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The Quality of deductive Reasoning in Inferring Words from Context: Comparison of the Performance of Standard and Talented 9–10 Year Old Pupils

100%
Kovalčíková I., Ropovik I., Ferjencik J., Bobakova M., Slavkovská M., Filičková M.
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education
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2014
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issue 6
41 - 66
EN
The primary intention of the presented paper is to contribute to the understanding of 1. what deductive-hypothetical reasoning is and 2. what deductive inference is, manifested in the ability to decode and learn words from context. The WCT - WORD CONTEXT TEST (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan & Kramer, 2001) was used for measuring the two dependent variables (level of hypothetical thinking and ability to infer the meaning of words from context). This test is a separate part of the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan & Kramer, 2001). On the basis of the results obtained in the process of the administration of the tool on a sample of 9–10 year-old pupils attending standard schools and pupils educated in classes for the gifted, we explore the level of hypothetical-deductive thinking in both groups of pupils. We use the obtained data to make the following analysis of the relationship between a pupil’s intelligence and: a) level of hypothetical reasoning; and b) level of ability to infer the meaning of words from context among standard pupils; analysis of differences in: a) level of hypothetical reasoning; and b) level of ability to infer the meaning of words in context between gifted pupils and standard pupils.
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Expert report

88%
Křístek L., Tobíšek J.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2016
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vol. 6
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issue 1
49-53
EN
This article deals with activities carried out by experts in general. We study the structure of an expert report based on deductive reasoning. Using their professional knowledge experts deduce from known premises(evidence) conclusions as answers to certain questions. Basic attributes of expert reports include truthfulness(correctness) and verifiability.
3
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Yet Another Shade of Deduction. On measuring deductive flexibility and how it may relate to other cognitive abilities

75%
Żyluk N., Michta M., Urbański M.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 4 Special Issue on Logic, Cognition, Argumentation. Guest Editors: Mariusz Urbański, Michiel van Lambalgen and Marcin Koszowy
517-543
EN
The article describes the construction process of Deductive Flexibility Test  considered a difficult deductive reasoning measure – and the research on correlations between fluency in difficult deductive reasoning and other cognitive abilities. The main goal in the research was to examine the relations between Deductive Flexibility Test scores and results of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices – fluid intelligence test. Additionally, the measures of the need for cognitive closure and epistemological understanding were included in the study. The results of the study revealed that Deductive Flexibility Test is a reliable instrument and thus can be used for research purposes. We found low or even no statistically significant correlations between the chosen variables. The directions of further research are discussed.
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