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Ненасильницький протест в Республіці Польща на етапі демократичної трансформації

100%
Байрак С., Белгасем М.
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
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2015
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vol. 5
86-94
EN
The actuality of the nonviolent protest research, as the practice of the political objectives’ achievement without use of power methods and steps is being defined. On the base of the experience of the Republic of Poland the specifity has been analyzed and the basic principles of peaceful confrontation of the power and opposition have been defined. It has been found, that the characteristic feature of the nonviolent protest in Poland was that it was taking place in terms of the democratic transformation of the country, the defining characteristics of which had been the consequences of the socio-political and economic changes. Among other factors that had served as the base of the future democratic changes peacefully there were the state of the social consciousness and the high level of the national consolidation, as the favorable background of the social and political processes and the rate of the development and aspirations of the Polish community for the changes; the peculiarity of the Polish communist rule with the characteristic national features; functioning of the noncommunist institutions (multiparty system, though formal, in the limits of the pluralism of thoughts universities and academic establishments continued their activism, the high level of the activity and influence of the Diaspora, the continuity of the illegal press’ functioning, etc.); the liberal and moderate policy of the ruling party PORP (Polish United Workers’ Party); the oppositions’ struggle by means of the legal methods. The main focus of the article is concentrated on the analysis of the last factor as the defining and such that set the tone to the whole characteristics of the adjustment. The activity of «Solidarity» on the basis of the « new evolutionism» or the « self-limiting revolution» provided not only peaceful character of the confrontation but the speed and efficiency of the reformation steps on the way of the democratic development of the Republic of Poland.
2
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Civic and institutional dimensions of democratization in Ukraine: the role of civic unity

88%
Pietrzyk-Reeves D.
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
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2015
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vol. 5
102-110
EN
looking at two rarely associated concepts, civic unity and the rule of law. It attempts to bring a novel approach to the study of democratization in a divided society such as Ukraine, building on a selection of the existing literature on the subject and focusing on the civic dimension of the process. It follows the approach of those political scientists who have challenged the “no precondition’ line in democratization research by looking precisely at context specific conditions that may sustain democracy. It is argued that the common sense of citizenship and belonging to a political community, supported by legal and institutional mechanisms and conscious effort of political elites, would contribute to the development of civil society and perhaps even democratic consolidation in the long run. Thus the civic and institutional dimensions of democratization should not be separated, especially in case of some post-communist societies such as Ukraine. The relationship between these two dimensions, however, is problematic at least from a methodological point of view and requires careful examination.
3
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Niedemokratyczne tendencje w rozwoju systemów politycznych państw poradzieckich a przypadek Republiki Białoruś

88%
Czachor R.
Studia Politologiczne
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2018
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vol. 47
186-201
EN
It has passed over a quarter of a century from the collapse of the Soviet Union and the political systems of the new states that have emerged in 1991 demonstrate own features which can not be classified as a ‘third wave of democratization’. The paper discusses main features of the transformation of post-Soviet political systems and pays particular attention to the case of Belarus. The author argues that some problems in investigation of that matter can be overcome by a neopatrimonial paradigm. From such point of view, thus leading roles in the politic of Belarus play not oligarchy but state officials, it is classified as a bureaucratic regime.
4
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Autorytarne tendencje w państwach postjugosłowiańskich

88%
Wojnicki J.
Studia Politologiczne
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2018
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vol. 47
153-168
EN
The article discusses the existence of authoritarian tendencies in post-Yugoslave countries. The analysis covers essentially three new state organisms – the Republic of Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia. It was pointed out that democratic changes do not show linear trends, after a period of democratic change, it is possible to regress and increase authoritarian changes. An outline of the development of political systems was presented, the trends of transformational processes were presented at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s.
5
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Tendencje niedemokratyczne w systemach politycznych państw Europy

63%
Wojnicki J., Zaleśny J., i inni i. i.
Studia Politologiczne
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2018
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vol. 47
1-340
PL
Niniejszy tom «Studiów Politologicznych» poświęcony jest kwestiom niedemokratycznych tendencji występujących w systemach politycznych państw Europy. Rozwój systemu demokratycznego nie ma charakteru linearnego. Można obserwować zjawiska wpływające negatywnie na funkcjonowanie demokracji liberalnej. Należy w tym kontekście wymienić: dominującą pozycję korporacji międzynarodowych, które są w stanie skutecznie wpływać na rządy, a nawet zmieniać rządy (vide: Włochy i Grecja w 2011 roku); rosnąca pozycja mass-mediów, które nie tylko kreują wydarzenia, mogą popularyzować polityków, ale również doprowadzić do jego upadku (Berlusconi we Włoszech); postępująca oligarchizacja partii politycznych, w których zanika dyskusja programowa oraz rośnie pozycja lidera i „dworu” skupionego wokół przywódcy; zmiany w realnych układach sił pomiędzy legislatywą a egzekutywą na skutek „rozpychania się” ambitnych polityków zajmujących fotele premiera i prezydenta, temu służy również przedstawianie polityki jako show w mediach, szczególnie w całodobowych kanałach informacyjnych (Sarkozy oraz Macron we Francji, Renzi we Włoszech); zmiany w ordynacjach wyborczych służące temu, aby ułatwić zdobycie mandatu rządzącym, a utrudnić politycznej konkurencji.
6
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Demokracja, demokratyczny, demokratyzm jako pojęcia syndromatyczne. Tezy

63%
Karwat M.
Społeczeństwo i Polityka
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2020
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issue 4(65)
74-100
PL
Demokracja, demokratyczny, demokratyzm, demokratyzacja to pojęcia syndromatyczne. Zarówno same w sobie, gdy wskazujemy kryteria definicyjne, jak i w związkach pojęć – takich jak np. demokracja liberalna czy demokratyczne państwo prawa. Syndromatyczność tych pojęć polega na tym, że ich treść nie jest jednowymiarowa (w redukcji do sposobu wyłaniania i legitymizacji władzy, sposobu rządzenia, relacji między rządzącymi a rządzonymi), lecz określona jest przez splot charakterystyk ideologicznych, etycznych, socjoekonomicznych i prawnych. Demokracja „przymiotnikowa” to inna jakość niż „czysta” demokracja rozumiana dosłownie, lecz i blankietowo. Znajduje to wyraz w zróżnicowanych doktrynalnie modelach demokracji.
EN
Democracy, democratic, democratism, democratization are syndromic terms. Both in themselves, as Simple terms, when we indicate the definition criteria, and in complex terms – such as, for example, liberal democracy or the democratic state of law. The syndromic nature of these concepts lies in the fact that their content is not one-dimensional (reduced to the method of the emergence and legitimation of power, the method of governing, the relationship between the ruling and the ruled), but is determined by a combination of ideological, ethical, socioeconomic and legal characteristics. “Adjectival” democracy is a different quality than “pure” democracy understood literally, but also in blank form. This is reflected in the doctrinally diverse models of democracy.
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