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EN
Article compares (in certain aspects of narration) three diaries written in 1640 during chamberlain of Lvov Wojciech Miaskowski's voyage to Turkey, where he was sent by the king Vladislaus IV Vasa as an envoy to the sultan Ibrahim I. An overview of different ways of presenting the same events by different authors shows the development of old Polish diaries as a quasi-literary genre, in particular the noticeable tendency to fictionalize the story, regardless of the addressees of the text. Analyzed relations indicate the presence of this trend in both official and private diaries.
EN
In the following paper the authors decided to discuss the „diplomatic” correspondence of the Anna Radziwiłłowa (de domo Mycielska) and the diary of the baron Charles de Saint-Pol, which are nowadays in the repertory of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, touching the matter of the action took by the second wife of the Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł „Rybeńko” in the case of his son „Panie Kochanku” (Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł) in the 1764.
PL
Informacje źródłowe dotyczące wydarzeń kryminalnych oraz funkcjonowania wymiaru sprawiedliwości we Wrocławiu w pierwszych dekadach XVIII wieku są ograniczone. Przy rekonstrukcji tego typu faktów zdani jesteśmy między innymi na źródła takie jak pamiętniki czy dzienniki, zwłaszcza te pisane przez przedstawicieli ówczesnego wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Jednym z owych źródeł jest diariusz Ottona Wenzla von Nostitz-Rieneck, starosty księstwa wrocławskiego w latach 1726–1741. Dwa tomy tego dziennika znajdują się we wrocławskim Archiwum Państwowym w Rep. 135 pod numerem 573 (559 stron) i 574 (736 stron). Obejmują okres od 6 listopada 1726 do 26 października 1729 roku oraz od 9 listopada 1737 do 31 grudnia 1744 roku. Pierwsza część dziennika dotyczy okresu, w którym jego autor był najwyższym przedstawicielem wymiaru sprawiedliwości w księstwie wrocławskim. Z tego powodu niejako urzędowo miał kontakt z osobami skazanymi oraz interesował się przebiegiem egzekucji, o czym wspominał w swoich zapiskach. Drugi okres opisywany przez Nostitza to lata 1737–1744, a więc czas, kiedy Śląsk przeszedł pod pruskie panowanie, on sam zaś przestał pełnić funkcję starosty księstwa. Złamanie neutralności Wrocławia w sierpniu 1742 roku oraz zajęcie miasta przez wojsko pruskie spowodowały występowanie różnych ekscesów, jak bójki i kradzieże, które były udziałem wojskowych. Nostitz informował też o egzekucjach dezerterów, a przede wszystkim towarzyszących im kobiet, wymieniał czyny samobójcze oraz zbrodnie, których dopuszczali się wojskowi i cywile.
EN
The amount of source information on the criminal events and the functioning of the justice system in Wrocław in the first decades of the 18th century is quite limited. When reconstructing such events we have to rely on sources such as diaries and journals, especially those kept by representatives of the judiciary at that time. The diary by Otto Wenzel von Nostitz-Rieneck, Starost of Wrocław Duchy (1726–1741) is a great example of such a source. Two volumes of the diary are kept in the National Archives in Wrocław under the Rep. 135 No. 573 (559 pages) and 574 (736 pages). They cover the period from November 6, 1726 to October 26, 1729 and from November 9, 1737 to December 31, 1744. The first part of the journal deals with the time when the author was the highest representative of the judiciary in the Wrocław Duchy. His position allowed him to have contact with convicts. He was also interested in the process of execution, which he mentions in his notes. The other time Nostitz describes in his diary is the period between 1737 and 1744, when Silesia was under Prussian rule, while he himself stopped being the Starost of the Duchy. The break of Wroclaw’s neutrality in August 1742 and the city’s occupation by the Prussian army resulted in various excesses, such as brawls and thefts, that involved military men. Nostitz reported on the executions of deserters, and especially the women accompanying them; he wrote about suicide and crimes committed by the military and by civilians.
EN
The paper is devoted to analyzing the phenomenon of the cipher, which appears in the Old Polish correspondence and diary prose. The analysis will turn in the direction of texts written by persons involved in hidden amorous relationships, objectionable from the point of view the official social norms, given the fact that the lovers commit treason against wedded partners. Letters by Sobieski and Marysieńka served as a starting point and then reflection also included correspondence from Magdalena Czapska and Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł. Due to a distinct species convention, somewhat different perspective has appointed diary of enamored Jan Krzysztof Biegański. Considerations apply to both the nature of ciphers used in these texts, as well as the causes and functions of their use which, despite appearances, did not involve only with the need to hide a sinful relationship. The issue of readability of encrypted texts and the ability to discover covert meanings has also been raised.
