Search results

1

Popyt jako instrument kształtowania porządku świata

100%

Piontek B.

Przyszłość. Świat-Europa-Polska

|

2013

|

issue 2

52-57

PL

Wraz z przejściem od gospodarki industrialnej do gospodarki postindustrialnej, większość z istniejących wcześniej barier gospodarczych straciło na znaczeniu. Dotyczy to w szczególności popytu, który może stać się narzędziem budowania ładu i urządzania świata, pod warunkiem rozbudowy różnych metod jego kształtowania. Ważna jest przy tym w szczególności kategoria popytu ciągnionego.

EN

The change from industrial to postindustrial economy abolished many barriers functioning before. This concerns in particular demand that can become a tool shaping the order of the world provided it will be appropriately shaped itself. Especially important in that is the category of demand pull.

2

AN EOQ MODEL FOR TIME DEPENDENT WEIBULL DETERIORATION WITH LINEAR DEMAND AND SHORTAGES

100%

Mishra U., Tripathy C. K.

LogForum

|

2012

|

vol. 8

|

issue 2

123-136

EN

Background. The study of control and maintenance of production inventories of deteriorating items with and without shortages has grown in its importance recently. The effect of deterioration is very important in many inventory systems. Deterioration is defined as decay or damage such that the item cannot be used for its original purpose. Methods: In this article order level inventory models have been developed for deteriorating items with linear demand and Weibull deterioration. In developing the model we have assumed that the production rate and the demand rate are time dependent. The unit production cost is inversely proportional to demand. Inventory-production system has two parameters Weibull deterioration. Results and conclusions: Two models have been developed considering without shortage cases and with shortage case where the shortages are completely backlogged. The objective of the model is to develop an optimal policy that minimizes the total average cost. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to show the effect of changes in the parameter on the optimum total average cost.

3

Analysis of nurse staffing and factors determining the demand for health care in Poland

100%

Kózka M., Brzostek T., Ksykiewicz-Dorota A.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2011

|

vol. 1

|

issue 2

59-66

EN

Introduction: Recent studies have indicated that an adequate nurse staffing in a hospital exerts an effect on both the level of health services provided and the safety of patients. Numerous reports confirm the shortage of nurses who, has been observed in almost all European countries, and may threaten the quality of health care. Purpose: The objective of the study is an analysis of nurse staffing and the factors which shape the demand for health care in Poland. Material and methods: The study was based on the analysis of scientific literature, legal acts and reports by Polish government and occupational organizations, which undertake the problem discussed. Results: For years, in Poland, a decrease has been observed in nurse staffing rates per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to 15 countries of the European Union. The factors which affect the nurse staffing rate in Poland include changes in the sector of health care and the vocational education of nurses. Simultaneously, the limitations in employment of nurses are accompanied by an increased demand for health services. Considering the shortages in nurse staffing, and an increase in the demand for health services, there is a necessity to undertake systemic actions, both on the national and European level. Conclusions: Systemic solutions are necessary to prevent a divergence between increasing public health care demand and limited or even decreasing number of nurses willing to work in the profession. Otherwise the realization of the health policy goals might be hindered.

4

POSTRZEGANIE USŁUG KIEROWANYCH DO OSÓB STARSZYCH W POLSCE PRZEZ ŚWIADCZENIOBIORCÓW I ŚWIADCZENIODAWCÓW

100%

Stypuła A., Brzyska M., Tobiasz-Adamczyk B.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2011

|

vol. 38

|

issue 9(450)

12-17

EN

The advancing ageing of Polish society along with transformations in the contemporary model of family cause the rise of demand for services supporting functioning of elderly people in their home environment. As part of the project “Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Older People Living at Home” there were organized two focus groups in order to examine the perception of health and social services directed to older persons by senior citizens and service-providers. The main reasons for using community-based services, the most common sources of information on services as well as the barriers and factors facilitating the using of the community-based services were identified.

