Jacek Kulbaka, Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 117–149. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.06The article is dedicated to presenting the information regarding the origins, organisation and the activity of special schools and institutions in Europe, with the particular focus on Polish territories (from the beginning of the 19th century to the final years of the Polish People’s Republic). The text nature may be included within the framework of inquiries regarding the history of education. Referring to the wide historical context (social, political, economical, legal, outlook and other determinants), the aim of the author of the text was to introduce the accomplishments of particular individuals, and various institutions active for the children with disabilities, in the discussed period.
Nowadays, social changes include the perception not only of disability itself, but also of a family with a disabled member. These changes concern the organisation of support for the family, which functions in the entire social ecosystem, including the closest social groups, e.g., the neighbourhood. Although this neighbourhood, which is also subject to changes, can become an invaluable source of support, unfortunately, it may also become an environment that contributes to the social exclusion of a family. In this paper, the author presents selected aspects of the co-existence of people with disabilities and their families with their neighbours. The paper used research on opinions about being the neighbour of a family with a disabled person, which included declarations of help or support really offered. The author asserts that a family with a disabled person can experience both positive and negative attitudes and behaviours from neighbours.
Irena Ramik-Mażewska, Employer’s Assistant – new value in employing persons with disabilities. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 417–432. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.20 The purpose of this article is to present the initiative of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, which is aimed at increasing the professional activity of persons with disabilities. The developed and tested model of the employer’s assistant is, in the special pedagogy, a new quality directed towards the labour market. The Employer’s Assistant does not deal, in essence, only with a person with a disability, but mainly with the environment of employers to hire persons that suffer from disabilities. In the article, I refer to the assistant of the disabled person as a result of the biopsychosocial model of disability, which creates a great opening to the discussion on various models of assistance. I would like to point out the specific consequences of the lack of employment among people with disabilities. I present the premises of the employer’s assistant model and the evaluation of its effectiveness, the main consequence of which is the ability to build social capital of persons with disabilities. By cooperating with many environments, the employer’s assistant develops specific social behavioural patterns and becomes a foundation of social activity of persons with disabilities.
The article addresses the issue of success in the context of people with disabilities. Attention was paid to the specific nature of the concept; starting with the definition, attempts were made to point out that success, being a certain “objective” construct, has a definitely individual character and should be considered as such. This individual dimension designates not only the interpretative framework determining its achievement, but also draws attention to the fact that success may have many faces. There is a need for achievement in every person, a completed challenge gives a sense of happiness, and this, according to many, is the real measure of success.
Human life is abundant in events which have impact on people’s life paths, which in turn influence their behavioural patterns shaping them to deviate from the accepted standards. Certainly, the experience of disability is an event which superimposes numerous and wide-ranging biopsychosocial consequences for those affected by it. It is a difficult situation that limits one’s potential to satisfy one’s needs and to meet the expectations of the public. Young people, who desperately look for ways to cope with such a situation, often resort to risky behaviours (e.g.smoking, drinking alcohol, early sexual initiation, aggression) and frequently find themselves in dire straits. However, experience demonstrates that such measures not only fail to solve problems, but intensify them, often leading to social maladjustment, which then may end up in social exclusion. Therefore, risky behaviour, particularly in adolescents with disabilities, appears to be a serious problem thatrequires diagnosis and intervention. The aim of this discussion is to demonstrate risky behaviour in young people with disabilities and to look at it through the prism of their conditioning rooted in their attempts (usually unsuccessful) to cope with a difficult life situation maimed by disability.
Issues of normalisation, autonomy and self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities in special education have already taken their fixed place. The consequence of this continuing discourse is the personal nature of disability, international, timeless declarations and modifications of already established rights. Recently, the emancipatory trend is gaining in importance in this discourse. It remains in close correlation with the primary objective of educating people with intellectual disabilities, which is comprehensive preparation for life. It is a form of conscious self-reliance, self-knowledge and the capacity to take autonomous action. One of the areas of development of self-reliance is work. The resulting interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences can become the path to emancipation. Sometimes one that goes beyond the standards of rehabilitation.
PL
The problem of normalization, autonomy and self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities in special education has already taken its place. The consequence of this continuing discourse is the personal nature of disability, international, timeless declarations and modifications of already established rights. Recently, the emancipatory trend is gaining in importance in this discourse. It remains in close correlation with the primary objective of educating people with intellectual disabilities which is comprehensive preparation for life. It is a form of conscious self-reliance, self-knowledge and capacity to take autonomous action. One of the areas of development of self-reliance is work. The resulting interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences can become the path to emancipation. Sometimes, one that goes beyond the standards of rehabilitation.
