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PL
Współczesne ruchy populistyczne – przedstawione jako typ idealny (antyelityzm, demagogia, „obywatelizm”, spiskowa interpretacja, proste rozwiązania, ekskluzywizm) – są analizowane zgodnie z weberowskim podejściem badawczym oraz agendą badań. Kieruje to uwagę na dominujące orientacje, role przywódców, relacje pomiędzy przywódcami i aktywistami oraz na cykliczny charakter ruchów. Ruchy te pojawiają się w okresach gwałtownych przemian społecznych i towarzyszących im kryzysów. Ich następstwami jest zwolnienie racjonalizacji polityki i cykliczne degeneracje elit politycznych. Prowadzą one do osłabienia głównych instytucji politycznych: państwa, rządów prawa oraz demokratycznych rozliczeń przywódców politycznych.
EN
Contemporary populist movements – outlined as an ideal type (antielitism, demagogy, „citizenism”, conspiracy accounts, simple solutions, exclusivism) – are analysed according to the Weberian approach and research agenda. They focus on dominant orientations, the importance of leadership, relationships between leaders, activists and followers, and – importantly – on the cyclical trajectories of movements. Populist movements erupt at the times of rapid social change and the accompanying crises. They delay rationalisation of politics by causing degeneration of political elites and political „decay”, that is weakening the core political institutions of the state, rule of law, and democratic accountability of political leader
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Zanikanie elit społecznych

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EN
The governing group, along with the wealthy, educated and famous elites of the social elites. They combine their common institutions, standards of conduct, social bond and awareness of group membership. The elites are unstable – they collapse as a result of wars, revolutions, but also as a result of degeneration. The elites remain at the top of the social pyramid only when they have developed the ability to get rid of the degenerate elements and the inflow of fresh qualities that are useful in the next epoch of social development. At the same time degeneration is ongoing and continuous. Degeneration accelerates with the elimination of the elite for exchange with the environment. In the 20th century, the process of degeneration of the elite intensified through its participation in the lie of communism and in the system of fascist crimes. The rebirth of the elite requires education of conscience and increased responsibility for all social activities undertaken.
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