5

The Evaluation of the Demand for Services Provided by Travel Guides and Tour Leaders

100%

Kruczek Z., Mazanek L., Czulińska-Bukowska A.

Studia Periegetica

|

2019

|

vol. 28(4)

57-72

EN

This article presents the results of empirical research on the labour market of city travel guides, regional guides and mountain guides as well as tour leaders. The aim of this article is to evaluate the demand for the services of travel guides and tour leaders. The study included tourism entrepreneurs and the method of a diagnostic survey with the use of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) was applied. The obtained results confirmed the thesis that the labour market of travel guides and tour leaders is not stable and this is due to the seasonality, level of earnings and changing model of travel organization. The study also showed that in the five-year period from the deregulation of the professions, the market relations between travel guides and tour leaders on the one hand and tourism entrepreneurs on the other did not undergo fundamental changes. The results of the study may be useful for tour operators, organisations associating travel guides and tour leaders as well as for tourism administration at the central and regional level.

6

Demand forecasting in a business based on experts’ opinions – an application of weibull distributions

100%

Dittmann P.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2013

|

issue 1(39)

52-60

EN

Demand forecasts in a business may be constructed by various methods, e.g. by using Type-I formal models, or by using type-II formal models based on experts’ opinions. The experts can be the business’s managers or persons from outside of the studied business. The experts can not only construct forecasts, but also subjectively specify the probability of them coming true. In this article, the Weibull distribution is described, a distribution that may be applied in the process of constructing product demand forecasts for a business. The methodology for constructing a point forecast is explained, along with the methods for evaluating the chances of the forecast coming true and the methods for judging the probability connected with sales profitability.

7

Popyt mieszkaniowy a przestrzeń miejska – przegląd literatury

100%

Głuszak M., Marona B.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

|

2013

|

issue 3 (24)

119-133

EN

The article discusses housing demand. We focus on disequilibrium of a urban housing market and location derived segmentation. Based on literature review, we identify reasons behind housing mobility and housing location choice at household level. In the second part of the article we focus on the interaction between housing demand of urban development patterns (especially spatial aspects of it). The main objective of this paper is to show the relationship between two major dimensions of individual housing demand: (i) mobility choice and (ii) location choice and spatial transformations within the metropolitan area. The article is a critical analysis of the literature. We attempt to identify the main factors affecting the demand for housing in a specific metropolitan area. Previous studies point to a number of factors affecting the residential mobility of households. The most important are: the life cycle, relative deprivation, social capital, gender and economic situation. Studies show that these factors are correlated and are subject to mutual interactions. Reflections on diversity and segmentation of metropolitan housing markets lead to the conclusion that the local housing market can be seen as a nested structure. Each metropolitan housing market is divided into submarkets − based on location and housing services quality. The housing search is therefore sequential and hierarchical in nature. Among the most important factors determining the household choice of location within the local housing market are: economic capital, social status, spatial relationships, lifestyle, racial segregation and the quality of schools. The synthesis of the results leads to the conclusion that the demand for housing is related to certain spatial phenomena occurring in metropolitan areas. We highlight four aspects in particular:– – communication system (mass transit, road system, parking in the city center), – spatial order, – access to schools and public services (excessive density of housing and inadequate social infrastructure), – urban sprawl. Due to the information asymmetry and inelastic supply in housing market subsegments it can cause persistent imbalances and emergence of deprived areas within the urban structure.

8

Demand forecasting in an enterprise – the forecasted variable selection problem

100%

Dittmann P., Sobolewski A. M.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2013

|

issue 1(39)

61-70

EN

Forecasting process efficiency depends – to a large extent – on the correct determination of the forecasted variable. Therefore, companies should use for sales forecasting, the variables that reflect actual consumer demand. However in practice, since demand is usually not directly observable, many operational measures of demand are used. In the manufacturing and retail enterprises, the most often used variables are historical orders, shipments, and billed sales volumes. The purpose of this paper is to characterise the effects of using as the predicted variable, different operational measures of consumer demand. Theoretical discussion is illustrated by an attempt to estimate errors in demand forecasts for Avon Cosmetics’ products that are related to changes in data used for forecasting.

