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EN
Ensuring freedom from threats to security subjects requires the elaboration of a security strategy. The relationship between security strategy and development strategy is the same as that between security and development themselves – one determines the other. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to discuss the essence of security and its basic conceptual categories, as well as the implementation of its provision through strategic efforts. At the beginning, the essence of the phenomenon of security is presented and the most important definitions are quoted. Similarly, the author discusses the concept of strategy and shows the evolution of its understanding. This allows to discuss the typology of security strategies and to mention the most important figures that became part of history thanks to their achievements in the theory of strategy, including Sun Tzu, Thucydides, Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte. A few of the most important principles formulated by these figures are recalled, which may be important hints for contemporary strategists as well. Finally, the author gives the most important definitions of ideas related to security: the security environment, the interests of the security subject, opportunities, challenges, risks, threats, rules and methods. Their essence is emphasized in the light of the considerations presented above. The author concludes that the strategic categories are superior to the respective political categories and distinguishes three types of contemporary strategic actions. He also recognizes that the biggest challenge in terms of security is the prevention of threats, e.g. by means of stabilization activities whose essence is to maintain and promote the stability of the security environment.
EN
One of the key challenges of present agriculture and rural areas is the pursuit of sustainable development. Encompassing enormous resources of a natural nature, rural areas should develop in accordance with the principles of sustainable development so that both current and future generations can benefit of them. Implementing the concept of sustainable development in rural areas is conditional on many factors and requires corrective activities, which is connected with the intervention of the state. The paper analyzes programs and instruments to support agricultural development and rural development in line with the concept of sustainable development at national and local level. Particular attention has been paid to “the Strategy of Lower Silesia Voivodship” and “Strategy for sustainable development of rural, agricultural and fisheries for 2012-2020”.
EN
Statutory task of the regional government/self-government/voivodeship local government is running/managing/keeping policy of development, whose supreme goal is to create conditions for improving the quality of life for residents constituting a regional self-governing community. Improving quality of life is seen nowadays as an additional objective of regional development policy, currently work is ongoing to create indicators to measure the policy. This trend is observed not only on the European level but also on regional one, a good example presenting this matter is a draft version of the Małopolska Region Development Strategy.
EN
In this publictaion the authors show the essential point of the strategy and stages of its creating in relation to the opinions of well-known theorists of the organisation and management science.
EN
The objective of the article is to present the state and directions of the development of tourism in the Polish-Ukrainian cross-border area covering the Lubelskie and Podkarpackie voivodships and the Lviv and Volyn Oblasts in the context of regional strategic documents prepared in the scope of the new EU perspective for the years 2014–2020. In spite of the lack of a uniform strategic document for the purposes of development of the entire cross-border area in the years 2014–2020, the area is considered in development strategies of Polish voivodships and in related documents. In the case of the Lubelskie Voivodship, it is the cross-border cooperation strategy, and in the case of the Podkarpackie Voivodship — subregional strategic programmes. All of these documents consider tourism, including the specification of the objectives, priorities, and directions of activities, and even proposed projects. The content of these documents can provide a good basis for the development of modern tourism products at the local, regional, and cross-border level, with a potential to stimulate tourist traffic in the cross-border area. Possible support from the EU resources in the new financial perspective 2014–2020 is important for these types of activities.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie stanu oraz kierunków rozwoju turystyki na pograniczu polsko-ukraińskim, obejmującym swym zasięgiem województwa: lubelskie i podkarpackie oraz obwody: lwowskim i wołyński — w świetle przygotowanych w ramach nowej perspektywy UE na lata 2014–2020 — regionalnych dokumentów strategicznych. Pomimo braku jednolitego dokumentu strategicznego dla potrzeb rozwoju całego pogranicza w latach 2014–2020, jego obszar jest uwzględniany w strategiach rozwoju polskich województw oraz dokumentach z nimi powiązanych, którymi są w przypadku województwa lubelskiego — strategia współpracy transgranicznej, a podkarpackiego — subregionalne programy strategiczne. We wszystkich tych dokumentach uwzględniona jest turystyka, z wyodrębnieniem celów, priorytetów i kierunków działań, a nawet proponowanych projektów. Treść tych dokumentów może być dobrą podstawą do formułowania nowoczesnych produktów turystycznych na poziomie lokalnym, regionalnym i transgranicznym, które mogą zdynamizować ruch turystyczny na obszarze pogranicza. Nie bez znaczenie w tego typu działaniach jest możliwe wsparcie ze środków UE w nowej perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2013
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vol. 8
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issue 3
235-248
EN
The article discusses the problem of barriers in local development strategic management related to personal qualities of local authorities. In its initial parts the author presents the rationale for their research as well methods he has applied. Then, discusses the key article categories: local development and local development strategic management. Next he lists all identified groups of barriers, referring to such management. In the main part of study, he focuses on these which refer to personal qualities of local authorities. The article results from several years of practice and research conducted by the Author in the domain of local development strategy conceptualization and implementation.
