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EN
Colm Tóibín’s 2009 novel Brooklyn accompanies Eilis Lacey, a native of Enniscorthy, Ireland of the 1950s on a reluctant voyage across the Atlantic. Her passage reconstructs a common experience of immigration and exile to New York for the Irish working class seeking to escape the lack of prospects in small-town Ireland after the Second World War. Caught as she is between two homes-the traditional Irish culture she emerges from and the new capitalist society of America to which she emigrates-Eilis is placed in a polemical relationship to the public sphere, staked on multiple grounds of in-betweenness: she is a woman, Irish, and an exile. Belonging, for her, is posited on a complex understanding of the tensions between national and transnational identities. Eilis’s parochialism, at first, and cosmopolitanism, later on, are both decisive characteristics that become driving forces behind her social integration and marriage prospects. She is initially barred from promising job and marriage opportunities due to her naivety and lack of sophistication. As an Irish female immigrant, Eilis becomes in the course of the novel a cosmopolitan from the margins, one of the newly uprooted, and ultimately a split self.
Human Affairs
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 2
101-109
EN
Philosophers have long thought that what differentiates humans from mere animals is that humans are essentially rational. The rational nature of human beings lies in their ability to detach themselves from ongoing involvement and to ask for as well as give reasons for activity. According to the philosophical tradition, human action and perception generally should be understood in light of this ability. This essay examines a contemporary version of this conviction, one promulgated by John McDowell. McDowell follows the tradition in suggesting that people are always able to step back and to ask as well as answer why questions about what they are doing, i.e., they always have reasons for their actions. This essay shows that people have no reasons for many of the things they do. They often, instead, simply respond to shifting situational fields of attraction and repulsion. These attractions and repulsions cannot be captured in propositional form-any attempt to describe, or even just name, them turns them into objects and robs them of their motivational force. The demands of the situation are not available as reasons, but exist only as embodied in actions. McDowell, consequently, errs in claiming that conceptual capacities are inextricably implicated in human activity. Nor is the detached, rational way of being any more essential to human life than is involved coping.
EN
Objectives Recovery processes in leisure time influence the effect of psychosocial work factors on health issues. However, this function of recovery has been neglected in research regarding the influence of work-related risk factors on low back pain (LBP) development. The aim of this prospective study was to examine the function of psychological detachment – a relevant recovery experience – concerning the influence of psychosocial work factors on LBP development. A moderating function of detachment for the interplay of work factors and LBP was assumed. Material and Methods Sixty pain-free administrative employees of German universities completed an online survey 3 times during a 6-month period. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate risk-factors of LBP. Results Analyses revealed an increased chance of LBP development for smokers and a decreasing chance when work resources were high. Detachment had no direct influence on LBP development, although it moderated the influence of work stressors and work resources on LBP. On the one hand, high detachment values seem to protect against an increased chance of LBP development when employees were confronted with high work stressors, while on the other hand high detachment values enhance the protective effect of high work resources. Conclusions The results indicated a moderating role of detachment concerning the influence of psychosocial work factors on LBP development. Therefore, it is necessary to include recovery processes in future research regarding LBP development and consequently in LBP prevention concepts. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(2):313–327
EN
Saint Teresa of Ávila intrinsically connects discernment of the spirits with her principal theme of inner prayer. The main constituents of her doctrine of prayer (obedience, humility, charity, detachment) also represent key motifs in her view on discernment. From this perspective, Santa Teresa’s sparse assertions can be integrated into a coherent doctrine on discernment of the spirits, founded in her deep religious experience. Discernment emerges as the core of Christian life and the genuine way in which the Divine Friend gives light for choices that make human persons grow in virtues and in inner freedom.
PL
Święta Teresa z Avili łączy rozeznawanie duchów z jej głównym tematem wewnętrznej modlitwy. Główne elementy jej doktryny na temat modlitwy (posłuszeństwo, pokora, miłość, dystans) stanowią również kluczowe motywy w jej spojrzeniu na rozeznawanie duchów. Z tej perspektywy skąpe stwierdzenia Świętej Teresy mogą być włączone w spójną doktrynę rozeznawania duchów opartą na jej głębokim doświadczeniu religijnym. Rozeznawanie jawi się jako rdzeń życia chrześcijańskiego i ważny sposób, w jaki Boski Przyjaciel daje światło dla wyborów, które sprawiają, że ludzie wzrastają w cnotach i w wewnętrznej wolności.