9

Analysis of demand in steel and iron industry – latent variables model

100%

Barska M.

|

2019

|

vol. 66

|

issue 4

247-269

EN

Demand in the steel and iron industry is influenced by multiple factors. Not all of them can be identified and measured. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the levels of demand achieved by a selected enterprise from this sector in the years 2010–2014. The aim of the study is to build a hidden Markov model which would reflect the turning points of this demand, thus making it possible to forecast its future levels. The model’s forecasting properties and stability have been examined. A simulation has been carried out that involved generating a high number of series for selected model parameters and checking their properties. This demonstrated that a three-state second order hidden Markov model was most relevant to the purpose of the study. Thanks to the model’s application, it was possible to describe states which could potentially shape the demand. Moreover, taking the transition state into consideration allowed spotting the signal about the upcoming replacement of the growth phase with the decline phase, and vice versa. The presented second order hidden Markov model can serve as an alternative to the traditional methods of the analysis of time series. The forecast generated by the model informs about the shaping of a trend in demand and serves as an indication of the shifts in economic cycles.

10

Financial insurance for enterprises – analysis of demand and supply

100%

Wicka A.

|

2019

|

vol. 50

|

issue 123

29-36

EN

The aim of the article is to assess changes in the enterprises’ demand for financial insurance. The analysis covered expenses incurred by business entities on purchase thereof and supply by the entity. Data used in the study came from secondary sources published in studies by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF), the Polish Chamber of Insurance (PIU) and the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Furthermore, information from the studies-related literature has been included. The time period of studies covered the years 2005–2018. Selected types of insurance included in financial insurance have been presented herein and industries which these products are especially targeted at have been indicated. Moreover, supply by entities has been discussed with an indication of insurers who hold a leading position in the financial insurance sales in Poland. It has been stated that the demand (by value) for financial insurance in the years 2005–2018 was growing. The amount of the gross premium written in 2018 was twice as high as in 2005 and amounted to PLN 1.09 billion. Furthermore, it has been determined that the highest average dynamics of market growth concerned insurance from various financial risks (group 16), which are usually offered jointly with other insurance products, but also the dynamics of expenses incurred on purchasing surety was over 200%, whereas, in 2018 it was even 360%.

11

Inventory Management Theory: a Critical Review

88%

Lukáš P., Xenie L.

Littera Scripta

|

2016

|

issue 2

79-89

EN

It was carried out by studying available Czech and foreign scientific references, which serve as the basis for mapping the approaches to inventory management as well as research into more complex inventory theory models. The paper deals with the inventory theory itself and describes the formation of quantitative models as tools for optimizing inventory under certain conditions the models have been derived from. The paper also discusses an issue most frequently raised in terms of the inventory theory, i.e. optimization of costs related to the costs of holding stock, which follows the analysis of demand for commodities the selected stock is produced from. Thus, the issues of inventory theory and demand for final product are closely related. Results suggest the use of the “Mathematica” platform and modelling demand of the stochastic nature.

12

Re-shaping the Model of Economic Growth of the CEE Countries

88%

Disoska E. M.

Baltic Journal of European Studies

|

2016

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

137-159

EN

The goal of this paper is to stress the importance of changing the present growth strategy of Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies. The economic model of resource and debt intensive growth they have enjoyed in the past two decades have proved to be ineffective and unsustainable. Given that the CEE growth model cannot be identified separately from the EU as a whole, we try to propose possible policy measures that would stimulate growth in the CEE in context of the policies at the EU level.

13

Factors influencing consumers’ light commercial vehicle purchase intention in a developing country

88%

Kemal Ç., Erkan O., Muhsin D. E., Ömer Ö.

