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EN
IntroductionThe text presents the leading subject of the issue, and discusses the question of cultural dis-contiuity, with special interest to its Balkan context.
EN
The process of political socialization, as shown by numerous findings, is characterised as the transmission of political action and behaviour through the generations. In connection with the political changes the Czech Republic experienced since 1945, not only the prospect of generational continuity but also discontinuity come into consideration. The article deals with the influence of parents and other socialization factors on political self-identification in the Czech population. It focuses mainly on the major age groups: young people up to the age of 29, the younger middle generation of 30-44 years, the older middle generation of 45-59 years and individuals aged 60 years or older, and their parents. The starting point of the considerations is the theory of social change and the interconnection of political socialization on the micro and macro levels. The paper analyses the circumstances of socialization and its effects on political orientation in a representative sample of Czech population (N = 522). The basis for determining the impact of socialization was set as the intensity of interest in political events together with the main resources affecting political orientation such as self-education and reading, followed by parental influence. The ratio of father’s and mother’s communist orientation plus their interest in politics accounted for the other socialization factors. Political background of the respondents was compared with their self-identification on the left-right political scale. Correlation analysis helped highlight the significance of father’s influence, rather than mother’s, in the process of political socialization. It also showed an overall negative impact of parental political discussion on the formation of left-right orientation. ANOVA analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between socio-occupational status and political inclusion. This inclusion effect was more frequent among left-wing labourers and pensioners and right-wing entrepreneurs, tradesmen, students and apprentices. Not only social background but also age signalled significant differences in opinions. The youngest generation as a whole relates to the right wing of the political spectrum. At the same time, the generation of 60+ is inclined to the left of the centre. As a matter of fact, this group, more than other age groups, is interested in political events and is deeply involved in political discussions. The young generation manifests itself in both directions. Parents’ political socialization actions towards their children induced agreement with parental political orientation only to a lesser extent. The study also dealt with two influences, sometimes mutually supportive and other times competing, namely parental socialization influence, political and economic conditions. Attitudes to social and political situation differed between age groups. The influence of society- -level circumstances is more significant than that of parental political socialization. It was possible to observe political continuity between the generations of 60+, or even their parents, and the older middle generation aged 45-59. When there is mostly continuity between them and their children then discontinuity tends to arise between them and their parents. The distribution of political orientation reveals a dynamic field. Attitudes to changes in society vary between generations as well. During the shaping of political orientation, the influence of social and political conditions is more decisive than political action, no matter how good its intentions are. This confirms the concept of political socialization as a way in which individual socialization interacts with one’ssocial position due to various social factors.
EN
This article tackles what seems to be a revival of fragmentary fiction in English in the 21st century. It briefly traces the lineage of critical interest in the fragment from German Romanticism through Bertolt Brecht and Modernism to (postmodern) film studies, in an attempt to highlight not only the temporal, but also the spatial and visual dimension of discontinuity evinced by recent fragmentary fiction. Six novels published between 2005 and 2017 are discussed sequentially, in a manner redolent of cinematic movement: Tom McCarthy’s Remainder (2005), Anne Enright’s The Gathering (2007), Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing (2016), Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017), Ali Smith’s Autumn (2016), and George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo (2017). The formal fragmentariness of these novels is read in connection to their recurrent themes: trauma, loss, death, grief, exile, displacement, memory and violence. In the process, the opposition between fragmentariness on the one hand and realism on the other is challenged; the argument draws on William Burroughs, Tom McCarthy and Fernand Léger. Although they are fragmentary in very different ways, all of the novels under scrutiny are what one may term “mainstream” novels, most of them boasting large readerships and having either won or been shortlisted for literary prizes such as the Booker Prize, thus seemingly confirming Ted Gioia’s contention that “mainstream literary fiction is falling to pieces”.
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 1(28)
5-26
EN
  In this essay I intend to tell a story of media studies and mass communication research as a field, based on the work of the late Denis McQuail – and that of editing the new edition of his seminal handbook McQuail’s Media and Mass Communication Theory (McQuail & Deuze, 2020). Using McQuail’s historical storytelling method, I specifically look at the challenge for the field in the context of a global pandemic alongside an infodemic, at a time when the whole world faces the consequences of recurrent lockdowns, social distancing measures, and institutional pressures to stay at home. Media studies and (mass) communication research, while having a distinct narrative, as a field has only just begun to articulate its relevance to society – we have only just started to tell our story. Using developments in understanding the self as a research tool, the implementation of integrative research designs, and calls for engaged and public scholarship, the paper outlines challenges and opportunities for what we can do with our field.
