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1
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Ocena konsolidacji demokracji w Republice Czeskiej jako efektu ciągłości procesu demokratyzacji

100%
Kubas S.
Political Preferences
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2017
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issue 17
73-94
EN
The process of democratization leads to implementation of democratic values among society and institutional pattern in political system. It is a complicated and multi-staged road. Each stage and dimension has its own qualities. The article presents both theoretical conception of the process of democratization and empirical example of the Republic of Czech. There are some general and specific Czech qualities of all stages of the process of democratization: erosion of undemocratic regime, transition and democratic consolidation. The last one is evaluated in the article in the lime of quantitative and qualitative analysis.
2
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Konstytucja RP z 1997 roku w procesie konsolidacji demokracji

100%
Glajcar R.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2017
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issue 6(143)
11–41
EN
The constitution is a basic element of the modern democracy. It sets the framework in which political life is conducted, and also contains a catalogue of incentives conducive to creating a democratic political culture. The article focuses on the role of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 in the process of democratic consolidation. Two aspects of this issue are addressed. The first of them relates to the process of adopting the constitution and the second concerns the implementation of its rules in practical terms. The author tests the hypothesis that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland has played a positive role in the democratic consolidation process. At the same time, he demonstrates that the basic law cannot be regarded as a real guarantee of the continued existence of a democratic political regime. The success of the process of democratic consolidation of democracy depends on both the formal institutional structure and the socio-political and cultural character of the environment in which it operates.
3

The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union: Challenges to Democracy?1

88%
Malová D., Dolný B.
Human Affairs
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 1
67-80
EN
Recent scholarship assesses the impact of the European Union's conditionality on democracy in Central and Eastern Europe in a contradictory way. On one hand, the EU is perceived as a key agent of successful democratic consolidation and on other hand, the return of nationalist and populist politics in new member states has been explored in the context of the negative consequences of the hasty accession that undermined government accountability and constrained public debate over policy alternatives. This article explains this puzzle of the ambiguous effects of the EU's politics of conditionality, which promoted institutions stabilizing the horizontal division of powers, rule of law, human and minority rights protection, but which neglected norms and rules of participatory and/or popular democracy.
4
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The Impacts of Political Corruption on Democratic Consolidation and the Electoral Process in Nigeria

88%
Ebegbulem J. C.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
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2020
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issue 21
38-45
EN
Since 1999, Nigeria has witnessed an uninterrupted democratic experiment with many challenges. With the installation of multi-party democracy in Nigeria, the era of military authoritarian regimes were over as Nigerians were looking forward to a free society characterized by social justice, economic growth and free, fair and credible electoral process. But today, democracy sits on the horn of a dilemma in Nigeria due to massive political corruption by the leaders. Free and fair election which is one of the features of true democracy has eluded Nigeria since the advent of the country’s nascent democratic dispensation. The behavior of the political leaders has cast doubt on any consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. This paper gives a comprehensive definition of political corruption and democratic consolidation, and highlights the nature of political corruption in Nigeria. The paper also examines the impact of corruption on the consolidation of democracy under the prevailing socio-economic challenges in Nigeria. Finally, the paper concludes with the advice that for there to be democratic consolidation, there must be massive investment in the provision of the basic needs of the Nigerian people.
5
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Democratic Consolidation in Poland: Support for Democracy, Civil Society and the Party System

75%
Szawiel T.
Polish Sociological Review
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2010
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vol. 168
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issue 4
483-506
EN
Democratic consolidation is a complex problem area. In this article it is analyzed, first, from the perspective of the concept of support for democracy, originally conceptualized by David Easton and then elaborated by Hans-Dieter Klingemann and Russell Dalton. Second, since democratic institutions and procedures do not operate in a void, the social context of civil society, social engagement and political parties are analyzed. As far as possible, the empirical analyses are conducted according to a complex and ramified theoretical model based on these concepts. Eleven European countries are analyzed including seven established democracies, three of which are historically Catholic countries (Spain, Italy, Ireland). In light of the importance of the communist legacy, the data for Germany are presented separately for western and eastern lands. The data presented in this article are derived from the most recent, publicly accessible research containing comparable information on all 11 countries, with a few minor exceptions.
6
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Weak Civic Engagement? Post-Communist Participation and Democratic Consolidation

75%
Pietrzyk-Reeves D.
Polish Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 161
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issue 1
73-88
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze the problem of civic and political participation in the postcommunist context from the perspective of contemporary democratic theory, the concept of democratic consolidation, and the thesis of the “weakness of civil society in post-communist countries.” It argues that the institutional approach to democratization and participation does not provide a full answer to the question of how democratic systems become consolidated and thus it needs to be supplemented by the cultural approach. The analysis of the patterns of democratic participation in post-communist countries, however, is further complicated by their background conditions, the burden of the communist past, and the model of democratization that they have undergone. Although it seems that a participatory, civil-society centred type of democratic politics would revitalize and strengthen democracy in post-communist countries, two questions-addressed in this article-arise. First, whether contemporary democratic theories shed enough light on the processes involved when it comes to a democratic change and democratic consolidation in the post-communist context, and second, whether a weak civic sphere is a major impediment to the development of a truly democratic system.
7
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The Original Sin of Poland’s Third Republic: Discounting “Solidarity” and its Consequences for Political Reconciliation

