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I think (that) something's missing: Complementizer deletion in nonnative e-mails

100%
Durham M.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 3
421-445
EN
Sociolinguistic competence is not often examined in nonnative English acquisition. This is particularly true for features where the variants are neither stylistically nor socially constrained, but rather are acceptable in all circumstances. Learning to use a language fully, however, implies being able to deal with this type of ‘difficulty,’ and understanding what type of variable features nonnative speakers acquire with ease and which ones they do not may help us better understand more general processes of second language acquisition. By comparing the rates of complementizer deletion of nonnative to native speakers and examining their distributions across various internal and external factors, this paper addresses these issues and offers an example of acquisition of what is, in some ways, an invisible variant. Furthermore, by focusing on a Swiss student association, the paper is also able to compare the patterns of French, German and Italian native speakers, to examine to what extent they differ in English.
2
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Modification de la polarité du verbe ou prédicat effacé ?

86%
Cholewa J.
Orbis Linguarum
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2018
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issue 50
29–36
EN
Change of the verb polarity or predicate deleted? Some French verbs, such as sortir, s’enfuir, s’éloigner, can be built with a preposition of polarity different from that of the verb: sortir dans, s’enfuir dans, s’éloigner vers. It is possible to consider these structures as the witness of deletion of a second verbal predicate: X sort (de la maison et entre) dans la rue, X s’éloigne (d’un endroit et s’approche) vers Y. We can see the same deletion in case of pluripolar verbs, which can be constructed with two prepositions (eg tomber).
3

Optimization of the Verbal Inflectional Paradigm by the Cyclic Application of Morphophonological Processes: Evidence from Potential Forms in Japanese

86%
Sano S.-i.
Open Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
In Japanese, a series of morphophonological changes that reorganizes the verbal inflectional paradigms is currently underway. The changes in potential forms involve two innovative processes: ar-Deletion and re-Insertion. This paper analyzes these morphophonological changes in the Japanese potential forms, and models the mechanism that governs the sequential changes, using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. By positing a chronological order between the changes, I argue that the initial change in consonant-final verbs is motivated by semantic disambiguation, and the subsequent change in vowel-final verbs is triggered by analogical leveling for the optimization of the conjugation paradigm. This analogical leveling reorganizes the paradigm in order to counter the increased discrepancy between potential forms of consonant-final verbs and vowel-final verbs caused by the previous change. I propose that positing this two-step process is crucial to understanding the diachronic changes at issue.
4
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Do kresu widzialnego

61%
Przybylski R.
Porównania
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2015
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vol. 17
139-150
EN
Deletion has become part and parcel of the modern arts. A case in point is erasing Robert Rauschenberg’s drawing by Willem de Kooning. Erasing did not merely boil down to an act of destruction but became a symbol of openness to the new. Taking such a perspective towards the avant-garde experience of art, it can be assumed that Kazimierz Malewicz had a similar goal with the black square with the white background. This is also an example of the deletion of a traditional understanding of art in order to prepare for a new expe-rience of art. These experiences undermine the signficance of visibility itself and lead straight to an openness towards tactility.
PL
Wymazywanie wpisało się w doświadczenie sztuki nowoczesnej. Dobitnym tego przykładem może być wygumkowany przez Roberta Rauschenberga rysunek Willema de Kooninga. Wymazanie nie sprowadzało się w tym przypadku jedynie do aktu destrukcji, ale stawało się symbolicznym otwarciem na to, co nowe. Patrząc z podobnej perspektywy na awangardowe doświadczenia sztuki, przyjąć można, że podobny cel realizował Kazimierz Malewicz w czarnym kwadracie na białym tle. Tu także wytarty zostaje tradycyjny sposób pojmowania sztuki przedstawiającej po to, żeby otworzyć się na nowe doświadczenia sztuki. Doświadczenia te podawały wszakże w wątpliwość rangę samej widzialności. Stąd już prowadziła prosta droga do otwarcia się na taktylność.
5
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Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

58%
Panevová J., Hajičová E., Kettnerová V., Kolářová V., Lopatková M., Mikulová M., Ševčíková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
55-78
EN
In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.
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