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PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja zjawiska decouplingu, czyli rozdzielenia, polityki wspólnotowej i praktyki w państwach członkowskich na przykładzie Polski wobec przedsiębiorców przeżywających trudności finansowe, wskazanie na ich wpływ na funkcjonowanie instytucji upadłości i restrukturyzacji, a także zarysowanie kierunków przyszłych badań. Kiedy oczekiwania uczestników obrotu gospodarczego nie są zgodne z interesami formułowanymi w politykach Unii Europejskiej, państwa członkowskie mogą próbować uzyskać legitymizację poprzez formułowanie odpowiednich formalnych działań bez zmiany faktycznych praktyk. Zjawisko to określa się w języku angielskim jako decoupling, czyli rozdzielenie, rozłączenie. W artykule wykorzystano wyniki badań prowadzonych przez autorów artykułu w ramach grantu UMO – 2013/09/B/HS4/03605 finansowanego przez NCN pt. „Ocena poziomu rzeczywistej ochrony praw wierzycieli w Polsce w latach 2004–2012. Koszty transakcyjne dochodzenia praw z umów”.
Management
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
225-238
EN
Any organizations, pursuing their goals, they should take into account others, as they are compelled to a joint coexistence. In order to grow, they need plans and rules of conduct. But not always what was intended is actually implemented. That discrepancy is called decoupling. This phenomenon may be due to different levels of acceptance and implementation of rules, which is associated with the process of sensemaking and sensegiving. The first phenomenon involves the creation of meaning, where the new rule is not yet fully developed and understood, and so it must be properly interpreted only to implement the action. In this process, people give meaning to their experiences. If the process of creating a sense is successful, occurring practices are accepted by the members of the organization, and finally implemented. Sensegiving is about exerting influence in terms of the proper understanding of the rules, in order to create an appropriate definition of organizational reality. Moral attitude of employees may be important in minimizing the effect of negative attitudes associated with decoupling. Therefore, there is a need for constant training of employees in ethical issues. The aim of the article is to present the potential significance of sensemaking and sensegiving for decoupling, and explain the role of increasing ethical awareness for neutralizing decoupling resulting from conscious actions of organizational actors.
EN
Research background: The production and use of energy satisfies human needs, but also gives rise to a host of adverse environmental pressures, such as air pollution and waste generation. The issue of energy efficiency and climate chance resonates in the energy sector as one of the main producers of green-house gas emissions (GHG). While the European Union in general is doing well in reducing emissions and increasing the share of renewables, unfortunately, there are countries that are still far from reaching their goal. Purpose of the article: The paper is focused on the quantitative assessment of the link between the economic growth of the energy sector and the production of GHG emissions by the energy sector in V4 countries during the period 1995?2016. For this purpose, decoupling analysis will be realized. Methods: The decoupling of economic growth and the environmental pressures caused by this growth has a rich tradition within the sustainable development literature. The decoupling method was chosen for its ability to link economic and environmental indicators. Decoupling elasticity will be calculated with the aim of assessing the relationship between the economic growth of the energy sector (measured in GVA) and GHG emissions produced by the energy sector in V4 countries within the research period. Decoupling elasticity indicates different forms of the decoupling and coupling of the two variables. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis suggest the prevailing strong decoupling of the economic growth of the energy sector and GHG emissions produced by the energy sector, which can be considered a positive trend. The findings of this paper are relevant for the government, state and public institutions and stakeholders in general, who play important roles in the preparation of programs, projects and policies to make energy generation, transport and use more efficient and environmentally sustainable.
EN
The approach of environmental competitiveness evaluation of certain territory, which is based on the waste management as an example, is considered in the context of the international experience of the development and the improving of local environmental policies. The authors emphasize that the creating of special mechanisms of environmental policy in conditions of deepening decentralization is expedient. Such mechanisms should include: the creation of local programs of sustainable development and environmental policy to solve urgent local problems, the growth of ecological competitiveness of territories, the provision of advisory and educational services for strengthening of personnel potential in the environmental protection and the territorial development spheres. The ways of implementation of the positive experience of the European Union for Ukraine are established. Its connections to applications of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment in the creation processes of local policies, projects and programs are demonstrated. In addition, the need to introduce of indicators of the financial efficiency instruments in the framework of environmental protection activity and rationalization of nature using is substantiated. The particular indicators are proposed to use: the indicator of industrial revitalization founding by the enterprise’s sales volume, the indicator of environmental sanctions share’s by the sales volume, the indicator of environmental expenses of production by the sales volume.
EN
Decoupling has been diagnosed since the second half of the last century. It is conceived as a kind of separation, appearing in a variety of organisations, in situations in which established principles or rules, aimed at normalising interpersonal relationships or governing the rules of conduct, despite being officially established, are  not implemented. Another situation may also occur. It arises when individuals know and accept the guidelines, but for multiple – often subjective – reasons, they do not materialize as they are blocked by individual decisions. This results in serious consequences of a social, economic, legal or managerial nature. How they be prevented? Solutions based upon ethics seem to be a sound base to counteract the destructive consequences of decoupling. Human conscience is one of the fundamental ethical categories. Deep rooted in every person, it shapes behaviour, even though its impact can also be minimised. It turns out that a properly formed conscience gives better results in personal activity on both the individual and human levels. Also, conscience enables the correct interpretation of what is prohibited and what is expected, and thus becomes the perfect tool for countering decoupling. Finally, it can be assumed that as long as man has a well-constituted conscience and follows its guidance, the negative effects of a split between the recognized rules and their actual observance can be minimised.