EN
The article focuses on the experience of isolation and evidence thereof in personal document literature (journals, diaries, letters, among others), as well as on the traces of prison experiences in poetic texts (such as by Zbigniew Morsztyn). Questions posed by the author of the article relate to various aspects of experiencing prison trauma. They concentrate on issues and topics such as: man and fate, nostalgia, resentment, torture, making use of time in isolation (from despair to acts of literary creativity). One subject of special interest to the author is a particular literary diction (verbalising discomforts of isolation), taking shape in the discourse of the self as inmate, as well as the transforming of this extreme experience into a literary image.
EN
The article is an analysis of diary of Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł – known as „Rybeńko” (1702-1762) – in terms of reading the way of presenting the relations within family there. Reading his very extensive writings, carried regularly for several years, proves the strategy adopted by the author regarding the presentation of the events in relation to the members of the magnate family. It is suggested to ignore inconvenient facts, as well as to conceal controversial motives or consequences of their own actions, and also further or closer relatives. Whereas everything that can bring glamour and recognition is emphasised. Radziwiłł tries to create an idealized image of the family, looking on their relatives from the perspective of social roles, in which they shall be filled. The aim of the article is to discover and describe the mechanisms, present in the diary, as concealment and conscious creation, contributing to a spotless family portrait construction.
EN
The paper characterizes the diary of the duke Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł, as the sourceused during edition of his second wife's letters to her fiancé and subsequently husband from1744-1750. Due to the fact that most of Radziwiłł's answers have not been retained, the diary lets settle doubts on issues encountered during research on his wife's collection partly. It provides researches with chance to complement missing dates and places, recognize described persons, solve unclear issues. The notes let decode crucial features of addressee's difficult personality, whereas for a few years the author had only spoken highly about him. Later sheran away from him and pleaded for invalidation of the marriage.
EN
The article is trying to analyse the diary written by Teofila Morawska in the XVIII century and distinguish in it two aspects of narration typical of autobiographical writing, i.e. an external focaliser and an internal focaliser. The analysis made allows to affirm that this diary can be considered a certain step in the evolution of the genre of literature, in which it comes to gradual change of the main role of an external focaliser for the sake of an internal focaliser. The traveller’s priority was also to describe the surrounding area. However, numerous comments concerning this reality and reflections based on it give the opportunity to know the personality of a traveller, which was hidden before by the surrounding described.
EN
The subject of this publication is an excerpt from the diary of Father Antoni Zawadzki, a protoarchimandrite of the Basilian Order, found by the late Prof. Ihor Skoczylas. The source belongs to the collection of Orthodox Bishop Paweł (whose proper name was Prokop Dobrochotov), deposited in the Scientific and Research Archive of the St Petersburg Institute of the History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The text of the diary, in Latin and Polish, refers to the events of the Provincial Synod in Zamość in 1720 (25 August–18 September), which is why its editor called it the Diary of the Synod of Zamość. It was published in accordance with the contemporary principles of editing historical sources, and is preceded by an extensive introduction discussing the text and introducing Father Antoni and the historical context of related events. The diary belongs to the written narrative sources created en masse among the clerical and lay elite of the Kyiv Metropolitan Archdiocese. It is an act of public law and an official document of the Basilian Order, and its text consists of chronicler’s notes on the events of the synod, descriptions of its sessions and deliberations, Zawadzki’s activities as the protoarchimandrite of the Order, documents and correspondence of the Roman Curia and the Basilian Order and official decrees of the protoarchimandrite regarding administrative, economic, pastoral and financial matters.    
PL
Przedmiotem publikacji jest fragment odnalezionego przez śp. prof. Ihora Skoczylasa Dziennika protoarchimandryty zakonu bazylianów o. Antoniego (Zawadzkiego). Źródło należy do kolekcji prawosławnego biskupa Pawła (właśc. Prokopa Dobrochotowa), zdeponowanej w Naukowo-Badawczym Archiwum Petersburskiego Instytutu Historii Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk. Tekst dziennika, napisany w języku łacińskim i polskim, dotyczy wydarzeń zamojskiego synodu prowincjonalnego w 1720 roku (25 sierpnia – 18 września), dlatego nazwany został przez jego edytora Diariuszem synodu zamojskiego. Wydany jest zgodnie ze współczesnymi zasadami edycji źródeł historycznych, a poprzedza go rozbudowany wstęp omawiający tekst oraz przybliżający osobę o. Antoniego i kontekst historyczny wydarzeń. Diariusz należy do pisemnych źródeł narracyjnych tworzonych masowo w środowisku duchownych i świeckich elit metropolii kijowskiej. Jest aktem prawa publicznego i oficjalnym dokumentem zakonu bazylianów, a na jego blok tekstowy składają się: zapiski kronikarskie na temat wydarzeń synodu, opisy jego sesji i narad, czynności Zawadzkiego jako protoarchimandryty zakonu, dokumenty i korespondencja Kurii Rzymskiej i zakonu bazylianów, a także oficjalne rozporządzenia protoarchimandryty odnośnie do spraw administracyjnych, gospodarczych, duszpasterskich i finansowych.