EN
As a Wall Came Down… New Boundaries, New Narratives (Yugoslavism and Yugoslav Artistic Space, Discontinuity and Fragmentation in the Core Narrative of the Cultural Institutions in Transition-Period Serbia)The main aim of this overview is to trace the presence and importance of the Yugoslav narrative (dedicated to a common cultural and artistic space before, during and after Yugoslavia) as important for (re)creating and maintaining continuity and coherence in the core narrative as an internal structure of cultural institutions in Serbia, especially in the transition period (2000 – 2018). The emergence of the South Slavic unity idea at the territory of the Balkans, as we argue in the article, can be traced to a time long before the state of Yugoslavia was created as a concept. The fact that a common field (common ground) in the sense of cultural space existed long before the creation of Yugoslavia contains the assumption that common cultural ground and art space exist in the post-Yugoslav period as well. The concept of the common cultural space is also known as Yugoslav Artistic Space. The main goal of the article is to shape the conclusion that Yugoslav Artistic Space, considering its tradition, still exists despite the political changes after 1989, particularly during the ‘90s and the transition process, if not in another sense, than as a core narrative of the institutions (such as the Museum Of Contemporary Art in Belgrade, for example). It also delineates the thesis that marginalization of the Yugoslav legacy leads to discontinuity, fragmentation, and a status quo position in the transition process of Serbian cultural institutions. Kiedy mur upadł… Nowe granice, nowe narracje (Jugoslawizm i jugosłowiańska przestrzeń artystyczna, dyskontynuacja i fragmentaryzacja w głównym nurcie narracji instytucji kultury w Serbii w czasie przemiany)Celem artykułu jest prezentacja obecności i znaczenia jugoslawizmu i jugosłowiańskiej narracji, jak też fenomenu jugosłowiańskiej przestrzeni artystycznej (także po upadku Jugosławii), jako czynnika podtrzymującego kontynuację i jedność głównego nurtu narracji dotyczącego struktury instytucji kultury w Serbii w okresie przemiany (2000 – 2018). Kreacja jedności jugosłowiańskiej (południowosłowiańskiej) na terenie Bałkanów, jak będzie o tym [mowa] w tekście, ma swoje początki wiele lat przed powstaniem państwa jugosłowiańskiego. Fakt istnienia wspólnego pola w sensie kulturowym i kulturologicznym przed powstaniem Jugosławii daje nadzieję możliwości istnienia jednej kulturowej i artystycznej przestrzeni także w okresie post jugosłowiańskim, za sprawą znanego i niedawno zdefiniowanego terminu „jugosłowiańska przestrzeń artystyczna” Ješy Denegri (2011). W artykule jest położony akcent na jugosłowiańską przestrzeń artystyczną wraz z jej tradycją, która, pomimo zmian politycznych 1989 roku, a szczególnie lat 90-tych, trwa nadal w bardzo konkretny sposób, w głównym nurcie narracji instytucji kultury (czego przykładem jest Muzeum Sztuki Współczesnej w Belgradzie). [Autorka] eksponuje także twierdzenie [obecne w głównym nurcie narracji], że marginalizacja idei i tradycji juslawizmu prowadzi do zerwania kontynuacji i fragmentaryzacji, do przyjmowania pozycji status quo w procesie przemiany instytucji kultury w Serbii. Чим је Зид пао… Нове границе, нови наративи. (Југословенство и југословенски уметнички простор, дисконтинуитет и фрагментираност средишњег наратива институција културе у Србији, у периоду транзиције)Чланак представља осврт на присуство и важност југословенства и југословенског наратива, као и феномена југословенског уметничког простора (и после Југославије), у поновном успостављању и одржавању континуитета и јединства средишњег наратива као носећег, када је реч о унутрашњој структури институција културе у Србији, у периоду транзиције (2000 – 2018). Стварање јужнословенског јединства на територији Балкана, како ћемо навести у тексту, има своје почетке много пре прве концептуализације југословенске државе. Чињеница да је заједнички простор, у смислу културолошког и културног заједничког поља, постојао и пре стварања Југославије, наговештава могућност постојања јединственог културног и уметничког простора и у пост- југословенском периоду, познатим и дефинисаним управо термином југословенски уметнички простор, Јеше Денегрија (2011). У тексту се истиче да југословенски уметнички простор, узимајући у обзир његову традицију, опстаје упркос политичким променама 1989, нарочито ‘90тих година, све до данас – на конкретнији начин, или у средишњем наративу институција културе (Музеја савремене уметности у Београду, на пример). Такође, истакнута је тврдња да имаргинализација идеје југословенства и традиције југословенства, води у дисконтинуитет, фрагментацију, и status quo позицију у транзитивном процесу институција културе у Србији.
