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Human activity and aeolian relief of Starczynów “Desert”, Poland

100%
Pełka-Gościniak J.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
|
2013
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vol. 1
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issue 3
1-6
EN
Starczynów „Desert” is located in the eastern part of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) and makes a compact area with the occurrence of aeolian sands, which till the 1960s. were intensively blown. Its flat surface is diversified by many dunes of different shapes and sizes. Aeolian coversands are formed here as a cover of changing thickness. The „desert” is not a typical dry climatic area. The term Starczynów „Desert” refers to the area of occurrence of bare sands and aeolian processes and makes a geographical name that can be found on topographic maps. Its development was conditioned by human activity, where since the Middle Ages dense forest areas have been cut to obtain timber for the needs of contemporary mining and metallurgy of lead and silver ores causing the activation of aeolian processes at sandy substratum, built from the Vistulian proluvial-deluvial deposits. In the formation of the aeolian relief of Starczynów „Desert” it is possible to distinguish some stages of intensive wind activity: the 13th-15th centuries, the 16th-17th centuries, the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. In present times human interference in the environment of Starczynów „Desert” consists of fixing sandy areas to protect them from deflation. Human damage exists here in the aeolian relief through terrain levelling and building fire escape roads. In the north-eastern part of the „desert” sand was exploited, therefore a sandpit appeared. This area was subject to the activity of mining for Zn-Pb ores, which caused numerous collapsed cones. In the last few years this part of the „desert” was properly reclaimed.
2
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When Does the Integration of Mitigation and Adaptation in the Land Use Sector Actually Makes Sense?

88%
López Ramírez M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2016
|
issue 46
101-119
EN
The phenomenon of climate change is addressed through two main strategies: mitigation and adaptation. It is broadly recognized that both strategies are interrelated, yet in the land use sector this connection is particularly strong. In fact, the mentioned sector is one of the most promising areas to combine mitigation and adaptation into a single intervention. In spite of its potential, in practice mitigation and adaptation are still treated as two different policy instruments. Concerns about efficiency have emerged as a result of such a dichotomy. However, how to manage an integrated implementation of mitigation and adaptation is still poorly understood. In this research paper, enabling conditions for an enhanced policy outcome in the land use sector were studied. Specifically, a dynamic optimization problem based on the concept of forest transition – the process of changes in forest cover over time as a country or region develops in social and economic terms – was suggested and solved. Forest transition was used to define initial value problems. After that, steady states were characterized for an unregulated economy and different policy configurations. The results show that partial policy interventions (only adaptation or only mitigation) improved the unregulated economy situation but delivered sub-optimal land allocation. It is only under an integrated implementation that optimality can be restored.
3
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Rola lasów w polityce klimatycznej

63%
Gwiazdowicz M., Kowalczewski T.
Studia BAS
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2012
|
issue 1(29)
55-83
EN
This article describes the role of forests in climate change policy. It examines the inclusion of the forestry sector into the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, focusing mainly on two concepts currently being developed in international debates: LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). In addition to providing an overview and analysis of these concepts, the article also outlines their potential consequences for forests in Poland and reviews the EU actions to include the forestry sector into European climate policy. Finally, some issues related to forest use for carbon offsetting and energy generation are discussed as well.
4

Wyzwania dla zrównoważonego zarządzania gospodarką leśną w Chinach

63%
Gacek Ł.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 9: Sinologia
69-89
EN
This paper aims at assessing the challenges for sustainable forest management in China. The Communist government is going to improve the essential ecosystem by restoring severely degraded forests. It wants to enhance the biodiversity of natural systems as well as prevent, control and reverse desertification. It defines actions that could be taken to prevent deforestation and land degradation. The forest policy focuses on environmental protection and emphasizes the ecological and socio-economic functions of forests resources. It mainly underlines their protective and regulatory functions to sequester carbon by capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Currently, China has to primarily improve the implementation and enforcement of existing laws and regulations at the local level as well as raise environmental awareness of Chinese community.
PL
Głównym celem opracowania jest zdefiniowanie wyzwań dla zrównoważonej gospodarki leśnej w Chinach. Komunistyczny rząd dąży do przywracania podstawowych funkcji ekosystemu poprzez sadzenie drzew. Dąży do zwiększenia różnorodności biologicznej i odwrócenia procesu pustynnienia. Określa działania, które mogą być podjęte w celu zapobiegania wylesianiu i degradacji gruntów. Polityka leśna skupia się na ochronie środowiska jak również podkreśleniu ekologiczno-przyrodniczych, społecznych i gospodarczych funkcji leśnych ekostemów. Drzewa spełniają funkcję ochronne pochłaniając i neutralizując substancje toksyczne, tj. dwutlenek węgla w procesie fotosyntezy. Obecnie przed Chinami stoi konieczność poprawy skuteczności w zakresie wdrażania i egzekwowania prawa ochrony środowiska na szczeblu lokalnym, jak i kwestia systematycznego podnoszenia świadomości ekologicznej wśród obywateli Państwa Środka.
5
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Namibian pre-service science teachers’ perspectives on environmental issues

51%
Kasanda C., Zealand D., Taylor N.
Economic and Environmental Studies
|
2014
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vol. 14
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issue 1(29)
21-37
EN
As with many countries worldwide, Namibia is, despite its relatively small population and stable government, facing some significant environmental problems. This research sought to determine how a group of potentially influential tertiary-level students perceived the state of the environment in Namibia. To this end, a cohort of 20 preservice science teachers were interviewed to determine their perceptions of the environmental issues facing Namibia. The majority of the cohort identified deforestation as the major such issue. They also associated this concern with other problems such as soil erosion, salinity, and desertification. Some also raised concerns about global warming and associated climate change; several of the preservice teachers believed the country was already experiencing the effects of this. Although the population of Namibia is quite small relative to its area, the future teachers perceived population growth as a problem contributing to both environmental and social problems. All viewed education as key to reducing family size and alleviating social and environmental problems. However, none of the cohort made any connection between increasing patterns of consumption and environmental degradation.
PL
Jak wiele krajów na całym świecie, Namibia, poza względnie niewielką populacją i stabilnym rządem, boryka się z poważnymi problemami środowiskowymi. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań ukierunkowanych na określenie, w jaki sposób grupa potencjalnie wpływowych studentów trzeciego stopnia pedagogiki postrzega stan środowiska w Namibii. W tym celu przeprowadzono wywiady z grupą 20 przyszłych nauczycieli, aby zbadać ich postrzeganie wyzwań środowiskowych, przed jakimi stoi Namibia. Większa część respondentów stwierdziła, że głównym problemem jest wylesianie. Kojarzyli oni również zagrożenia środowiskowe z erozją, zasoleniem oraz pustynnieniem. Niektóre osoby wskazywały na globalne ocieplenie i powiązane z nim zmiany klimatyczne, kilku studentów uważało, że kraj już cierpi z powodu tych zjawisk. Pomimo że populacja Namibii jest dość niewielka w porównaniu do jej powierzchni, przyszli nauczyciele uznali wzrost liczby ludności za problem zarówno środowiskowy, jak też społeczny. Wszyscy respondenci postrzegali edukację jako klucz do zmniejszenia wielkości rodzin oraz złagodzenia problemów środowiskowych i społecznych. Jednak żaden z uczestników badania nie powiązał degradacji środowiska z umacniającymi się wzorcami konsumpcyjnymi.
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