EN
The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of tourist destinations in the western Ukrainian border regions. GMDH analysis of statistical indicators of tourism in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattya, Volyn and Chernivtsi regions revealed the importance of information campaigns promoting local destinations. The strategy for tourist destination formation, information support and promotion in the western Ukrainian border regions is developed and the components of its realisation are described.
EN
The article is an attempt of evaluation of the development strategy of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship from the perspective of international experience in development strategies building and formulation of development policies. There are methodological remarks in the first parts of the article presented. They concern an issue of the role of internal and external factors that influence development processes. The institutional framework for the strategy building is described, pointing out roles of administrative bodies of different levels and partners involved in the process of shaping strategic documents. Regional development paradigm evolution is presented in historical context with emphasis on the impact of globalization on the European integration. Then transformation of welfare system existing in both Eastern and Western Europe in the period of 1950-1970 is described. The article contains also critical remarks on how industrialization processes influenced regional development of European countries. Experience related to dual mode development and marginalization of neglected areas is outlined and discussed. In the part of the article devoted specifically to the Mazovia region its development strategy is reviewed and evaluated from the perspective of international experience and development policies of European Union.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą oceny Strategii Rozwoju Województwa Mazowieckiego z perspektywy międzynarodowych doświadczeń w budowaniu strategii rozwoju i formułowaniu polityk, mających prowadzić do realizacji celów tejże strategii. W pierwszych częściach artykułu przedstawiono uwagi dotyczące kwestii metodologicznych w badaniach nad endo- i egzogenicznymi uwarunkowaniami rozwoju. Omówiono także wymiar instytucjonalny budowania i realizowania strategii rozwoju, określając różne role władz administracyjnych różnych szczebli oraz partnerów zaangażowanych w procesy kształtowania dokumentów strategicznych. Przedstawiono w ujęciu historycznym paradygmaty rozwoju regionalnego, zwracając uwagę na wpływ procesów globalizacji na integrację europejską. Omówiono transformacje systemów określanych jako welfare systems, obecnych w latach 1950-1970 tak w Europie zachodniej, jak i wschodniej. W artykule opisano i krytycznie oceniono wpływ procesów industrializacji na rozwój regionalny krajów europejskich. Przedstawiono także doświadczenia wynikające z dualności rozwoju i marginalizacji obszarów zaniedbanych. W części poświeconej Strategii Rozwoju Województwa Mazowieckiego dokonano jej oceny na tle doświadczeń międzynarodowych i polityk rozwojowych Unii Europejskiej.