Vox Patrum
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2006
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vol. 49
399-404
PL
BRAK
EN
The paper deals with the central problem of Lessing’s Laocoön „Why does not marble Laocoön in his famous depiction scream?“ against division of our experience into scientific knowledge and art. First, Lessing’s original solution based on the constitutive differences between poetry and plastic arts is generalized leading to the difference between causal and intentional explanation. Second, the resulting discontinuity between science and art is presented as an instance of a more basic discontinuity between knowledge and its object to be overcome by a reflective account of knowledge as derived from the philosophy of Hegel.
PL
W związku z realizacją projektu ETiK, które miało miejsce na Uniwersytecie Humboldtów w Berlinie, opracowano Test Komeptencji Moralno-Etycznej Piętnastolatków (TKM-EP). Jego podstawą jest koncepcja, zgodnie z którą w kompetencji moralno-etycznej da się wyodrębnić trzy podkategorie: podstawową wiedzę etyczną, kompetencję sądzenia moralno-etycznego i zdolność projektowania działań w zakresie moralności. Dzięki przeprowadzonym badaniom empirycznym w każdej z wymienionych podkategorii wyróżniono od trzech do czterach poziomów. Planowane w Edynburgu badanie ETiK-International będzie miało na celu dalszą optymalizację TKM-EP. Dokona się to na dwa sposoby: po pierwsze, przy pomocy szkockiego planu nauczania (Curriculum for Excellence) zostaną zweryfikowane hipotezy zawarte w projekcie ETiK, po drugie zaś, do części empirycznej zostanie dodane studium jakościowe, które umożliwi określenie roli, jaką odgrywa doświadczanie nieciągłości występujące u uczniów podczas przechodzenia z jednego poziom kompetencji moralnej na kolejny. Pojęcie „nieciągłość” odnosi się do tych momentów doświadczania, w których nowa idea, inny punkt widzenia czy nieznany do tej pory przedmiot niejako stają przed uczącym się jako wyzwanie, na które początkowo nie ma on gotowej odpowiedzi i musi podjąć się jej poszukiwania. W prezentowanym artykule pierwszy rozdział przedstawia rolę, jaką odgrywa wychowanie etyczno-moralne w Wielkiej Brytanii, ze szczególnym jednak uwzględnieniem kontekstu szkockiego. Rozdział drugi zawiera analizę zbieżności zachodzących między pułapem osiągnięć w zakresie przedmiotu Religious and Moral Education (kształcenie religijne i moralne) wyznaczonym przez szkocki plan nauczania (Curriculum for Excellence) i oczekiwaniami ustalnonymi w berlińskim projekcie ETiK dla najwyższych poziomów kompetencji moralno-etycznej w każdym z jej zakresów. W kolejnym rozdziale omówiono autorski projekt studium jakościowego, które ma na celu wykorzystanie przy kreowaniu rozumowania moralno-etycznego uczniów doświadczenia nieciągłości wywołanego przez konfrontację z dylematycznymi sytuacjami moralnymi. W ostatnim rozdziale szczególna uwaga została zwrócona na możliwość wykorzystania wyników badań ilościowych i jakościowych, uzyskanych w badaniu ETiK-International do projektowaniu szkoleń i kursów dokształających dla nauczycieli religii i wychowania moralnego ze szkół podstawowych i średnich.