Management & Marketing

|

2015

|

vol. 10

|

issue 2

148-162

EN

The main objective of this paper is to determine factors affecting the intention to purchase a light commercial vehicle that may be influential in a developing country. For this purpose, a self-administered survey was conducted on 408 people living in Erzurum city, North-Eastern Turkey. The data of the survey was analyzed using binary logistic regression model due to the discrete and categorical nature of the dependent variable. Results revealed that gender, age, monthly income, household size, type of driving license, type of fuel, a significant increase in the monthly income, and costs of having SRC-K licenses were significant determinants of consumers’ light commercial vehicle demand. Whilst consumers’ automotive demand has been extensively studied, little research has been concentrated on light commercial vehicle demand. In this respect, the outcome of this study may provide valuable insights for the existing consumer demand literature in terms of light commercial vehicle purchase intention

14

Ewolucja turystyki na obszarach wiejskich

88%

Matczak A.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

|

2015

|

issue 162

63-82

EN

In this work the identification of the process of changes in rural tourism has been presented. The evolution of rural tourism is defined by changes occurring in the countryside and in tourism itself. The presented analysis of the evolution of rural tourism is based on a change in the approach to the definition of rural tourism, to the supply and demand, and to the influence of rural tourism on rural environment. The analysis is restricted by the available literature of the subject and by statistical data for Poland. In the beginning the rural tourism was considered as the tourism occurring in the countryside. Afterwards, many aspects of rural tourism were recognized, which is reflected by its definitions. The evolution of tourism supply also took place and, as a result, the tourism supply became more diverse. Apart from traditional forms of vacational tourism, some new forms requiring a specifically designed landscape, equipment, cultural events, managment etc. appeared. New clients looking for specific experiences in rural tourism also appeared. For such clients the countryside became a tourism product. They are also able to provide a sufficient income for the sustainable development of the countryside. Providing tourism services by farms often leads to the collapse of their agricultural activity, and, in consequence, to the dominating role of tourists’ service, which leads to the multifunctionality of the countryside. Such a hypothesis requires further empirical investigations. The literature of the subject indicates that the model of tourist area lifecycle (TALC), as proposed by Butler in 1980, is useful for carrying out analyses of rural tourism evolution.

15

Wpływ popytu na akcje notowane na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie na płynność rynku

88%

Nawrot W.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2006

|

vol. 209

|

issue 7-8

59-81

EN

The author analyzes the demand for shares and attempts to determine its influence on the liquidity of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The analysis was conducted by calculating and bringing together values of key importance to the liquidity of the market and investment activity on the Polish stock market. The analysis showed that the liquidity of the Polish stock market decreased in the analyzed period (1995-2005). First, there was a drop in the value of stock trades in relation to the market’s capitalization. Subsequently, there was a problem involving the substantial concentration of trade on the exchange. On the basis of this situation, attempts were made to check the demand side of the stock market, especially in the institutional investor segment. Analyses conducted by the author indicate that, as a result of a dynamic increase in pension and investment fund assets in 2000-2005, these institutions substantially increased the value of shares in their possession, withdrawing some of the stock from “active” turnover. Over the next few years, more than 40% of the assets invested by these institutions in stock were tied up in the portfolios of open-ended pension funds. However, in the years that followed, assets held by institutional investors were subject to decreased turnover. This seems to indicate that institutional investors could pose a threat to the market’s liquidity by channeling substantial assets to the domestic stock market in a situation in which the supply of shares was insufficient. However, a supplementary examination of the average turnover in WSE-listed shares, particularly those making up the market’s free float, revealed that the activity of institutional investors, though decreasing with each passing year, was several times higher than average investment activity on the stock market. In other words, transactions made by institutional investors were the key driving force behind the market’s liquidity in the analyzed period. Unfortunately, the positive influence of institutional investors decreased in 2003-2005, a period that saw a major increase in pension and investment fund assets. The insufficient-and continually decreasing-liquidity of the stock market, coupled with the dynamic development of the institutional investor segment, particularly pension funds, justifies worries over the liquidity and stable development of the Polish stock market.