EN
The article discusses the fragments of Basel manuscript of Thomas Platter the Younger’s diary from his journey through France, in which Daniel Naborowski is mentioned. The document sheds new light on the life of the Polish poet. As it turns out, in early 1596, between Orleans and Geneva, Naborowski first visited Montpellier, Nîmes, and Avignon. The document is the more important that Platter offers a detailed insight into the early period of the poet’s student life, even before he entered the service of the Radziwiłłs. Platter provides direct quotes from Naborowski, who served as an interpreter of young travellers during their (sometimes contentious) contacts with foreign nations.
PL
Artykuł omawia fragmenty bazylejskiego rękopisu, dziennika Thomasa Plattera Młodszego z jego podróży po Francji, w których został wspomniany Daniel Naborowski. Dokument rzuca nowe światło na biografię polskiego poety. Okazało się, że między Orleanem a Genewą Naborowski odwiedził na początku 1596 r. Montpellier, Nîmes i Awinion. Znaczenie źródła polega na tym, że Platter daje szczegółowy wgląd we wczesny okres życia poety z czasów studenckich, jeszcze przed zaciągnięciem się przezeń na służbę Radziwiłłów. Platter cytuje wręcz wypowiedzi Naborowskiego, który pełnił funkcję tłumacza młodych podróżnych podczas (czasem konfrontacyjnych) kontaktów z obcymi nacjami.
EN
Mieczysław Marcinkowski’s diary entitled Wbrew losowi. Z partyzantki i tułaczki 1939–1945 was created in two periods of the author’s life and two geographical and cultural areas (Subcarpathia during wartime in Poland and California in the 1990s). Developed by a group of Rzeszów scientists, the diary of a Home Army fighter in Subcarpathia, later a refugee, now living in Pasadena, USA, is a record of events, experiences and reflections from wartime occupation and postwar exile. It is a convincing record of facts, which makes it a valuable source text for historians. It is also a work of some literary quality, written in spontaneous and sincere language that triggers empathy in the reader, and it is fairly original at the composition level.
EN
Supporting materials on Polish history for graduates have been examined from the statistic side. Counting was not the individual parts of speech, but the word-forming bases of autosemantic words. In the material studied, relatively high frequency of concepts connected with the phenomenon of war was observed. Common concepts are war, fighting, army. On the other hand, related to the notion of war, rare words form long lists in the layer of hapax legomena. It allows to interpret some historical narrations intended for high school students as focused on the phenomenon of war. Kazimierz Sarnecki, the courtier of the Lithuanian magnate, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, prepared for his master written reports from the court of Jan III Sobieski, at which he stayed between 1691 and 1696, with a few interruptions. They consist of a systematically kept diary and longer epistolary relations. Sarnecki writes in them about the matters that interested his patron (the king’s health, court life, government appointments, war affairs), he rarely mentions himself. The subject of my interest is the way in which Sarnecki recounts Sobieski’s Moldovan expedition of 1691 (in which he participated himself), the subsequent Polish-Tatar struggles in Podolia, battles on the other fronts of the Holy League, and the Nine Years’ War (these events he knows only vicariously). He describes the Moldovan expedition completely. Just as authors of the official war diaries, he lists the stages of the march, the grouping of troops, in the reports of battles you can see the professionalism. He informs very vaguely about the killed, accentuates only losses, incurred by the forces from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He emphasizes active participation of Lithuanian troops in the fighting. He does not hide the difficulties with supplies, although he does not shift the blame on Sobieski. He will also repeat — as other authors of the war memories did — a rumour about a miraculous event during the campaign. He limits relations about nature to its impact on warfare; similarly he looks at the buildings he passes through the prism of their military utility. War reports from later times (1692–1696) are different. The civil matters dominate, while the battles with the Tatars or battles in Western Europe Sarnecki mentions irregularly and perfunctorily
EN
After the Swedish attack on Royal Prussia in July 1626, the authorities of the Duchy of Prussia, in connection with the accusations leveled against them in the Commonwealth for allowing Gustavus Adolf’s troops to pass through the territory of the Duchy and the obligation to provide military assistance to Sigismund III, sent Wolf von der Ölsnitz as an envoy to the Polish king. The envoy accompanied the monarch and the Crown army during the campaign against the Swedes in the second half of 1626 and was present during its most important event – the Battle of Gniew (September 22 – October 1). Ölsnitz regularly compiled diary entries, which he sent in parts to the Elector of Brandenburg, Jerzy Wilhelm, and to the Prussian councilors. Th ree fragments of the diary have been preserved (covering the period from 24 September to 2 November, 1626) and are currently held in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin-Dahlem. Th ese fragments are practically unknown and unused by historians. They contain a lot of new information that can complement the previous research concerning the first months of the socalled „War for the mouth of the Vistula”.