This article presents an account of research based on individual in-depth interviews. It emphasizes the aspects of the functioning of people with impairments which are difficult to capture by carrying out quantitative analysis. This paper is aimed to describe selected factors that determine the activity of disabled people, in particular those which could be used in further, more precise studies of disability.
The aim of my paper is to analyse the cognitive and ethical aspects of selected literary and film depictions of disabilities. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociology of literature and critical discourse analysis, I set out to demonstrate how selected literary and film works depict situations and problems related to social inclusion of people with disabilities. I focus on two questions: 1) How do artistic creations build able people’s knowledge of the social situation and position of people with disabilities? 2) What ethical problems can such depictions involve?
PL
The aim of my paper is to analyze cognitive and ethical aspects of selected literary and film depictions of disabilities. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociology of literature and critical discourse analysis I set out to demonstrate how selected literary and film works depict situations and problems with social inclusion of people with disabilities. I concentrate on two questions: 1) How do artistic creations build non-disabled people's knowledge of the social situation and position of people with disabilities? 2) What ethical problems can such depictions involve?
The following article presents the goals and assumptions contained in the project entitled “Psychosocial influences concerning disabled people’s professional activity”. The study was conducted in four stages: (1) document analysis and literature review presenting research concerning how disabled people function on the job market; (2) expert opinions, including disabled people; (3) qualitative studies employing Maxqda2 to analyze information gathered from 311 interviews; and (4) quantitative research on a sample of 1498 participants with various types of disabilities (hearing, sight, physical, somatic, and psychological) conducted in 2007. The following article presents the first set of results obtained, referring to connections on a socio-demographic level (place of residence, gender, age, education, and marital status) as well as those isolating disability characteristics (type, level, and genesis) against degree of life satisfaction. Comparisons were executed for five groups with various employment statuses: employed, those looking for employment who had worked before, those looking for employment who had no previous employment experience, previously employed but had no intention of returning to the workforce and those who had never worked and had no intention of becoming employed. Lowest feelings of life satisfaction were among those not looking for employment whereas highest levels of life satisfaction occurred amongst employed participants. Important risk factors: gender (female), age (elderly), low education, marital status (single), place of residence (non-city dwellers), disability (innate and level).
The article discusses the basic principles for implementing the communication process with particular emphasis on the specifics of the deaf people. Indicating the need for information of this type of consumers, reference is made to conditions of marketing communication implemented in practice. An important complement to the theoretical study is presented data from a representative survey research among members of the Polish Association of the Deaf conducted in the first quarter of 2012. The primary objective of the study was to determine the attitude of the deaf to advertising, with particular emphasis on non-verbal and non-language content contained in the broadcast television commercials.
The article presents the analysis of the phenomenon of disability from the perspective of human-based capabilities approach. Both health and disability, are concepts that are difficult to be defined precisely. Throughout history, the approach to what health and what disease and disability are have changed. The current approach to health emphasizes the fact that it is something more than just the absence of the disease. It is a kind of well-being experienced at the physical, mental and social level. Th is approach was based on the concept correlates of human capabilities, in which one of the most taken matters is the welfare of man. Health is one of the most valuable opportunities, which has a direct impact on the implementation of other valuable ways of being or acting. On the other hand, disability is manifestations of human diversity and complex interaction with the environment. Its underlying damage (impairment) that may – but need not – turn into a disability. Whether this happens depends on the one hand, the resources that a person has, or that can be used, and on the other – from the conversion factors that may facilitate or restrict access to the capabilities, and through it – the functioning, which considers valuable. Hence, disability may be treated as a form of multidimensional deprivation.
The following article is the third publication presenting the results of a study concerning the professional activity of handicapped people (see: „Nauka” 1/2008 and „Nauka” 2/2008). The purpose of this part of the research was to determine whether there is a relationship between professional status, life satisfaction, and various personal competencies among handicapped people. Apart from this, we also wanted to establish what conditions personal competencies by focusing on social-demographic factors and disability characteristics. The tested competencies were isolated from the administered questionnaire using a factor analysis. Seven factors were found: locus of control, level of aspiration, potential for development, effort invested in development, impulsiveness, stamina, and mood. Analysis of the results leads to the following conclusions: (1) personal competencies are significantly related to professional activity for handicapped people, as is level of life satisfaction, (2) personal competencies are related to external factors shaping the development of handicapped people, such as: dwelling, gender, level of disability, and type of disability.