EN
deve­lopment strategies of municipalities located in the Sudetes. Material and methods. The study involved 44 Sudetes municipalities. The officially accepted strategies of municipality development and tourism development were analysed in the context of strategic and ope­ra­tional objectives, vision of the municipality and its mission, SWOT analysis, and key tasks. The authors collated the results with the development of the tourist function. Results and conclusions. The role of tourism is mentioned in most of the analysed documents owing to the attractive natural and cultural environment. Up to 89% of the studied municipalities involved tourism in SWOT analyses and 73% of them presented tourist attractions widely in their development strategies. However, the municipalities rarely employ their values to create advanced tourist products; these are included only in 25% of the documents. Unfortunately, they can be mostly classified as potential ones. The municipalities with a downward trend of tourism function show the smallest interest in tourism development. Others present different approaches to it.
EN
The development of Pécs is essentially due to its historically central location and to the fact that the regional institutions and the revenues generated by them have enriched the city. This functional wealth elevated the city to a position above the surrounding settlements. In its development, culture has always played a significant role. From the second half of the 19th century, it was industrial development which contributed most to its growth, a trend which was reversed at the end of the 20th century. The crisis arrived with the transition in the 1980s and has so far not been resolved. The city once more based its growth concept on human capital and on the cultural tradition when formulating new development strategy, and, as a result, it won the title of European Capital of Culture 2010. However, market processes and EU development funds necessarily generate trends which are rather more global, and in the post-socialist cities there are insufficient funds for endogenous development based on local factors to be realised.
EN
The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the world and its long shadow will remain with us for many years. It is presenting humanity with incredible challenges, which coincide with other negative mega-trends. The enormous costs of the pandemic will only be known ex post. While some people will have lost nothing, others will have lost everything-sometimes even their lives. The heterogeneous, post-pandemic future will follow many paths, with the position of highly developed countries becoming relatively weaker. Tensions between the US and China will increase; geopolitics will change. The confrontation between democracy and authoritarianism will intensify; the synergy of the market and the state will be transformed. It will be particularly dangerous to view two sides of the same counterfeit coin as alternatives: neoliberal capitalism versus populist capitalism. The chance for a better future could be created by a gradual transition to a new pragmatism, a strategy of moderation in economic matters, and a development that is sustainable on three levels-economic, social, and ecological. The pandemic is also an immense challenge for the social sciences because old ways of thinking will often prove useless in analyzing and explaining new situations.
EN
Maritime Security and the Development Programmes of the Polish State up to 2030 Summary: The concept of state security adopted in the Strategy of the Development of Security System till year 2022 of the Polish Republic foresees the necessity of including therein activities in the interests of the nation. The Polish maritime interests result from the national development programmes, especially from the policy of transport and power industry. Reaching them requires also taking into account external conditions and – first of all – owning an instrumentarium that allows to effectively impact sea basins important for the state and international players, whose interests will be negatively affecting the possibilities of the Polish state to reach their own strategic targets. The crucial task of the state here is to create a properly designed potential of maritime forces.
PL
Przyjęta w Strategii Rozwoju Systemu Bezpieczeństwa RP do 2022 roku wykładnia pojęcia bezpieczeństwo państwa przewiduje konieczność uwzględnienia w jego zakresie działań zmierzających do osiągania interesów narodowych. Polskie interesy morskie wynikają z narodowych programów rozwojowych, zwłaszcza polityk transportowej i energetycznej. Ich osiąganie wymaga także uwzględnienia uwarunkowań zewnętrznych oraz – nade wszystko – posiadania instrumentarium pozwalającego na efektywne oddziaływanie na ważnych dla państwa akwenach morskich oraz wobec graczy międzynarodowych, których interesy będą negatywnie oddziaływać na możliwości osiągania przez państwo polskie własnych celów strategicznych. Istotnym zadaniem państwa w tym zakresie jest stworzenie właściwie skonstruowanego potencjału sił morskich.
XX
W artykule omówiono przyczyny i znaczenie tworzenia strategii rozwoju przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, które postulują polscy badacze tej problematyki. Następnie przedstawiono zakres podmiotowy, przedmiotowy i czasowy prowadzonych badań nad obowiązującymi strategiami rozwoju w wybranych jednostkach województwa dolnośląskiego. Podczas prezentacji wyników wskazano cztery główne obszary badawcze: metody budowania strategii rozwoju, zasięg i wpływ konsultacji społecznych, stopień wdrażania strategii rozwoju oraz sposób jej monitoringu. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wyciągnięto wnioski związane ze sprawnością zarządzania. Zaproponowano również rekomendacje co do samego procesu procedowania tego typu dokumentów strategicznych.
