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Problems Related to Determining of a Single Economic Entity under Competition Law

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Moisejevas R., Urbonas D.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

2017

vol. 10(16)

107-126

The article explores the problems related to the determination of a single economic unit under competition law. The first part of the article addresses the concept of a single economic entity. It is presumed that companies belonging to a group are separate undertakings, but under certain circumstances the group might constitute a single economic entity. The second part refers to the analysis of the concept of ‘control’, which is the main criterion describing the relationship inside a group of companies. The third part refers to the analysis of the cases when de jure separate undertakings are recognized as a single economic entity. When a company exercises decisive influence over another company, they form a single economic entity and, hence, are part of the same undertaking. Decisive influence is the most important criterion for recognizing that de jure separate undertakings constitute a single economic unit. Finally, the fourth part refers to problems concerning the presumption of the decisive influence. It is presumed that a parent company exercises a decisive influence over a subsidiary where it holds 100 percent of capital. Thus, separate companies are recognized as a single economic unit, if 100 percent of a company’s capital is owned by the controlling entity.

Rozdział własnościowy przedsiębiorstw energetycznych zintegrowanych pionowo a problematyka inwestorów finansowych w świetle przepisów dyrektywy 2009/72/WE

100%

Radziński M.

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny

2015

vol. 4

issue 3

8-23

Celem artykułu jest omówienie najbardziej restrykcyjnej formy unbundlingu, tj. rozdziału własnościowego przedsiębiorstw energetycznych zintegrowanych pionowo oraz wpływu niniejszego instrumentu regulacyjnego na działalność inwestorów finansowych, w kontekście nowych regulacji prawnych wprowadzonych w ramach tzw. trzeciego pakietu energetycznego.

The aim of this article is to shed some light on ownership unbundling provisions, as well as their impact on financial investors, in the context of new rules introduced under the so-called Third Energy Package.

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1 Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

1 internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny

1 2017

1 2015

1 Moisejevas R.

1 Radziński M.

1 Urbonas D.

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Problems Related to Determining of a Single Economic Entity under Competition Law

Rozdział własnościowy przedsiębiorstw energetycznych zintegrowanych pionowo a problematyka inwestorów finansowych w świetle przepisów dyrektywy 2009/72/WE