The problem of disability is an element of social and economic policy of the stateIn Poland, disability affects every tenth person and is present in every fourth household. The wide range of actions is aimed at equality and improvement of the situation of people with disabilities through elimination of architectural, legal or mental barriers. The aim of the publication was to present selected elements of social policy towards the disabled people in Poland, by an indication of the task purpose fund responsible for this area (PFRON) and the tasks of local authorities in this matter. The publication is based on the available literature, statistical data and netography. The article presents briefly the nature and genesis of the concept of disability. It presents as well characteristics of the scale of disability in Poland and discusses the evolution of approaches to persons with disabilities in time.
The issue of the article focuses on the demand and supply innovation incentives aimed at people with varying degrees of hearing loss. The aim of this publication is to confront actual inventive activity representing the supply side with expectations of their users who create demand-side innovative incentives. Thus, for the purposes of this article will be used two research methods. Inventive activity will be analyzed using the patent metrics tools. Its assessment and identification of users expectations (on the example of hearing aids) will be made based on results of questionnaires.
Everyone has the right to dignity, which is assigned by virtue of humanity. Although this right is guaranteed, it is sometimes in different situations violated. It does not always happen in a direct way, but through the actions, which do not take into account the specific needs of individuals due to their differences. The everyday life of such people differs from everyday life of other people. Disability constitutes one of the reasons of this situation. This article is an attempt to draw people’s attention to these aspects of the organization of social life, which not only make life more complicated for people with disabilities, but also contribute to the sense of humiliation that occurs in connection with emerging difficulties.
The situation of the elderly and disabled residents in Podlaskie voivodeship is presented in the article. The considerations have been conducted on the basis of secondary analysis of existing data. The purpose of the analysis is to show the relationship between the social status of the elderly and the people with disabilities, and their social and economic conditions in the macroscale in Podlaskie voivodeship. What is important in the discussion is to show the implications arising from the level of economic development, the scale of migration, the development of medical, welfare and communication infrastructures in Podlaskie voivodeship in the context of the life situation of the elderly and the disabled living in that area.
In the ecosystem perspective of family life, disability is not a problem only focused on the child but it affects the whole family in all its functions and dimensions of existence. It also determines the quality of life of the family that undertakes to raise a disabled child. The work involves evaluation of the quality of life of families raising disabled children residing in the territory of Podlaskie Voivodeship. The Polish version of Family Quality of Life Survey (by I. Brown et al., translated by: Zasępa E, Wapiennik E, Wołowicz A, 2006) was used in the research. Both strengths and deficits resulting from the analysis of findings of the research on family quality of life were pointed out in the work. They were then used to identify the needs of practical support for the families.
Na wstępie zdefiniowano istotę niepełnosprawności, przedstawiono trzy stopnie niepełnosprawności. Zanalizowano uwarunkowania prawne osób ze znacznym stopniem niepełnosprawności, wynikające z nich uprawnienia i ulgi w szerokim zakresie
EN
The essence of disability is defined, three levels of disability are presented at the beginning. The legal conditions of people with a significant degree of disability, the resulting rights and reliefs in a wide range are analyzed.
Purpose: To evaluate perceptions of disabled persons held by children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years based on their artwork. Materials and methods: 192 children's drawings were analyzed. These were submitted from all of Poland, from hospital recreation centers, schools, art studios, sick children, children with special needs, and healthy children in the "My disabled friend” contest. Results: Most artworks were from children aged from 8 to 10 years old (40.6%), 4 to 7 (33.9%) and 11 to 14 (17.2%). The remaining artwork was completed by adolescents from 15 to 20 years old - 16 (8.3%) persons (including the oldest with intellectual disabilities). The artworks were divided into four age groups: 4-7, 8-10, 11-14, and over 15. Various techniques were used: torn paper collage, collage, wax scratch, coloring pages, painting using poster paints and watercolors. Conclusions: The children's drawings show their positive attitude towards people with disabilities. Children are aware of the need to help and support people with disabilities. In the imagination of children, a disabled person can fully participate in society
W pracy przedstawiono procedury możliwości uzyskania orzeczeń o niepełnosprawności w stopniu znacznym oraz niezdolności do samodzielnej egzystencji. Przedstawiono także, jak poruszać się w gąszczu przepisów prawnych, jakie dokumenty należy złożyć, aby było możliwe uzyskanie orzeczenia o niepełnosprawności, na co zwrócić uwagę przy wypełnianiu wniosku. W postępowaniu o zaliczenie do odpowiedniego stopnia niepełnosprawności obowiązuje dwuinstancyjność.
EN
The paper presents the procedures for obtaining certificates of significant disability and inability to live independently. It also shows how to navigate through the maze of legal regulations, what documents must be submitted in order to obtain a disability certificate, what to pay attention to when filling them in. There is a two-instances rule in the procedure for recognition as a disability of an appropriate degree.
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