A train named disappointment. The affective program of the novels Liebeserklärung by Micheal Lentz and Trociny by Krzysztof Varga. The article is an attempt to explore the problem of emotional suffering in two contemporary novels, which are told from a male perspective. In Liebeserklärung by Michael Lentz and Trociny by Krzysztof Varga, the staging of the disappointed love goes hand in hand with a train journey. As it were a train named disappointment, the protagonists reflect upon their unhappy love, which leads to an affective program of anger, hatred and disgust. The subject of the analysis is not least the affective poetics of the two novels on crisis, love and men, which can be compared considering their search for a language of disappointed love.
The goal of this paper is to formulate several observations on the psychological relations between vita contemplativa and vita activa (hereafter, respectively, VC and VA) which manifest in the context of the two following problems: (1) what basic psychological mechanisms may propel an agent to forsake one type of life for the sake of another; and (2) what effect an agent’s deep involvement in VC may have for his attitude towards VA as well as for his manner of pursuing VA (if he decides to abandon VC and pursue this way of life). In the paper, the distinction is made between VC in the strong sense (metaphysically/religiously oriented) and VC in the weak sense, and it is argued, among others, that the two features of VC in the strong sense-selflessness and otherworldliness-make VC a desirable complement of VA (in its public form): the involvement in the public sphere motivated by VA is likely to be not only more effective, but also more durable thaThe goal of this paper is to formulate several observations on the psychological relations between vita contemplativa and vita activa (hereafter, respectively, VC and VA) which manifest in the context of the two following problems: (1) what basic psychological mechanisms may propel an agent to forsake one type of life for the sake of another; and (2) what effect an agent’s deep involvement in VC may have for his attitude towards VA as well as for his manner of pursuing VA (if he decides to abandon VC and pursue this way of life). In the paper, the distinction is made between VC in the strong sense (metaphysically/religiously oriented) and VC in the weak sense, and it is argued, among others, that the two features of VC in the strong sense-selflessness and otherworldliness-make VC a desirable complement of VA (in its public form): the involvement in the public sphere motivated by VA is likely to be not only more effective, but also more durable than the involvement propelled by disappointment with the private VA. Therefore, human beings should not be thought of as (broadly) divided into two rarely interpermeating categories namely those who are ‘psychologically destined’ for VC and those who are ‘psychologically destined’ for VA. Rather, the opposite seems to be true, namely that there exist strong motivational links in the direction from VC to VA.n the involvement propelled by disappointment with the private VA. Therefore, human beings should not be thought of as (broadly) divided into two rarely interpermeating categories namely those who are ‘psychologically destined’ for VC and those who are ‘psychologically destined’ for VA. Rather, the opposite seems to be true, namely that there exist strong motivational links in the direction from VC to VA.
In his short novel published before À Rebours, entitled À vau-l’eau, Huysmans tells a story of a protagonist unable to find good food. His quest for a passable restaurant remains unfulfilled, and joins other unfulfilled needs linked to his social life. It becomes clear that behind this quest, told with numerous details and a significant emphasis, there are other, more profound needs that Huysmans will name, more and more directly, in his post-naturalist novels. At the deepest level, the quest comes down to the impossibility to accept life’s difficulties, its duality, and to the wound of an unhappy childhood and a lost mother, so little named and therefore so present in Huysmans’ works.