DE
Nach dem schwedischen Angriff auf Königlich-Preußen im Juli 1626 entsandten die Behörden von Herzoglich-Preußen angesichts der Vorwürfe aus dem Königreich Polen, man würde das Heer von Gustav Adolf durch das Gebiet des Herzogtums ziehen lassen, und auch angesichts ihrer Verpfl ichtung, Sigismund III. militärischen Beistand zu leisten, Wolf von der Ölsnitz als Gesandten zum polnischen König. Der Gesandte begleitete den Monarchen und das Kronheer während des Feldzugs gegen die Schweden in der zweiten Hälft e des Jahres 1626 und wurde Zeuge dessen größten Ereignisses – der Schlacht von Gniew (22. September – 1. Oktober). Er führte regelmäßig ein Tagebuch, das er in Teilen an den Kurfürsten von Brandenburg, Georg Wilhelm, und an die preußischen Hohen Räte schickte. Im Geheimen Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin-Dahlem haben sich drei Fragmente dieses Tagebuchs erhalten, die den Zeitraum vom 24. September bis zum 2. November 1626 abdecken. Diese Quelle ist praktisch unbekannt und wird von Historikern nicht genutzt. Sie enthält viele neue Informationen, die die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über die ersten Monate des sogenannten „Weichselmündungskrieges” ergänzen können.
PL
Po ataku szwedzkim na Prusy Królewskie w lipcu 1626 r. władze Prus Książęcych, zobowiązane do udzielenia pomocy militarnej Zygmuntowi III, w związku z wysuwanymi w Rzeczypospolitej przeciw nim oskarżeniom o przepuszczenie przez terytorium Księstwa wojsk Gustawa Adolfa wysłały w poselstwie do króla polskiego Wolfa von der Ölsnitza. Poseł towarzyszył monarsze i armii koronnej w czasie kampanii przeciw Szwedom w drugiej połowie 1626 r., był świadkiem największego wydarzenia w jej trakcie – bitwy pod Gniewem (22 września – 1 października). Regularnie sporządzał diariusz, który w częściach przesyłał elektorowi brandenburskiemu Jerzemu Wilhelmowi i nadradcom pruskim. W Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz w Berlinie-Dahlem zachowały się trzy fragmenty tegoż diariusza, obejmujące okres od 24 września do 2 listopada 1626 r. Źródło to jest praktycznie nieznane i niewykorzystane przez historyków. Zawiera wiele nowych informacji, które mogą uzupełnić dotychczasowe ustalenia na temat pierwszych miesięcy tzw. „wojny o ujście Wisły”.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2019
|
vol. 14
|
issue 9
202-219
EN
The paper deals with the manner in which the Pole Jan Piotrowski, the author of the diary of Stefan Batory’s expedition to Pskov (1581-1582), depicted the Lithuanians participating in it. He rarely referred to stereotypical ideas about them, rather than this he described the reality that he observed and did not skew it towards the established beliefs.Although he valued his countrymen more, he could show courage and bravery of the Lithuanian soldiers, especially praising the raid of Krzysztof Radziwiłł’s troop. Somewhat more often, however, he reprimanded the Lithuanians: underestimated their number and combat quality, accused them of withdrawing too quickly from Pskov, emphasized their susceptibility to rumours. Among the citizens of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he most disliked  Chancellor Eustachy Wołłowicz, who hindered Piotrowski from fulfilling his mission and often refused access to the documents he possessed.The image we receive is inhomogeneous. It combines  bright and dark sides of fellow Lithuanian citizens, which makes it seem very credible.
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