75%
Kubik J., Linch A.
Polish Sociological Review
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2006
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vol. 153
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issue 1
9-38
EN
“Solidarity” was one of the major causes of state socialism’s downfall and yet it has neither come to play an active and significant role in the Polish historical memory nor has it entered a canon of routinely studied “great” social movements. This neglect is related to (1) the lack of a symbolic closure of the communist period, (2) insufficient ceremonialization of “Solidarity’s” success, and the (3) the lack of public, symbolic closure of the Round Table process. A review of the literature on the problem of reconciliation after the fall of a non-democratic regime and the role of collective memory in this process allows us to argue that these three “errors” may be related to the low level of trust and the pervasive sense of corruption that are diagnosed in many empirical studies. In order to better understand these strategic errors of cultural policy we examine Poland and-briefly-several other countries where similar dilemmas were dealt with differently and, seemingly, with more success.
8
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Zagadnienie sprawiedliwości w procesie reform gospodarczych oraz konsolidacji młodych demokracji

63%
Nowotarski B.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
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2010
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issue 3(13)
33-48
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie kwestii wartości, jaką może stanowić sprawiedliwość społeczna dla koniecznych reform oraz skutecznej konsolidacji młodych demokracji, powstałych na gruzach systemów totalitarnych czy autorytarnych. Szło będzie także o ustalenie, co z tego powinno wynikać dla twórców nowych, demokratycznych już, instytucji i dla konstytucyjnego (lub szerzej - instytucjonalnego) projektowania.
EN
The article examines the meaning of justice in the process of democratic consolidation and economic reforms in young democracies replacing totalitarian or authoritarian regimes. The authors discuss the impact of their findings on the institutional (constitutional) design of new democratic institutions in these countries.
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Ten Years of Latvia in the EU - Reflections, Implications and Challenges

63%
Austers A.
Unia Europejska.pl
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2014
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issue 2
31-41
PL
Pierwsze dziesięć lat członkostwa Łotwy w Unii Europejskiej przyniosło mieszane rezultaty. Z jednej strony, Łotwa odniosła ważne korzyści o charakterze geopolitycznym, zwiększyła się jej stabilność i bezpieczeństwo. Przystąpienie do UE sprzyjało wzrostowi dobrobytu, upodobnieniu łotewskiego społeczeństwa do rozwiniętych społeczeństw europejskich, a poszerzenia granic wolności dla Łotyszy. Z drugiej strony, Łotwa musiała znaleźć równowagę między jej interesami politycznymi i gospodarczymi, co było trudnym zadaniem, czasami dość przygnębiającym, prowadzącym do gwałtownych zmian w poziomie jej wzrostu gospodarczego. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu członkostwa Łotwy w UE na łotewską państwowość i społeczeństwo. Przedstawiono też zmiany w podejściu Łotyszy do integracji europejskiej przed i po akcesji. Wskazano najbardziej wrażliwe kwestie, do których zaliczono stosunki z Rosją, zwłaszcza po jej inwazji na Ukrainie, oraz proces wyludniania się Łotwy na skutek emigracji i niżu demograficznego.
EN
The first ten years of Latvia's EU membership have delivered mixed results. On the one hand, Latvia has benefited a lot geopolitically, also due to its increased security and stability. The EU accession has promoted Latvia's welfare, transformed the society into one more akin to developed European societies, and extended the horizons of freedom to Latvians. On the other hand, Latvia had to strike balance between its political and economic interests, an intricate task which at certain moments proved rather disheartening, resulting in extreme volatility of Latvia's economic growth. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the EU membership on Latvian statehood and citizens. The development of Latvia's attitude towards the European integration before and after the accession is also presented. The most sensitive issues are highlighted and they include relations with Russia, in particular after its invasion in Ukraine, and depopulation process in Latvia due to emigration and demographic decline.
10
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Konsolidacja demokracji w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej: Rola społeczeństwa obywatelskiego

51%
Pietrzyk-Reeves D.
Eastern Review
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2017
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vol. 6
27-38
RU
Вопрос, поставленный в тексте, касается связи между консолидацией демо­кратии в посткоммунистических странах и развитием гражданского общества. Сформулированные в политологии тезисы об этой связи, не являются очевидны­ми и не выдерживают пробу временем. Тем более, что само определение условий консолидации демократического порядка, включает в себя различные измерения. Целью статьи является показание, что процесс консолидации демократии является очень сложным и одновременно проблематичным, так же как и роль, которую в этом процессе играет гражданское общество. И хотя невозможно ограничить понимание демократии до исключительно ее институционального аспекта, каждая попытка уточнения ее „субстанционного” характера, включающего в себя устойчивое граж­данское общество и политическую культуру участия, не является очевидной, осо­бенно в контексте обществ, которые проходили процесс демократизации в рамках разрозненных вызовов и традиций, которые перед ними стали.
EN
The main question of the article is the connection between democratic consolidation in post-Soviet states and civil society development. Even though such a thesis is very popular in political science, it cannot be borne out in present-day policy. And even if we describe democracy as a purely institutional arrangement, it’s impossible to ignore its substantial character. It certainly includes a dynamic civil society and participatory character of political culture. Given these issues, political analysis is very difficult for all researchers, especially because of the variety of traditions and beliefs.
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