16

Social control of supply or demand? : Counteracting the illegal wildlife trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland

76%

Drzazga E.

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

|

2020

|

issue 27

43-51

PL

This article considers the problem of counteracting the illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora in Poland, with special regard to the social control of supply and demand of wildlife. Both social control of the demand for wild fauna and ﬂora and the control of the supply part of this phenomenon are burdened with certain drawbacks, by defnition, integrated into both models. In order to eﬀectively counteract illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora, it is necessary to recognize the patterns of the phenomenon and to design a social and criminal policy in this area that will be an adequate response to both the supply of the phenomenon and its demand. The main aim of the project was therefore to present the results of qualitative research conducted with experts dealing with the phenomenon of illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora in Poland. W artykule omówiono problem przeciwdziałania nielegalnemu handlowi dziką fauną i ﬂorą w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem społecznej kontroli podaży i popytu na dzikie zwierzęta. Zarówno kontrola społeczna popytu na dziką faunę i ﬂorę, jak i kontrola podażowej części tego zjawiska są z defnicji obarczone pewnymi wadami, zintegrowanymi z obydwoma modelami. Aby skutecznie przeciwdziałać nielegalnemu handlowi dziką fauną i ﬂorą konieczne jest rozpoznanie wzorów tego zjawiska i zaprojektowanie takiej polityki społecznej i kryminalnej w tym zakresie, która będzie adekwatną odpowiedzią zarówno na jego podaż, jak i popyt. Głównym celem projektu było zatem przedstawienie wyników badań jakościowych przeprowadzonych z ekspertami zajmującymi się zjawiskiem nielegalnego handlu dziką fauną i ﬂorą w Polsce.

EN

This article considers the problem of counteracting the illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora in Poland, with special regard to the social control of supply and demand of wildlife. Both social control of the demand for wild fauna and ﬂora and the control of the supply part of this phenomenon are burdened with certain drawbacks, by defnition, integrated into both models. In order to eﬀectively counteract illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora, it is necessary to recognize the patterns of the phenomenon and to design a social and criminal policy in this area that will be an adequate response to both the supply of the phenomenon and its demand. The main aim of the project was therefore to present the results of qualitative research conducted with experts dealing with the phenomenon of illegal trade in wild fauna and ﬂora in Poland.

17

Pośrednik w obrocie nieruchomościami w rozwoju lokalnym w miasta

75%

Nowak M. J., Kreja P.

Świat Nieruchomości

|

2011

|

issue 4(78)

26-31

EN

Article is about conditions of work immobility – middlemans In city In ex ample of Szczecin. Immobility – middlemans are important actors of local – development in the city. Development in the city has big influence to tempers of immobility – middlemans. They await from cities – government to help with their work – economy situation, especially active space – politic.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy warunków funkcjonowania pośredników w obrocie nieruchomościami w miastach. Pośrednicy stanowią jednych z istotnych aktorów rozwoju lokalnego w mieście. Słabszy rozwój miasta ma znaczący wpływ na nastroje i pozycję gospodarczą pośredników w obrocie nieruchomościami. Przedstawiciele wskazanego zawodu oczekują też zdecydowanie od władz miejsch działań mających na celu poprawę ich warunków pracy, które przejawiać się powinny przede wszystkim w aktywnej polityce przestrzennej.

18

Model podażowo-popytowy cen nieruchomości

75%

Drachal K.

Świat Nieruchomości

|

2014

|

issue 1(87)

41-44

EN

The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether a simple supply-demand model is capable of explaining changes in real estate prices between the years 2006 and 2013. Furthermore, modifications taking into account the process of the so-called partial adjustment have been considered as well. The research covers the Polish market with respect to different voivodeships.