EN
The Project ETiK, which began at Humboldt University Berlin, created a test to differentiate students’ moral competency into three sub-areas of competency, ‘basic knowledge’, ‘judgment’ and ‘ability to create plans for action’ and also determines different levels of competency a person can have within these three subareas. ETiK-Edinburg plans to extend the ETiK-International competency test in two ways. It will use the current Scottish curriculum, Curriculum for Excellence, to test ETiK’s hypothesis and will add a qualitative study focused on understanding the role played by experiences of discontinuity in students’ thinking as they move from one level of competency to the next higher level. Discontinuity refers to the moments in experience when we are challenged by a new idea, perspective, or object that we do not immediately know how to respond to. In this chapter, I first provide some background on the role of ethical-moral education in the UK more broadly, and identify the unique role of ethical-moral education in Scotland. In the second section, I show the alignment between the specified criteria for the highest levels of ‘achievement’ in the subject area of ‘Religious and Moral Education’ in Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence, and the criteria for the highest levels of ‘competency’ in ETiK’s moral competency levels. In the final section, I discuss my design for a qualitative study, which will serve to help further our understanding of the role played by discontinuity in students’ thinking when they are responding to moral dilemmas. In the conclusion, I highlight how the results of the quantitative and qualitative studies will inform the design of a professional development course for primary and secondary ‘Religious and Moral Education’ teachers.
PL
Georges Perec uprawiał różne formy pisarstwa autobiograficznego. Pamiętam że jest zbiorem 480 zapisów, całość oznacza nieciągłość pamięci i autobiografii. Pisarska koncepcja Pereca znalazła potwierdzenie w jednym z późniejszych tekstów Lejeune’a, który napisał, że nie wierzy już w pojedynczą autobiografię, lecz w teksty autobiograficzne.
EN
Georges Perec’s works represent a various forms of autobiographical writings. I remember is a collection of 480 records, whole book proves a discontinuity of memory and autobiography. In one of his latest works Philippe Lejeune writes he just don’t believe in single autobiography, but in autobiographical texts.
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2017
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vol. 7
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issue 2
187-205
EN
The article postulates a narrative reading of Exodus 2:1–3:15 as a more appropriate one than a historical­critical reading focused on the composite origin and the literary evolution of the text. The text in the several well­thought episodes creates a narrative identity of Moses in its multi­faceted form. In his lifespan he has been subjected to the influence of three religions: Egyptian, Hebrew, and Midian. All of them are challenged in the call narrative (Ex 3:1­15). Searching for the meaning of a common desert bush on fire Moses is looking for a significance of his entire life. At the same time however he encounters God in a radically new form, adequate to his narrative identity. Thus the new identity of God and of Moses interweave with each other in one formula: I AM has sent me to you (Ex 3:14).
PL
Artykuł postuluje lekturę narracyjną Exodus 2,1-3,15 jako bardziej odpowiednią niż analiza historyczno-krytyczna, koncentrująca się na źródłach tekstu i ich literackich przekształceniach. Opowiadanie zawiera kilka eipzodów tworzących tożsamość narracyjną Mojżesza. W historii swego życia znajdował się pod wpływem trzech religii: egipskiej, hebrajskiej i madianickiej. Jednakże nie znalazł w nich odpowiedzi na kryzys tożsamości, z ktorym skonfrontował się dopiero w spotkaniu z Bogiem w krzewie ognistym. Poszukując sensu tego zjawiska musiał się zastanowić nad swoimi dramatycznami losami, przede wszystkim nad kondyncją uchodźcy. Wtedy narodził się zarys nowej relgii (monoteizmu), w której tożsamości Boga, Mojżesza i ludu, nierozerwalnie splecione ze sobą znalazły wyraz w jednej formule: Jestem posłał mnie do was (Ex 3,14).
EN
Parabola is the essence of the short film Two Men and a Wardrobe (and likewise Mammals and The Fat and the Lean). Parabola is dominant of the genre, not merely an occasional and distinguishing attribute. In its interior, we find traces of other genres. These include noir comedy, slapstick burlesque, existential drama, the thriller, and drama of the absurd, grotesque and macabre. The poetic dimension of Polanski’s short film, in which reality confronts and permeates the skilfully constructed and captivating fantasy presented by the artist, allowing all the elements of the genre to be combined into a common whole.
PL
Parabola is the essence of the short film Two Men and a Wardrobe (and likewise Mammals and The Fat and the Lean). Parabola is dominant of the genre, not merely an occasional and distinguishing attribute. In its interior, we find traces of other genres. These include noir comedy, slapstick burlesque, existential drama, the thriller, and drama of the absurd, grotesque and macabre. The poetic dimension of Polanski’s short film, in which reality confronts and permeates the skilfully constructed and captivating fantasy presented by the artist, allowing all the elements of the genre to be combined into a common whole.
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