EN
The article presents the reasons and importance of creating development strategies by local government units, which Polish researchers of this subject postulate. Next, the subjective, objective and temporal range of research on the current development strategies in selected units of the Lower Silesian Voivodship was presented. During the presentation of the results, four main research areas were indicated: methods of building development strategies, coverage and impact of social consultations, the degree of implementation of the development strategy and the way of monitoring it. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn to the authors of such documents. Recommendations were also proposed as to the process of proceeding with this type of strategic documents.
EN
This article provides a system analysis of trends in the IT field of the global computer industry that changed the socio-economic conditions of everyday living. In particular, we describe such innovative software as Deductor Studio, Statistics, MS Exel, SPSS, Statgraphics, MapInfo, Mathcad, MatLab, Analyst, Model Economic Equilibrium and Automated Information Systems that are necessary for the implementation of production and circulation in the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), which has made it possible to show significant benefits of Statistics10 in the economy. We have scientifically proven that in the next 10 years, there will be a new perspective to-wards developing a system which will be based on software system Statistics, innovative technologies for complex service of e-commerce, which will be one of the main types of business in the development of a global network protocols of electronic data interchange, electronic auctions etc.
EN
Transition to the market relations caused big transformations in the tourism sphere.The centralized control system of tourism, the state financial support of development of theregional tourist centers is as a result cancelled, bases of interaction of different regions increation and advance on the consumer market of tourist products are broken. Indicators ofdynamics of growth of profitability of tourism considerably advance indicators of dynamicsof growth of profitability of other spheres of economy
UK
Перехід до ринкових відносин викликав глибокі перетворення у сфері туризму.В результаті скасовано централізовану систему управління туризмом, державну фінансову підтримку розвитку регіональних туристичних центрів, порушено основи взаємодії різних регіонів у створенні і просуванні на споживчий ринок туристичного продукту. Показники динаміки росту прибутковості туризму значно випереджають показники динаміки росту прибутковості інших галузей економіки.
PL
W celu należytej kontroli efektywności realizacji celów strategicznych zawartych w strategiach rozwoju regionalnego wykorzystuje się monitoring, który pełni funkcje kontrolne oraz weryfikujące skuteczność wdrażanych przedsięwzięć. Obowiązek monitorowania strategii regionalnych wynika z zapisów ustawy o samorządzie województwa, która zgodnie z art. 41 ust. 2 pkt 4a wskazuje, że do Zarządu Województwa należy monitorowanie i analizowanie procesów rozwojowych w układzie przestrzennym oraz strategii rozwoju województwa, regionalnych programów operacyjnych, programów rozwoju i programów służących realizacji umowy partnerstwa w zakresie polityki spójności oraz kontraktu terytorialnego. Istotnym aspektem monitoringu strategii jest zaangażowanie w ten proces instytucji realizujących różne funkcje publiczne, a jego prawidłowy przebieg uzależniony jest od właściwie dobranych wskaźników. Dla efektywnej realizacji działań podejmowanych przez władze wojewódzkie konieczne staje się zatem opracowanie systemu, który dostarczałby informacji o skuteczności i słuszności prowadzonej polityki rozwoju. Zarządzanie rozwojem, w którym kładzie się nacisk na pomiar osiągnięć jest częścią good governance i zapewnia odpowiednią jakość wdrażania dokumentu i skuteczność realizowanej polityki. Artykuł ma charakter studium przypadku, a przy uwzględnieniu ważności i aktualności problematyki jego celem jest prezentacja systemu pomiaru i realizacji celów zawartych w Strategii Województwa Mazowieckiego, a także popularyzacja zastosowanych rozwiązań umożliwiających aktualną ocenę, a tym samym dających możliwość reagowania na występujące trudności oraz poprawę jakości implementacji.
