The issue of academic entrepreneurship is becoming a more and more fashionable topic which functions on the research and business cooperation plane at the institutional level and business incubators supporting private ventures of students and research personnel. The interactions of universities with economy, business use of research projects results as well as the transfer of innovations and technologies are becoming the basis for the government’s strategy at the central, local, university management level and the object of activities for numerous organizations. Considering this context, the article discusses development potentialities of academic entrepreneurship in Poland.
The subject of the article is the concept of supporting the development of a small child, as this action, which taken by significant people, can significantly contribute to the optimization of development. The article consists of three main issues. In the first of them, the concept of development support will be subject to the characteristics. Subsequently, selected results of own research will be presented, and ultimately the author will attempt to indicate specific implications for pedagogical practice related to the topic being undertaken.
The cosmologies of the pre-Socratics are usually considered to be independent, distinctive conceptions. Within the framework of these cosmologies, however, David J. Furley was able to differentiate “linear” and “centrifocal” conceptions, while Daniel W. Graham distinguished “meteorological” and “lithic” models; by way of these, they pointed out the common features of individual cosmologies and at the same time showed how they had evolved. It is, however, possible to conclude that they are both discussing the same thing. Pre-Socratic cosmologies, that is to say, experienced a significant development that was based on a change in the concept of the space of the universe. While in the Ionian archaic cosmologies of the 6th century BCE the space of the universe usually extended only between the flat Earth and the heaven, in the following century it was already being extended around the entire Earth. This led to a change not only in the concept of celestial bodies and their orbits, but in additional cosmological aspects as well. The cause of this development was Parmenides’ conception of the space of the universe, consisting of a spherical heaven with a spherical Earth in its center.
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Kosmologie předsokratiků se obvykle považují za nezávislé osobité koncepce. David J. Furley však v jejich rámci odlišil „lineární“ a „centrifokální“ pojetí, zatímco Daniel W. Graham „meteorologický“ a „lithický“ model. Poukázali tím na společné rysy jednotlivých kosmologií a zároveň naznačili jejich vývoj. Lze ovšem soudit, že oba vypovídají o stejné události. Předsókratovské kosmologie totiž prošly výrazným vývojem, který vycházel ze změny v pojetí prostoru univerza. Zatímco se v iónských archaických kosmologiích 6. století př. n. l. prostor univerza zpravidla rozpínal pouze mezi plochou Zemí a nebem, v následujícím století byl již akcentován kolem celé Země. Tím došlo ke změně nejen v pojetí nebeských těles a jejich oběhů, ale i dalších kosmologických aspektů. Příčinou tohoto vývoje byla Parmenidova koncepce prostoru univerza, sestávajícího ze sférického nebe s kulovou Zemí v jeho středu.
Płock is located on the Vistula River and has valuable cultural resources that dateback to the Middle Ages. In the evaluation 46% of the residents regarded it as attractive tourist city, but as many as 28% had opposite view. Almost the half regarded hotel-catering net was assessed as good. However the road infrastructure was graded poor. Płock is not exploiting all the advantages of its location. Also a well-thought-aut tourism development strategy and people involved in extending the tourism offer.
The aim of the study is the inclusion in the ongoing debate among theoreticians and practitioners in the creative sector and the presentation of its state of development in Poland. Used for this data from the Local Data Bank for the period of 2015 years, and made a critical analysis of the literature. Differences were found not only in the definition and classification but the available data sources.
The article deals with the issue of positive and negative impact of television on the development of a child. It describes the results of direct and indirect stimuli on the emotions of a very young viewer. The author analyses the threats posed by prolonged time spend on watching television to psychophysical child development.
Corruption has become a major global problem. Proponents of the “good corruption” thesis believe that in certain conditions corruption can be conducive to economic and political development. To them, corruption is “grease” that lubricates the rigid wheels of the bureaucratic machine, and is a legitimate mechanizm of political inclusion of the excluded masses. Yet, empirical analysis of the positive functions of corruption in the Soviet Union, the United States of America and certain Asian countries revealed that corruption is first and foremost a symptom of political and economic system dysfunction. One can speak of the positive functions of corruption only in the context of the system’s serious malfunction concerning the fulfillment of the society’s expectations coupled with the lack of prospects for this system’s reform.