PL
Punktem wyjścia dla artykułu jest rozdarcie tradycji socjologicznej pomiędzy poszukiwaniem neutralnego spojrzenia na swój przedmiot a społecznym zaangażowaniem. Autorka pokazuje, że napięcie to od ponad wieku nadaje rytm rozwojowi myśli społecznej oraz instytucji badawczych i akademickich. Analizuje trzy wątki we wspólnej historii socjologii i kultury kapitalizmu: pacyfikację, przemoc i ryzyko. Podkreśla rolę neutralności dla pacyfikacji kultury Zachodu. Twierdzi, że w późnym kapitalizmie dominującą tendencją w myśleniu o naukach społecznych jest zaangażowanie, co sprawia, że socjologia częściej podsyca społeczne lęki, niż sprzyja – jak neutralne postawy badawcze – pacyfikacji.
EN
The starting point is the chiasm in the sociological tradition between the quest for a neutral perspective and the social engagement. The author demonstrates that this chiasm has dictated the rhythm of the developments in social thought and research and academic institutions for more than a century. She analyzes three motifs in the common history of sociology and capitalistic culture: pacification, violence and risk. She also stresses the importance of detachment for the pacification in the Western culture. She claims that in late capitalism involvement has become a dominant tendency in thinking about social sciences, for which reason sociology is more of a fuel-provider for social fears than the factor favoring pacification, which is reserved for detached research attitude.
EN
In the interwar period the 63rd Infantry Regiment was stationed in Toruń and constituted a part of the 4th Infantry Division deployed on the area subordinate to the Corps District Command number VIII with headquarters in Torun. The article concerns the most important events connected with the course of military service in the regiment at the beginning of the second half of 1930s. It has been based mainly on a thorough and detailed analysis of the orders of the day from a 3-year period. It presents important events from the soldiers’ life, from conscription onwards. It also describes the oath of enlistment ceremony, the recruits’ religious life, daily schedule, additional trainings for conscripted and professional soldiers, punishments and bans, awards and recognition for service, participation in holidays and in secular and religious ceremonies. The paper acquaints the reader with the barracks life in time of peace and with the course of service in the discussed period. It also shows that during the service the military authorities not only put emphasis on strictly military and physical preparation but also recognized the need of raising a citizen and a conscious defender of the country.
RU
63 пехотный полк в межвоенный период XX века располагался в Торуне и входил в состав 4 Дивизии Пехоты, дислоцированной на территории, подчиненной Управлению округа корпуса № VIII, базируемому в Торуне. Содержание статьи касается самых важных событий, связанных с течением военной службы в полку в начале второй половины тридцатых годов. Статья написана на основе глубокого и тщательного анализа рапортов трехлетнего периода. В ней автор представил главные события (начиная с призыва), какие проживал солдат, проходящий службу. Также в статье описаны: процесс принятия присяги, религиозная жизнь новобранцев, распорядок дня, обучение солдат из призыва и личного состава, наказания и запреты, награды и знаки отличия за прохождение службы, участие в праздниках, светских и религиозных торжествах. Статья познакомит читателя с казарменной жизнью в мирное время и ходом службы в описываемый период, а также показывает, что во время прохождения службы военные управленцы придавали значение не только армейской и физической подготовке, но и принимали во внимание необходимость воспитания в солдате гражданина и сознательного защитника страны.
PL
63 Toruński Pułk Piechoty w okresie międzywojennym stacjonował w Toruniu i był jednostką wchodzącą w skład 4 Dywizji Piechoty rozlokowanej na obszarze podległym Dowództwu Okręgu Korpusu nr VIII, z siedzibą w Toruniu. Treść artykułu dotyczy najważniejszych wydarzeń związanych z przebiegiem służby wojskowej w pułku na początku drugiej połowy lat trzydziestych. Publikacja napisana została na podstawie gruntownej i szczegółowej analizy rozkazów dziennych z okresu 3 lat. Autor przedstawił w niej, poczynając od poboru, ważne wydarzenia, jakich doświadczał żołnierz odbywający służbę. W artykule opisane zostały także: przebieg przysięgi, życie religijne rekrutów, rozkład dnia, dokształcanie żołnierzy z poboru i kadry, kary i zakazy, nagrody i wyróżnienia za pełnienie służby, udział w świętach i uroczystościach świeckich i religijnych. Publikacja zapoznaje czytelnika z życiem koszarowym w okresie pokoju i przebiegiem służby w opisywanym okresie. Pokazuje również, że w czasie pełnienia służby władze wojskowe nie tylko kładły nacisk na przygotowanie stricte wojskowe i fizyczne, lecz także uwzględniały potrzebę wychowania obywatela i świadomego obrońcy kraju.
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