EN
For the purpose of a proper control of effectiveness of achievement of the strategical goals contained in the strategies of regional development there is used monitoring which plays the control functions and the ones verifying effectiveness of the measures being implemented. The obligation to monitor the regional strategies issues from the provisions of the Act on Voivodship Government, which, pursuant to Art. 41(2)(4a), indicates that the Voivodship Executive Board’s duty comprises monitoring and analysing the development processes by area as well as strategy of voivodship development, regional operational programmes, developmental programmes and the programmes serving implementation of the partnership agreement as regards the cohesion policy and the territorial contract. An important aspect of monitoring is involvement in this process of the institutions fulfilling various public functions and its correct course depends on the properly selected indicators. Therefore, for an effective implementation of the measures taken by provincial authorities there becomes necessary development of the system that would have provided information on effectiveness and correctness of the carried out developmental policy. Development management, where the measurement of achievements is emphasised, is a part of good governance and ensures an adequate quality of implementation of the document and efficiency of the policy carried out. The article is of the nature of case study and, while taking into account the validity and topicality of the problems, its aim is to present the system of measurement and implementation of the goals contained in the Strategy for Masovian Voivodship as well as to popularise the applied solutions enabling the topical evaluation thus enabling reaction to the occurring difficulties and improvement of the quality of implementation.
PL
Gospodarka oparta na wiedzy (GOW) to nowy model gospodarki odpowiadający na wyzwa-nia integracji i globalizacji. Charakteryzuje ją wykorzystanie wiedzy i informacji do tworzenia innowacji technologicznych dzięki istnieniu społeczeństwa informacyjnego oraz wsparciu instytu-cji rządowych w rozwój edukacji, badań i przedsiębiorczości. Działania związane z rozwo-jem/rozkwitem wiedzy można rozpatrywać z perspektywy mikroekonomicznej (małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa), makroekonomicznej (tzw. wysokie technologie) oraz mezoekonomicznej (in-stytucje i urzędy szczebla samorządowego). Na efektywne tworzenie GOW w Polsce wpływ ma rozwój siedmiu elementów: przedsiębiorstwa oparte na wiedzy, polityka proinnowacyjna, rynek kapitałowy, rynek pracy, system edukacyjny, polityka naukowa i zarządzanie wiedzą oraz regiony i polityka regionalna. W tej ostatniej najważniejsze jest budowanie Regionalnych Systemów Innowacji, które niekoniecznie nakierowane są na GOW, choć na tym poziomie byłoby to najwłaściwsze i najefektywniejsze. Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu polityki regionalnej na wzrost konkurencyjności regionu lubelskiego w odniesieniu do aspektów związanych z gospodarką opartą na wiedzy w oparciu analizę Strategii Rozwoju Województwa Lubelskiego na lata 2006–2020.
EN
Knowledge-based economy (KBE) is a new model of economy responding to the challenges of integration and globalization. It is characterized by the use of knowledge and information to create technological innovations thanks to information society and government support in the development of education, research and entrepreneurship. Activities related with the development of the knowledge can be viewed from the perspective of microeconomics (small and medium-sized enterprises), macroeconomics (so-called high-tech) and mezoeconomics (institutions and local government offices). The effective creation of knowledge-based economy in Poland is influenced by the development of seven elements: enterprises based on knowledge, innovation-oriented poli-cy, capital market, labor market, education system, scientific policy and knowledge management, the regions and regional policy. In last of those the most important is to build Regional Innovation Systems (RIS), which is not necessarily geared toward knowledge-based economy, although at this level it would be the most appropriate and most effective. This article aims to analyze the impact of the regional policy to increase competitiveness of the Lublin region in relation to aspects of the knowledge-based economy according to an analysis of the Lublin Regional Development Strategy for the years 2006–2020.
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