The article is dedicated to the essayistic work of Claudio Magris, a great Italian essayist and researcher of culture in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Magris’ well-known works such as “Microspaces”, “The Danube” and “Endless travels” constitute the foundation for the discussion. The author of the article extracts important plots in Magris’ works such as nostalgia and melancholy, harmony and disintegration. He carries out an analysis of Magris’ writings bymeans of referring the above mentioned plots to the world in which the author of “The Danube” sees the roots of the most important in his opinion values of Central Europe. It is a world of the non-existent Austro-Hungarian monarchy from before 1918 shown in the context of the fall of humanism, moral norms and absolute relativism.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony twórczości eseistycznej Claudio Magrisa, wybitnego włoskiego eseisty i badacza kultur z obszaru Europy Środkowej oraz Bałkanów. Podstawa rozważań są znane prace Magrisa, zwłaszcza „Mikrokosmosy”, „Dunaj”, „Podróż bez końca”. Autor artykułu wydobywa ważne wątki twórczości Magrisa: wątek nostalgii i melancholii, harmonii i rozpadu. Dokonuje analizy myśli Magrisa, odnosząc wskazane wątki do świata, w którym autor „Dunaju” zakorzenia, najważniejsze według niego, wartości Europy Środkowej. Jest to świat nieistniejącej austro-węgierskiej monarchii sprzed roku 1918, pokazany w kontekście współczesnego rozpadu humanizmu, norm moralnych i totalnego relatywizmu.
Disappointment and Animosities among Polish Combatants in the 1930s The Polish combatant environment was extremely divided in the 1930s, even among members of the same organisations. This is confirmed by a 1935 report by the Ministry of the Interior. The strongest accusations and assaults were directed against Polish and Jewish legionnaires by the national press - including in the papers Polska Narodowa, Falanga and books like Kazimierz Dołega’s Żydzi w czasie walk o niepodległość Polski. War veterans were supposed to be idols and models for society, particularly youths. The divided combatants were hardly able to live up to those ideals.
Artykuł porusza tematykę wypalenia zawodowego nauczycieli. Stanowi wycinek szerszych badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród pedagogów szkół średnich i podstawowych. Do badań zaprezentowanych w tym studium wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Wypalenia Zawodowego LBQ. Wyniki badań pokazały dość silne natężenie wypalenia zawodowego w tej grupie zawodowej. Ogólnie, bardziej „wypaleni” okazali się nauczyciele ze szkół średnich.
EN
The article refers to the issue of teacher burnout. It is a fragment of a broader empirical study that was conducted among secondary and primary school teachers. The research presented in this study was based on: LBQ Occupational Burnout Questionnaire. The results of the research showed quite strong intensity of professional burnout in this professional group. Generally, teachers from secondary school are burned out more.
In the novel The Mandarins, Simone de Beauvoir shows the crisis of French intellectuals, namely writers facing ideological and political dilemmas after World War Two. Reflecting on the usefulness of their works, the main protagonists ask the fundamental question, namely why / for what to write and act. In the writer’s optics, two solutions are possible. On the one hand, the commitment, and the need for being aware of situations and actions. On the other hand, the idea of the autonomy of literature. This opposition seems to cause a failure of common expectations and hopes, conformism, collapse of values as well as love failures. The history of "broken illusions" of a known milieu allows the writer to make us realize the importance of morality, responsibility, and the presence of another human being. The meaning of the crisis in the novel is expressed by exposing what is most intimate, and by ascribing this state of affairs to the ills of the age, which become a political and ethical imperative.
FR
À travers Les Mandarins, Simone de Beauvoir met en scène la crise qui touche les milieux intellectuels français derrière des personnages d’écrivains aux prises avec les dilemmes idéologiques et politiques de l’après-guerre. Ces personnages, réfléchissant à l’utilité de leurs œuvres, se posent la question fondamentale : « pourquoi / pour quoi écrire et agir ». Dans l’optique beauvoirienne, il y a deux positions : d’une part l’engagement, la nécessité de prendre conscience de la situation, d’agir ; d’autre part l’idée de l’autonomie de la littérature. De cette ambivalence résulteraient la défaite des attentes et des espoirs communs, le conformisme, la polarisation des valeurs ainsi que les échecs sentimentaux. L’histoire des « illusions brisées » de ce milieu permet à l’auteure de rendre compte de l’importance de la morale, de la responsabilité et de la présence d’autrui ainsi que de rejeter le conformisme et la crise des valeurs. La crise des Mandarins s’exprime par leur capacité à révéler le plus intime en l’accordant aux malaises d’une époque pour les transformer en urgences politiques et éthiques.
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