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1
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The Deceptive Human and the Detection of Deception

100%
Amsel T. T.
European Polygraph
|
2017
|
vol. 11
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issue 2(40)
75-84
2
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fMRI Lie Detection Validity and Admissibility as Evidence in Court and Applicability of the Court’s Ruling to Polygraph Testing

80%
Matte J. A.
European Polygraph
|
2013
|
vol. 7
|
issue 4(26)
191-198
3
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Thermal Vision as a Method of Detection of Deception: A Review of experiences**

80%
Gołaszewski M., Zajac P., Widacki J.
European Polygraph
|
2015
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vol. 9
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issue 1
5-24
4
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Value of Content-Based Deception Detection Methods

80%
Dukała K., Polczyk R.
European Polygraph
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2014
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vol. 8
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issue 1
29-44
5
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Verbal and Non-verbal Symptoms of Deception in the Eyes of Policemen and Psychologists

61%
Widacki J., Mirska N., Wrońska M.
European Polygraph
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2019
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vol. 13
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issue 1(47)
25-40
EN
The objective of the study was to test how selected respondents (psychologists and police officers) evaluate the diagnostic value of symptoms (cues) of deception listed in literature on the subject. To achieve that, 16 verbal and non-verbal (behavioural) symptoms listed in literature as most typical and most frequently accompanying deceit were ever located by 100 police officers and 101 psychologists (n=201). Their task was to group the symptoms according to the following categories: “oft en present”, “rarely present”, and “never present”. Both the groups of respondents claimed that in their work they have to frequently decide whether their interlocutors tell the truth or lie, and are convinced that they are capable of accurate detection of deception through their assessment of verbal and non-verbal (behavioural) symptoms accompanying lie. The latter belief is clearly refuted by the results of all known experimental studies. In fact, police officers and psychologists agreed that the most diagnostic symptom is “avoidance of eye contact” (143 respondents categorised it as often present). “High frequency of eye blinking” was considered least diagnostic of the symptoms, with only 47 respondents claiming that it is frequent, together with “head scratching” with 51 considering it as occurring “often”). Convergence of the respondents’ opinions was high. No significant differences between the occupational and age groups, and genders were discovered. The results of the study remain coherent with the results of studies by other authors maintaining that the skill of detecting deception in the interlocutor is determined neither by education, nor occupation, nor gender, nor the age of the person performing the detection.
6
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Evidence Based Practice Integration into Polygraph Practice: A suggested paradigm

61%
Amsel T. T., Ginton A.
European Polygraph
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2021
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vol. 15
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issue 1 (53)
9-28
EN
The philosophy of evidence-based practice advocates professionals to rely on scientific evidence. Although the idea seems obvious, misuse of the philosophy raised controversy, which created confusion and misunderstanding of the concept. Yet, since it was introduced in the nineties to the medical community and despite the controversy, it gained more and more disciples and was embraced by nonmedical practitioners, including the polygraph profession. In the last decades, the polygraph community has gradually abandoned the intuitive-based polygraph practice that relies on less scientifically rooted subjective procedures and advanced toward evidence-based polygraph practice. This paper describes the evidence-based practice in general and details the practical aspects of evidence-based polygraph practice in particular, along with discussing the limitations of the current scientific research. It questions the current bone-tone trend to implement an extreme Evidence-Based approach into the polygraph practice, suggesting the practitioner to avoid a rigid “one size fit all” standardized protocols which are advocated as a must on the way to earn scientific recognition, whereas, in fact, it is the unfortunate outcome of lack of differential research data. As in the medical field, in-where the Evidence-Based practice managed to incorporate the clinical experience of experts with the hard research evidence and has not disregarded their valuable knowledge and experience, the present article calls for adopting this integrative approach in the polygraph field too and adjust the protocols to the specific circumstances of the case and the examinee in a “tailor-made” mode, which is based on existing data and flexible thinking wherever there is no data to rely on, as was suggested under the concept of “Adaptive-Polygraphy” (Ginton, 2013).
7
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Attempt at Detection of Deception Based on Records of Physiological Reactions Remotely Captured with FaceReader Software. Part 1

61%
Widacki J., Wójcik B., Szuba-Boroń A.
European Polygraph
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2022
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vol. 16
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issue 2(56)
38-51
EN
Strong emotions are among others manifested in the expressive movements (facial expression). Facial expressions are natural and universal by nature. They do not depend on ethnicity, culture, social status, age, etc. Nonetheless, humans are sometimes capable of controlling their facial expressions and hiding their emotions. Simulating emotions is a fundamental acting skill. However, controlling facial impressions takes time. The onset of such a control is delayed by anything from 0.25 to even 0.1 second – the period when the authentic facial expression, adequate to the emotion is demonstrated – and therefore remains imperceptible to an external observer. This short-lived facial expression observed in that short meantime is known as microexpression. FaceReader, designed by Dutch company Noldus (established and directed by Professor Lucas Noldus), is a software package for automatic recognition and analysis of facial expression. As its diagnostic value for validity as well as reliability, that is the level of correct indications, remains unknown, we decided to determine it experimentally and have chosen to run an experiment comparing its diagnostic value with that of a traditional polygraph examination.
8
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Czy wykorzystanie metod obrazowania OUN jest alternatywą dla badań poligraficznych?

51%
Wojciechowski J.
Problemy Kryminalistyki
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2013
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issue 279
7-14
PL
Artykuł dotyczy możliwości wykorzystania metod obrazowania funkcjonowania ośrodkowego układu nerwowego jako alternatywy dla badań poligraficznych. Przedstawiono podstawowe informacje dotyczące badań z wykorzystaniem rejestracji aktywności bioelektrycznej mózgu (EEG) oraz badań z wykorzystaniem funkcjonalnego rezonansu magnetycznego (fMRI). Następnie szczegółowo omówiono prowadzone do tej pory badania wykrywania skrywanych informacji przy wykorzystaniu analizy potencjału P300 oraz badania nad wykrywaniem oszukiwania za pomocą fMRI. Skupiono się zarówno na rzetelności uzyskiwanych wyników, jak i trudnościach metodologicznych związanych z przeprowadzaniem tego typu badań. Ze względu na to, że badania wykorzystujące EEG i fMRI w celu wykrywania zatajonych informacji i oszukiwania prowadzone są od niecałych 30 lat w wypadku EEG, a w wypadku fMRI nieco ponad 10 lat, zarysowany został również problem związany z małą ilością danych z badań na temat wpływu różnic indywidualnych na rzetelność wnioskowania.
EN
The Author discusses the possibility of imaging of central nervous system activity being the alternative for lie-detector (Polygraph) examination. In the paper, the basic information on examination with use of recording the bioelectrical activity of the brain (EEG) as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been presented. This is followed by a detailed discussion of examination of concealed information with use of p300 potential and detection of deceit by means of fMRI. The Author focuses on the aspects of reliability of findings and methodology problems related to conduct of such examinations. Due to the fact that EEG and fMRI application in detecting concealed information is a quite recent phenomenon (30 and 10 years respectively), the problem of scarce data on dependence of individual variation on reliability of concluding has been also stressed out.
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