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1

Roman denarii in the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures

100%

Zapolska A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 2(186)

139-165

PL

Denary oraz inne monety srebrne należą do rzadkości wśród znalezisk z terenów kultury bogaczewskiej i sudowskiej. Wśród przeważającej masy sesterców stanowią niewielki procent wszystkich znalezisk. Znajdowane były przede wszystkim na cmentarzyskach (w grobach oraz luźno na powierzchni) i skarbach. Sporadycznie występowały na terenie osad. W znaleziskach grobowych występują, podobnie jak sesterce, wraz z zabytkami typowymi dla późnego okresu wpływów rzymskich. Są to również najczęściej monety bite w I i II wieku po Chr., co sugeruje, że napłynęły w tym samym czasie, co monety brązowe. W znaleziskach gromadnych mogą występować wraz z monetami brązowymi (np. depozyt ze Skandawy) lub w skarbach jednorodnych. W tym przypadku pula monet srebrnych również pokrywa się z pulą monet brązowych - przeważają tu monety bite za panowania dynastii Antoninów, a najstarsze emitowane były za panowania Wespazjana. Przyczyną występowania denarów w kręgu zachodniobałtyjskim były najprawdopodobniej kontakty plemion zachodniobałtyjskich z germańskimi sąsiadami - przedstawicielami kultury wielbarskiej. Pod uwagę należy również wziąć możliwość, że napływ monet srebrnych na tereny kultury bogaczewskiej i sudowskiej mógł odbywać się za pośrednictwem Sambii, gdzie denary napłynąć mogły ze Skandynawii.

EN

Since the majority of coins found on the territory of the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures are sestertii, the bulk of silver coins sum up to only a few percent of all coin finds. They have been discovered mainly on the cemetries (in graves and as surface finds) and in hoards. They have been scarcely found in settlements. Grave finds yielded silver coins, just like sestertii, along with other artefacts charactersitic for late Roman period. The fact that all these silver coins and sestertii are dated to 1st to 2nd century A.D. suggests that they could have come simultanously. Silver coins have appeared both in homogenous hoards and together with copper-alloy coins, as in the case of Scandava and other collective finds. The bulk of silver coins from collective finds is also similar to the bulk of copper-alloy coins: the oldest coins are dated to Vespasian’s reign and the majority of coins are dated to the Antonines period. Denarii appeared in the West Balts circle as a result of the contacts between the Balt tribes and the representatives of German tribes from the Wielbark culture. We should also consider another direction of the influx of denarii to the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures, i.e. through Sambia, where they could have come from Scandinavia (2 maps, 3 tables, 6 diagrams).

2

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)

80%

Dymowski A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

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2008

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vol. 52

|

issue 2(186)

195-208

EN

The number of new, amateur finds of Roman coins have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Researchers generally agree that coins from amateur finds are fully legitimate numismatic sources. It is estimated that non-archaeologists made no less than 90% of old discoveries of Roman coins from the area of central Barbaricum. This is also true for the beginning of the 21st century. The disadvantage of this situation lies in the fact that the lack of information about the context of most of the amateur finds significantly decrease their source value for archaeology. However, the mass representation of the material is a big advantage. In order to obtain more data on new discoveries from Poland, it was necessary to develop a project that would allow for collecting anonymous information about finds of Roman coins. The scheme of action was thus based on two kinds of activities. One of them involved searching information about the new discoveries of coins on the Internet and then expanding and verifying these data. The other involved propagating the project of recording finds as wide as it was possible in order to encourage finders to pass as much information about their discoveries as possible. During the realisation of the project, from May 2004 to November 2007, the number of 518 pieces of anonymous information had been gathered. This material comprised of 1,028 Roman coins from 448 finds. Among the newly reported finds, there were: 11 treasures and 437 small finds (113 group finds and 324 single finds). Basing on the collected data, we may assume that single finds of Roman coins are relatively rare in Poland, which can mean that they usually appear in a broader archaeological context. Unfortunately, in most cases we have no information about the context whatsoever. Some interesting observations on the collected material are worth mentioning here: • Republican denarii quite frequently occurred in small finds; • Denarii subaeratii also occurred quite frequently; we may assume that no less than 10 percent of all small finds of Roman denarii in Poland were in fact denarii subaeratii; • Three hoards similar to Drzewicz hoard were discovered in the basin of Bzura river, which may suggest that there were “Drzewicz type” hoards in that area; • The example of four hoards found in the Polish Jura suggests that hoards deposited on this territory in the Migration Period often contained a number of denarii and jewelry, including gold coins adapted for pendants. General methods of critical approach to such new material are still being developed, since information regarding the coins and the circumstances of their discovery happened sometimes to be, no matter if intentionally or not, false or distorted. Registration activities were continued in 2008 which resulted in capturing two important single finds: a siliqua of Constantius II discovered in a field in the village Prusice (commune Złotoryja) and a solidus of Arcadius found in a field in Rotmanka in the suburbs of Gdansk (6 figures, 2 tables).

3

„Zaginione – ocalone”. Średniowieczne monety ze skarbu gryfińskiego w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Szczecinie i Muzeum w Koszalinie

71%

Horoszko G.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2020

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vol. 16

191-245

EN

A hoard of medieval coins, mainly from Brandenburg and Pomerania, was discovered in 1933 in Gryfino (German: Greifenhagen). Some part of the deposit got dispersed, however, most of it was acquired for the collection of the then museum in Szczecin. During World War II the hoard was evacuated to the town of Mołtowo, Kołobrzeg district and disappeared. After the war 468 coins were recovered, which are now stored in the National Museum in Szczecin and the Museum in Koszalin.

4

Problem chronologii zachodniosłowiańskich naśladownictw monetarnych w świetle skarbu z Łupawy

71%

Horoszko G.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2021

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vol. 17

435-456

EN

The early medieval hoard from Łupawa (Słupsk district, Pomeranian Voivodeship) consisted mainly of West Slavic imitations of coins. The method for examining die combinations proved that the oldest imitations were minted in the first half of the 11th century most likely in Kołobrzeg, which was the seat of Siemomysł, the then ruler of the Pomerania.

PL

We wczesnośredniowiecznym skarbie z Łupawy (pow. słupski, woj. pomorskie) większość zawartości stanowiły zachodniosłowiańskie naśladownictwa monet. Dzięki metodzie badania połączeń stempli dowiedziono, że najstarsze naśladownictwa zostały wybite w 1. połowie XI wieku, najpewniej w Kołobrzegu, który był siedzibą ówczesnego władcy całego Pomorza – Siemomysła.

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2 Horoszko G.

1 Dymowski A.

1 Zapolska A.

Roman denarii in the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)

„Zaginione – ocalone”. Średniowieczne monety ze skarbu gryfińskiego w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Szczecinie i Muzeum w Koszalinie

Problem chronologii zachodniosłowiańskich naśladownictw monetarnych w świetle skarbu z Łupawy