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Escalating to 2004, tidal economic emigration of Poles to the countries with higher level of socio-economic development has been caused by the accession of Poland to the European Union and the free access to systematic opening up of labour markets. For this reason, it seemed to be interesting to determine what attributes characterized people who choose to emigrate and if the features are identical (or strongly convergent) to the characteristics of entrepreneurship. The aim of this article is to identify the determinants of emigration from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in the context of the determinants of entrepreneurship.
EN
Research background: The theoretical basis of the study derives from the assumptions of international entrepreneurship combining theories of entrepreneurship and theories of international business. The identification of entrepreneurship determinants and attributes was based on the economic, socio-cultural, as well as psychological approach to entrepreneurship. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to verify how demographic and basic traits of an entrepreneur affect the pace of the internationalization of firms from Poland. Methods: The study was based on CATI method. The article uses data collected on the basis of a study conducted on a sample of 355 companies from Poland. The research methods applied are a critical analysis of prior research, which allowed to identify the research gap and develop research hypotheses. In the empirical part, statistical methods were applied, including descriptive statistics and multidimensional regression. Findings & value added: The logistic regression estimation allows to confirm three hypotheses. With the age of the entrepreneur, the pace of internationalization of the firm increases. The pace of internationalization of the firm increases with the level of education of the entrepreneur. The fact that an entrepreneur belongs to a national minority increases the pace of the internationalization of the firm. Results of two-sample t-test confirm that firms whose entrepreneurs have higher entrepreneurial competences internationalize faster and earlier. The added value of the article is the combination of socio-demographic and psycho-cognitive characteristics of the entrepreneur with internationalisation. Applying this approach to a sample of firms from Poland (CEE market) contributes to research on international entrepreneurship in a thematic and geographical sense. The results of the study are of an applied nature. They can be addressed to many recipients: entrepreneurs, policymakers, educators, entities responsible for shaping and promoting entrepreneurship on both the micro and macro levels.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem psychologicznych determinant przedsiębiorczości, w kontekście, jaki prezentuje koincydencji teoria rozwoju Grzegorza Kołodki. Na współczesnym rynku pracy, tak trudnym dla absolwentów, postawa przedsiębiorcza jest jednym z kluczowych czyn-ników wpływających na sukces zawodowy młodych ludzi. Ponadto wpływa ona także na ich sposób funkcjonowania w świecie i aktywne angażowanie się w różnego rodzaju działania pozazawodowe. Zależy ona z jednej strony od predyspozycji osobowych danej jednostki i jej wewnętrznych zasobów, a z drugiej od czynników zewnętrznych, w tym także od wsparcia otoczenia i edukacji. Koincydencji teoria rozwoju proponuje zmianę paradygmatu związaną z przejściem od koncentracji na czynnikach do koncentracji na współwystępowaniu czynników, a także, poprzez inteligentną manipulację tą koincydencją, postuluje aktywne budowanie indywidualnych strategii i polityki rozwoju. Nowy pragmatyzm, będący postulatywnym elementem tej teorii nakazuje dbać o szerokie spektrum źródeł wiedzy, doświadczeń, inspiracji i pomysłów oraz o poszukiwanie przede wszystkim skutecznych rozwiązań, nawet jeśli byłyby one nieortodoksyjne czy niestandardowe. Postawa przedsiębiorcza w świetle tej teorii musi zatem cechować się dużą otwartością na nowe rozwiązania, elastycznością i twórczością. Ważną jest także świadomość danej osoby, że istnieje cały wachlarz czynników, które wpływają na jej gotowość do podjęcia działań przedsiębiorczych, oraz, co ważniejsze, że na część z nich może ona wpływać, by manipulować ich koincydencją.
EN
This paper addresses the problem of the psychological determinants of entrepreneurship in the context of Grzegorz Kołodko’s coincidence theory of development. In today’s job market, so difficult for graduates, entrepreneurial attitude is one of the key factors influencing the professional success of young people. In addition, this attitude also affects the way they function in the world and their active involvement in various nonwork activities. The entrepreneurial attitude depends on a given individual’s personal predisposition and internal resources, and also on external factors, including education and support of their environment. The coincidence theory of development proposes a paradigm shift associated with a transi-tion from a focus on factors to focus on the coexistence of factors, and intelligent manipulation of coincidence. The theory advocates active building of individual strategies and of development policy. The new pragmatism proposed by this theory requires taking care of a wide range of sources of experiences, inspiration and ideas and seeking above all effective solutions, even if they might be unorthodox or unconventional. An entrepreneurial attitude in the light of this theory must therefore be characterized by flexibility, creativity and a great openness to new solutions. It is important that a given person be aware of a whole range of factors affecting their readiness to undertake entrepreneurial activities, and, more importantly, that the person can influence some of them in order to manipulate their coincidence.
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