PL
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PL
Cel: Badania przedstawione w artykule są zorientowane na analizę sposobu postrzegania przez ekspertów praktyk szczupłej rachunkowości zarządczej w przedsiębiorstwach, które prowadzą działalność na terenie Polski. Jako centralny element teoretyczny przyjęto kon-strukt rozwarstwiania wywodzący się teorii neoinstytucjonalnej. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Materiał empiryczny zebrany w formie wywiadów z eks-pertami przeanalizowano stosując metodę jakościowej analizy treści. Wyniki: Omawiane przez ekspertów praktyki szczupłej rachunkowości zarządczej nace-chowane były licznymi niekonsekwencjami, które świadczą o rywalizujących logikach za-rządzania przedsiębiorstwem i roli rachunkowości. Wykazano, że rozbieżności założeń charak-teryzujące poszczególne logiki znalazły odzwierciedlenie w rozwarstwieniu wewnętrznego systemu informacyjnego. Rozwarstwianie to miało charakter wielowymiarowy i było po-wiązane z kompleksowym oddziaływaniem czynników społecznych. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: Badania, chociaż przeprowadzone na stosunkowo wąskiej grupie ekspertów, dają pogląd na znaczenie czynników instytucjonalnych jako determinant praktyk rachunkowości zarządczej. Oryginalność/wartość: Wyniki badań potwierdzają, że praktyki szczupłej rachunkowości zarządczej realizowane w heterogenicznym polu instytucjonalnym mają trwale hybrydowy charakter.
EN
Purpose: The research presented in the article focused on analyzing how experts perceive lean management accounting practices in companies that operate in Poland. The construct of decoupling derived from the neo-institutional theory was adopted as the main theoretical lens. Methodology/approach: The empirical material collected in the form of interviews with experts was studied using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The practices of lean management accounting discussed by the experts were characterized by numerous inconsistencies linked to competing logics of the enterprise management and the accounting role. We show that the contradictions in the assumptions of particular logics were reflected in the decoupling of the internal information system. The decoupling was multidimensional and related to the complex influence of social factors. Research limitations/implications: The research, although conducted on a relatively narrow group of experts, gives an insight into the impact of institutional factors as deter-minants of management accounting practices. Originality/value: The results confirmed that the lean accounting practices implemented in the heterogeneous institutional field are hybrid in character.
PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i wyjaśnienie instytucjonalnych mechanizmów kształtujących systemy pomiaru osiągnięć. W przedstawianych badaniach empirycznych systemu ewaluacji jakości działalności naukowej wyjaśniono analizowane praktyki pomia-ru stosując konstrukty legitymizacji sprzecznej oraz kontrłączenia. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Badania przeprowadzono metodą studium przypadku. Bardzo szeroki i różnorodny materiał empiryczny dotyczący założeń i zastosowania wybra-nych praktyk pomiaru przeanalizowano stosując metodę jakościowej analizy treści. Wyniki: Analiza materiału empirycznego pozwoliła na ujawnienie oddziaływania obowią-zujących w Polsce rozbieżnych logik akademickiej kariery naukowej. Odzwierciedleniem wielowymiarowej heterogeniczność otoczenia instytucjonalnego były dwie zidentyfikowane warstwy praktyk pomiaru osiągnięć powiązane z logikami: merytoryczną oraz pragma-tyczno-populistyczną. Wykazano, że obie warstwy zostały w obowiązującym systemie ewa-luacji scalone drogą zastosowania taktyki blackboxingu i etykietowania legitymizującego, tworząc konstrukcję charakterystyczną dla tzw. kontrłączenia. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: Przyjęta strategia badawcza sprawia, że wnioski z badań powinny zostać zweryfikowane kolejnymi studiami praktyk pomiaru osiągnięć różnego typu. Oryginalność/wartość: Wyniki badań potwierdzają, że legitymizacja w warunkach hete-rogenicznego i dynamicznego otoczenia instytucjonalnego w specyficzny sposób oddziałuje na praktyki rachunkowości, w tym systemy pomiaru osiągnięć. Zaprezentowany mechanizm wpływu legitymizacji sprzecznej wyjaśnia dlaczego, pomiar osiągnieć stosowany w praktyce może wydawać się nieracjonalny z perspektywy normatywnych zaleceń.
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify and explain the institutional mechanisms that shape performance measurement systems. In the empirical research of a system for evaluating the quality of scientific activities, measurement practices were explained using the constructs of contending legitimacy and counter-coupling. Methodology/approach: The research was conducted using a case study method. A very broad and diverse set of empirical material concerning the assumptions and application of selected measurement practices were analysed using the method of qualitative content analysis. Findings: The analysis of the empirical material revealed the impact of the divergent logics of an academic career in Poland. The multidimensional heterogeneity of the institu-tional environment was reflected in two identified layers of performance measurement practices related to logics: meritocratic and pragmatic-populistic. It has been shown that these layers were merged in the current evaluation system through blackboxing and legit-imacy labelling tactics, creating a construction that is characteristic of counter-coupling. Research limitations/implications: The adopted research strategy means that the con-clusions of the research should be verified by subsequent studies of the practices of meas-uring various types of achievement. Originality/value: The findings confirm that legitimacy in a heterogeneous and dynamic institutional environment has a specific impact on accounting practices, including perfor-mance measurement systems. The demonstrated mechanism of the influence of contending legitimacy explains why performance measurement practices may seem irrational from the perspective of normative recommendations.
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