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Mäetagused
|
2012
|
vol. 52
141-160
EN
The analysis of new media, i.e. Internet, is a serious problem for logocentric communication studies. Usually, only the verbal aspect of genres is described, while other qualities are seen as marginal phenomena. In this paper I want to discuss the practice of visualising idioms in Internet humour. Even a cursory glance at the new media shows two prominent trends: 1) idioms appear in various types of new media texts but tend to dominate in those with a creative function, 2) idioms are spontaneously visualised, i.e. communication partners translate them into visual language. The paper presents results of empirical studies performed on a corpus of demotivators containing idioms. It shows that creative texts, especially humorous ones, subject idioms to different visual transformations. Visual translation may involve the structure of an idiom (individual words) making the visualisation literal, or its metaphoric meaning, in which case the visualisation is figurative (in its two variants – exemplifying or reinterpreting). From the cultural perspective, is it notable that idioms are not very frequent in Internet humour. Demotivators cited idioms in only 1.5% of all demotivating messages in Polish-language Internet. It seems that Internet users have probably found other visual carriers of figurative meaning. Discovering their social status might be the key to understanding the new culture – the culture of the web.
EN
The aim of this paper is to show how tripartite jokes have developed from ethnic jokes into jokes about professions. The attempt to answer the question about the universal and culture-specific character of those jokes is crucial. The introduction presents the relationships of the current topic with the number three as a folkloric universal. Stereotypical situations prompting the representatives of different nations to behave in a manner characteristic of them are then described, followed by the analysis of the entwining of ethnic, political, sexual, “logical” and other dimensions of humour in tripartite jokes. The historical contexts and the role that the closest and most relevant neighbours, i.e., the Russians and the Germans, play in Polish culture is presented and compared with the stereotypes and attitudes of other national characters present in jokes (e.g. the Czechs, the Americans). With this, we aim to answer the question if and when ethnic stereotypes are still present in contemporary jokes.
Mäetagused
|
2012
|
vol. 52
123-140
EN
This article focuses on the role of visual imagery in language understanding. It is commonly held that the use of phraseologisms is most characteristic to spoken language. However, today we are faced with a situation where the usage of written and oral language has blended (in e-mails, on-line communication, social network) on the Internet. Creative use of expressions, even if manifested in an exaggerated or inappropriate manner, may lead to interesting figures of speech. I am going to concentrate on a subgenre of so-called Internet memes – demotivational posters or manipulated photos which contain figurative expressions. Clearly, it is the creative context of the Internet that has given new life to figurative expressions. People are interpreting phraseologisms differently from a traditional vis-à-vis conversation when being engaged in spontaneous virtual communication. In addition, the iconic nature of the motivation involved in understanding figurative expressions makes it possible to use the phrases as a means of visualisation. That is why it is possible to confirm that phraseological units are remarkably more complex phenomena than simple reproducible linguistic units that do not contain metaphors.
EN
The article presents a linguistic analysis of verbal-iconic structures of ‘demotivators’. It is the ‘demotivators’ that constitute an excellent example of how strong and multi-dimensional the relation between a text and a picture can be. The constitutive feature of ‘demotivators’ is the co-existence of two sovereign, and yet to some extent also symbiotic, planes i.e. the plane of text and the plane of picture. The type of mutual relation between the above mentioned planes determines the functions of ‘demotivators’. The article presents various types of ‘demotivators’ and provides a classification of the functions of those visual planes.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano lingwistyczną analizę struktur werbalno-ikonicznych, dokonaną na przykładzie demotywatorów. Właśnie demotywatory stanowią doskonały przykład tego, jak silna i wielopłaszczyznowa potrafi być relacja między tekstem i obrazem. Cechą konstytutywną demotywatorów jest współistnienie dwóch suwerennych, a jednak w pewnym sensie także symbiotycznych płaszczyzn, jakimi są płaszczyzna tekstu i płaszczyzna obrazu. Typ relacji, w jakiej pozostają wobec siebie owe płaszczyzny, determinuje z kolei funkcje demotywatorów. W artykule przedstawiono różne typy demotywatorów oraz sklasyfikowano funkcje tychże płaszczyzn wizualnych.
DE
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die linguistische Analyse von Text-Bild-Gefügen präsentiert, deren Bezugspunkt Demotivatoren bilden. Gerade die Demotivatoren gelten als Beispiel dessen, wie eng und vielfältig die Beziehung zwischen Text und Bild sein kann. Zum konstitutiven Merkmal der Demotivatoren wird die Koexistenz zweier souveräner, aber auch im gewissen Sinne symbiotischer Flächen, d. h. einer Text-Fläche und einer Bild-Fläche. Der Typ der Beziehung, zu der es zwischen den beiden Teilflächen kommt, nimmt Einfluss auf die Funktion des Demotivators. Im Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Typen der Demotivatoren präsentiert und Funktionen dieser Sehflächen werden klassifiziert.
EN
The article aims to present a system for assessing the motivational potential of work in a company, but also to identify the innovation gap and indicate how to bridge it. The above measurement was carried out in aggregate form, consisting in combining particular assessment criteria. The study adopted hierarchical intervals of the model of motivational potential of work. The main research problem was formulated as the identification and assessment of the motivational potential of work in the studied company. The subject of the analysis were internal factors of the motivational potential of work, while their mutual reference is the activity and development of the company. The overall assessment of the motivational potential of the surveyed company is satisfactory, and even good, but the performance of the motivator criterion, i.e. work stability, praise, awards, recognition, training provided by the employer, flexible working hours, is poor. It is essential and possible to develop a method of diagnosing a system of motivating employees to work in a company whose subject and scope of research would include motivators, hygiene factors and demotivation factors. The practical results of these studies should be a premise for improving the incentive system and the basis for appropriate economic pragmatics.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie systemu oceny motywacyjnego potencjału pracy w przedsiębiorstwie, ale również rozpoznanie luki innowacyjnej oraz wskazanie, jak ją niwelować. Powyższy pomiar przeprowadzono w formie agregatowej, polegającej na łączeniu w całość pojedynczych kryteriów oceny. W badaniu przyjęto przedziały hierarchiczne modelu motywacyjnego potencjału pracy. Główny problem badawczy został sformułowany jako identyfikacja i ocena motywacyjnego potencjału pracy w badanym przedsiębiorstwie. Przedmiotem analizy uczyniono czynniki wewnętrzne motywacyjnego potencjału pracy, natomiast ich wzajemne odniesienie stanowi działalność i rozwój przedsiębiorstwa. Ogólna ocena motywacyjnego potencjału badanego przedsiębiorstwa jest zadowalająca, a nawet dobra, jednak słabo wypada realizacja kryterium motywatory, tj.: stabilność pracy, pochwały, wyróżnienia, wyrazy uznania, szkolenia zapewnione przez pracodawcę, elastyczne godziny pracy. Nieodzowne i możliwe jest opracowanie metody diagnozowania systemu motywowania pracowników do pracy w przedsiębiorstwie, której przedmiot i zakres badań ujmowałby motywatory, czynniki higieny oraz czynniki demotywacji. Praktyczne rezultaty tych badań powinny stanowić przesłankę doskonalenia systemu motywacyjnego oraz podstawę odpowiedniej pragmatyki gospodarczej.
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