The purpose of the article is to present the use of European aid programs for small and medium-sized enterprises in Western Pomerania Small and medium enterprises in Poland play an important role in social and economic. Their proper functioning allows dynamic development of state economy and increase community standards of living. SME participation in EU aid programs can provide companies a smooth and safe operation over many years, which will translate directly into economic development for state and particular regions. Therefore participation of SMEs in EU aid programs is so import ant.
On the basis of the overview of the literature of the subject, the signifi cance of the problem of cooperation among SMEs in the context of the factors infl uencing their development is presented. The author’s own empirical research conducted among the enterprises of the sector with and without foreign capital in Poland presents the engagement of these enterprises in cooperation with other enterprises as well as with other market entities such as local government units, research and development units, or institutions of higher education. The results of the research concerning various forms of cooperation among SMEs with other enterprises as well as the size classes of the cooperating enterprises are also graphically presented. Moreover, the assessment of the similarity of the structures of the SME sector enterprises with Polish and foreign capital is made, which in turn made it possible to defi ne their similarities and differences by taking into consideration their capital (Polish or foreign).
The article deals with the potential of historical and geographic study of landscape parks, especially the usage of written and visual sources. The specific example of designed landscape around the castle Lázeň near Chudenice demonstrates the necessity of using all kinds of sources for the detailed study of historical parks and gardens. The park in Chudenice originated especially in the first half of the 19th century and is very suitable as a model example, because the extant source basis is wide and contains written, visual as well as cartographic sources.
The article presents the issue of Polish citizens’ travels to Russia. The introduction outlines the most important features of the current situation in the Russian tourist market, including its potential and problems ‘inherited’ after the former political system. In this context, the article analyses the tourist movement from Poland, while considering factors that favour or hamper its development. The article has been based on the analysis of statistical data (from research projects conducted by the Institute of Tourism and the corresponding institutions in Russia), as well as the author’s own experiences. It adds to the current state of knowledge – particularly by adding the practical conclusions, which in the future can be put to practice in order to improve the Polish-Russian cooperation in the field of tourism.
The social worker should be in possession of the following abilities: methological, social, those connected with applying legal knowledge, abilities to indicate competent institutions, make decisions and address prompt social intervention, make use of scientific knowledge in practice as well as the ability to use technical achievements at work. The competences gained through formal education, certified by means of bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work are not sufficient; it is necessary to permanently develop the workshop through participating in informal or non-formal education.
This paper analyses the impact of international competitiveness on economic development, based on the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and GDP/capita of 125 countries during the period 2007-2010. The results reveal two phases of the evolution of competitiveness. When GCI < 4.5 (on 1-7 scale), any improvement of a country’s competitiveness affects current development more than future development. When a country’s GCI rises above 4.5, further improvements of competitiveness will affect future development more than current development. The 4.5 competitiveness threshold is remarkably stable throughout analyzed period.
The paper reviews the economic theories that describe the relationship between agricultural productivity growth and economic development. Historical examples of such relationships are also presented. The review proves that improvements in the productivity of agriculture is a precondition for economic development and its catalyst. The article also describes a negative impact of agriculture industrialization on the environment. The present process of extending the traditionally understood economic sense of productivity to ecological aspects is also explained. Furthermore, the author presents how increase in environmental productivity of agriculture can be a catalyst for development, analogous to the past increases in economical productivity. Calculation of environmental productivity has been presented as a still unsolved problem. A short review of methods and metrics used as so far gives general idea about the future area of compromise in that field.