PL

Opisane badanie jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy prosty model podażowo-popytowy jest w stanie wyjaśnić kształtowania się cen nieruchomości pomiędzy 2006 a 2013 rokiem. Rozważane są także modyfikacje uwzględniające proces tzw. częściowego dopasowania. Badanie dotyczy rynku polskiego z podziałem na poszczególne województwa.

19

Research on obesity – time to think about the next agendas

75%

Touray M.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2013

|

vol. 3

|

issue 2

40-52

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight a fundamental gap in the economic research on obesity - the demand for unnecessary weight gain preventive goods. Such research is important as it will provide understanding of people’s preventive behaviours and for that matter inform policies and practices with regards to influencing people’s uptake of obesity preventive goods. Materials and methods: Using MeSH and PICO approaches, a search strategy was developed to search for relevant articles in a number of academic and scientific journal repositories including PubMed Central, EconLit, Medline, Medscape and relevant (economic) journals’ archives. The search strategy combined terms/phrases to look for publications. Results: A total of 1351 potentially relevant articles (titles and abstracts) were reviewed. No publications could be found that concerned people’s preventive behaviours in terms of demand with respect to obesity preventive goods. Only one article which was not specific to obesity looked into people’s preventive behaviours using an economic model. Conclusions: Despite the huge economic and health burden of obesity, participations in activities deemed supportive to weight gain prevention are dismal. It must not therefore be assumed that there will be demand for all effective weight preventive goods/services. As a result of the complex nature of the condition, the demand for obesity preventive goods requires understanding of the complex factors which influence individual decisions. The behavioural economic perspective could help to increase understanding of the preferences of people as it examines how decisions are made by individuals in complex socio-economic and socio-cultural circumstances and financial constraints involving trade-offs.

20

The Subprime Mortgage and Bank Crisis in the Financial Market

75%

Dana W., Marek V., Šárka B.

Littera Scripta

|

2009

|

vol. 1

95-108

EN

Report is dealing with a financial crisis development of capital markets developed by instability mortgage and stocking market in the USA at the time, transferred step by step to Europe and Asia. It illumines the task of financial derivations at diffusion crisis from Wall Street to the other financial world centers. It also describes the development of main American stock exchange in the connection with stable mortgage market development and analyses impact of global economic crisis on markets in the Czech Republic.

Refine search results

Popyt jako instrument kształtowania porządku świata

AN EOQ MODEL FOR TIME DEPENDENT WEIBULL DETERIORATION WITH LINEAR DEMAND AND SHORTAGES

Analysis of nurse staffing and factors determining the demand for health care in Poland

POSTRZEGANIE USŁUG KIEROWANYCH DO OSÓB STARSZYCH W POLSCE PRZEZ ŚWIADCZENIOBIORCÓW I ŚWIADCZENIODAWCÓW

The Evaluation of the Demand for Services Provided by Travel Guides and Tour Leaders

Demand forecasting in a business based on experts’ opinions – an application of weibull distributions

Popyt mieszkaniowy a przestrzeń miejska – przegląd literatury

Demand forecasting in an enterprise – the forecasted variable selection problem

Analysis of demand in steel and iron industry – latent variables model

Financial insurance for enterprises – analysis of demand and supply

Inventory Management Theory: a Critical Review

Re-shaping the Model of Economic Growth of the CEE Countries

Factors influencing consumers’ light commercial vehicle purchase intention in a developing country

Ewolucja turystyki na obszarach wiejskich

Wpływ popytu na akcje notowane na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie na płynność rynku

Social control of supply or demand? : Counteracting the illegal wildlife trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland

Pośrednik w obrocie nieruchomościami w rozwoju lokalnym w miasta

Model podażowo-popytowy cen nieruchomości

Research on obesity – time to think about the next agendas

The Subprime Mortgage and Bank Crisis in the Financial Market