Deception Detection

100%
Dzida J.
European Polygraph
|
2022
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2(56)
23-35
EN
The research conducted aims at determining the impact of short training on the trainee’s ability to detect deception with the use of non-instrumental methods of detection of deception. As the criminal procedure permits such methods of detection of deception, the results of the research are practical. The research was carried out on a group of participants given the task to watch a video recording and conclude whether the person presented told the truth or lied. Subsequently, the participants were given a short training on both verbal and non-verbal deception cues, illustrated with examples taken from the video they had watched. In the second leg of the test, the participants watched another video and decided whether the person presented was truthful or deceptive (on the grounds of deception cues they spotted). The results showed that the training improved participants’ ability to detect deception by c. 22%.
2
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Essentials of the Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) Strength: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Comparison Question Test (CQT)

75%
Ginton A.
European Polygraph
|
2019
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vol. 13
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issue 4(50)
181-201
EN
The essentials of the Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) theoretical framework for explaining the Comparison Question Test (CQT) (Ginton, 2009), is presented here in a detailed outline format. It is based on the notion that examinees who lie on the test in the relevant questions are attached psychologically to the relevant issue in a different way than the truth-tellers. An essential difference is the strength by which the suspect’s attention is directed, focused, and bound to the relevant issue. These aspects of attention in the context of polygraph examinations are coined, Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) Strength. Th e RIG strength is assumed to distribute differently between the liars and the truth-tellers. There is reason to believe that liars hold a stronger RIG compared to the truthful subjects, and eventually, that affects the differential reactivity to the relevant vs. comparison questions. The following describes the rationale behind the RIG concept, some supporting data, and the theoretical as well as practical implications.
3
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Wskaźniki kłamstwa w wypowiedziach na różne tematy

75%
Ulatowska J.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
|
2013
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vol. 16
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issue 1
107-146
PL
Prezentowane badanie stanowi próbę analizy wypowiedzi, zawierających prawdę i kłamstwo, pod kątem obecności wskaźników oszukiwania. Czterech niezależnych sędziów przeanalizowało 80 wypowiedzi na trzy różne tematy: pozorowanej kradzieży, opinii na tematy społeczne oraz opisu znajomego. Celem tej analizy była ocena natężenia 11 wskaźników behawioralnych. Połowa z wypowiedzi zawierała kłamstwo. Zakładano, że na podstawie ocen sędziów nie będzie można odróżnić wypowiedzi prawdziwych od nieprawdziwych, a za wrażenie wiarygodności będą odpowiadały raczej subiektywne, a nie rzeczywiste wskaźniki kłamstwa. Ponadto natężenie obecności poszczególnych wskaźników będzie różne w zależności od tematu wypowiedzi. Wyniki częściowo potwierdziły hipotezy - mimo że na podstawie większości wskaźników nie można było trafnie rozróżnić osób prawdomównych od kłamców, to za ogólne wrażenie wiarygodności odpowiadały przede wszystkim wskaźniki rzeczywiste. Dodatkowo, zgodnie z założeniami, oceny obecności wskaźników zależały od tematu wypowiedzi.
EN
The current study was designed to assess the presence of deception indicators in truthful and deceptive statements. Four independent raters watched 80 statements on three different topics and evaluated the presence of 11 different cues to deception. It was hypothesized that it would be impossible to accurately differentiate between truthful and deceptive statements based on raters' evaluation and that the ratings of credibility would be based on stereotypical beliefs about cues to deception rather than on the objective indicators of deception. Moreover, different deception topics would result in different patterns of indicators. The results partially supported the hypothesis - the raters' evaluations did not make it possible to differentiate truth from lies; however, it was usually the objective cues that were used to predict the credibility of statements. Moreover, different accounts resulted in different patterns of cues to deception.
4
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Porovnání přesnosti detekce pravdy a lži mezi policisty ČR a studenty ekonomiky a managementu

63%
Mynaříková L.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
|
2015
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vol. 9
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issue 3
40-50
EN
The study looks at the ability to detect nonverbal deception among police officers and economics and management students in the Czech Republic. Respondents from police departments (n=197) and university students of human resources (n=161) completed a deception detection task and evaluated veracity of the statements of suspects in 21 videos from real crime investigations. Their evaluations were based on nonverbal behavior. Voices in the video clips were modified so that words were not recognizable, yet paraverbal voice characteristics were preserved. Results suggest respondents have a tendency to so-called lie bias, i.e. a tendency to evaluate the statements preferably as deceptive. In the evaluation of video clips, stereotypes also played a significant role. The statements of suspects of a different ethnicity, younger age or specific visual features were considered deceitful more often. Research might be beneficial for training professionals, who use techniques of deception detection in crime investigation, for identification of deception during job interviews or in other fields.
CS
Cílem studie je sledovat dovednost neverbální detekce pravdy a lži mezi policisty a studenty ekonomiky a managementu. Příslušníci Policie ČR (n=197) a studenti ekonomiky a managementu (n=161) hodnotili pravdivost výpovědí v 21 videoklipech z reálného vyšetřování trestných činů. Jejich hodnocení byla založená na pozorování neverbálního chování. Zvuková stopa ve videozáznamech byla modifikována, aby nebylo možné rozeznat konkrétní slova, ale aby zůstaly zachovány paraverbální charakteristiky řeči. Výsledky naznačují tendenci respondentů k tzv. lie bias při hodnocení výpovědí, tedy tendenci posuzovat výpovědi spíše jako lživé. Významnou roli hrály také stereotypy. Výpovědi podezřelých odlišné národnosti, nižšího věku nebo s výraznými vzhledovými rysy byly častěji označovány jako lživé. Výzkum může být přínosný pro výcvik profesionálů, kteří využívají techniky detekce lži při vyšetřování trestných činů, k identifikaci klamání při výběrových řízeních i v dalších oblastech.
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