In every human society, the role of history in determining the level of development cannot be ignored. History is not just an academic discipline, but also the totality of changes humanity has undergone as well as the interactions man enters into with his fellow man on the one hand and the environment on the other since the evolution of the human society. It is therefore, the sum total of these that brings about the development in the society. The history of Africa before colonial conquest is full of various attempts by the people to develop their various areas using indigenous technology, which in some cases are considered very advanced. However, over the years especially after independence, this idea seems to have completely disappeared, which in the view of the paper is due to the neglect of study and knowledge of history. This paper therefore examines the role of the neglect of history in the reality and causes of contemporary economic woes in present day African setting Data obtained from primary and secondary sources were deployed to carry out the study with an analytical and narrative historical method. Findings indicate that the neglect of man in Africa to learn from the lessons of history (both the study and interaction) is responsible for the seemingly gloomy future which the continent is presently faced with as reflected in massive brain-drain, import dependency economy, raw material production industries, and incessant strife among others. The paper concludes that a genuine sense of history, a fidelity to its revelations, courageous acceptance of its judgments and workings and its implications for both the present and future, are necessary steps in the formation of the basic architecture for building a viable Africa. The paper cannot, claim to present the entire history of the continent over the period covered from a uniform perspective. It deal with some selected developments and, in this way, aim to contribute to the presentation of a more multifaceted view especially as it relates to the socio-economic stagnation and decline of indigenous technology of the African continent from a historical point of view.
This paper discusses a conceptual relationship between Europeanization and communication‑development. It analyses the theories and methods of diffusion of knowledge and information in Europeanizing and developing societies. More precisely, it focuses on the exact elements of communication‑development which coincide with Europeanization, and to what extent they could be extrapolated to the studies on internalization of the EU‑driven social change. In this regard, the article aims to identify the focal points for possible application of such a perspective and sanction further analyses of communication as a consolidating factor in the process of Europeanization.
The author considers the psychological aspects of globalisation, drawing attention to the possible effects of worldwide transformations. She presents definition problems and characterises the main currents and mechanisms of globalisation at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. Several standpoints of contemporaneity researchers concerning the evaluation of the effects of undergoing transformations have also been recalled. Noticing the diverse effects for development and the functioning of individuals and groups, she concentrates on a selected aspect of the living environment, namely, on diversity. She formulates the thesis that the heterogeneity of the environment, which constitutes a characteristic of globalisation, stimulates development in its various phases and fields, optimising particularly the functioning of reflective persons who enter into dialogue with contemporaneity.
The development of market structures occurs in conditions of uncertainty and risk, which is reflected in the activities of all stakeholders of transport and logistics system in the region. If we understand how the risk of loss or reduced income occurs, we can calculate the likelihood of it. Most important in this regard is risk prediction, since its probability can be determined, and due to the forecasts the management of territorial risks can be developed.
- The concept of knowledge-based economy (KBE) in this article constitutes the basis for the undertaken considerations regarding the implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in the development process of high-tech clusters. It has been indicated in the article that this type of economy is characterised by quick development, particularly, of these disciplines which are related to information processing and science development, mainly the high-tech industry, including the technologies and services of an information society. It has been emphasised that in these market conditions the key sources of competitive advantage of business entities comprise, inter alia, the efficiency of knowledge management as well as various knowledge-intensive undertakings, which create newer and newer value for key stakeholders. The main subject of this paper is to analyse the development and application of RFID within the high-tech cluster. Firstly, the paper aims to present a literature review on the strategic importance of RFID technology for firms located in high-tech clusters through tracing a broad range of literature. Secondly, it constitutes an attempt to characterise the factors determining the decision to implement this technology, by focusing on the research results.
The paper presents reflections rising from a study on adult learning professions in Poland. Changes in the socio-political and legal context created phenomena that have occurred in the adult education systems, mechanisms and approaches. The article focuses on the impact of those processes on a specific professional group – adult educators. Because of the increasing importance of life long learning and the promising vision of a knowledge society, new initiatives in education open challenging possibilities for human development.Based on interviews with practitioners the article describes the professional situation of adult educators: training, development, awareness, values, priorities and practice. There is a new trend noticeable in these interviews – the emergence of a new kind of educator. The specific working style of this new group (operating like a closed caste) with a specific language and communication style, value system, ethics and critical skills resulted in the creation of the new culture of life long learning. The culture of adult educators has developed skills of survival in fragmented reality of Polish educational policy, a chaotic legal frame and the strong pressure of labour market.
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