The Author of this article departs from the assumption that the current public debate is filled with varied social, cultural and communicative phenomena. The paper offers a preliminary description of the field comprising advice, tips, recommendations, indications and guidebooks. Moreover, it looks at the possibilities (strategies) of interdisciplinary description of therapeutic discourse as well as associated speech genres.
PL
Autorka artykułu zakłada, że współczesną przestrzeń debaty publicznej zasiedlają zróżnicowane zjawiska społeczne, kulturowe i komunikacyjne. Dokonuje ona wstępnej charakterystyki obszaru, w którego centrum mieszczą się rady, porady, zalecenia, wskazówki i poradniki. Zastanawia się także nad możliwościami (strategiami) interdyscyplinarnego opisu dyskursu terapeutycznego oraz wiązanych z nim gatunków mowy.
The paper asks whether contrastive studies are conducted within the framework of French discourse analysis and attempts to find an answer to that question. First, the Author offers a brief overview of the origins of Polish textology and French discourse analysis, and explains the differences in how these two streams of linguistics approach comparative studies. While contrastive studies are not undertaken by French discourse analysts, recent years have seen attempts at comparing sociolinguistic behaviours using the criterion of occupation as well as cultural differences.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w ramach francuskiej analizy dyskursu prowadzone są badania kontrastywne. Autorka przypomina w skrócie genezę polskiej tekstologii i francuskiej analizy dyskursu, tłumacząc różnice w podejściu obu lingwistyk do badań porównawczych. Francuscy dyskursywiści nie prowadzą badań kontrastywnych; można jednak w ostatnich latach zauważyć tendencje do porównywania zachowań społeczno-językowych w aspekcie wykonywanych zawodów oraz ze względu na różnice międzykulturowe.
The aim of this article is to propose an analytical framework for the structure and euphemism’s concept in the press. Given the complexity of the euphemism structure, we restrict our focus to what we call the global vision of the phenomena. We present with theoretical instruments different points of view of the euphemism use which depends on the various public contexts. This pragmatic vision of using such instruments is reflected in the interlocutor’s relations. We are only able to analyze euphemisms when we realize the importance of its semantic dimension. Obviously, our approach to “press euphemisms” from a discourse analytic point of view is not independent of specific sociocultural accomplishment.
The aim of the article is to contribute to the existing literature on continuing bonds with a deceased relative by exploration of discursive dimensions of the bonds through which the survivors construct their relationship with the person who died. The data come from five interviews with family members who survived the suicidal death of their relative. We argue that a focus upon the form and content of the survivors’ stories offers a complicated and heterogeneous picture of ‘bonding actions’. And so, assuming a constructionist view of discourse, we show two kinds of bonds. First, it is a bond related to social expectations of bereaved families. Second, it is a personal bond, part of which is a bond with a reverse direction, established and maintained by the deceased person.
The article is an overview of the achievements of Polish stylistics and text studies in public discourse studies. In part one the author examines transformations of linguistic schools related to the evolution of discourse schools (from discourse analysis to critical discourse analysis), which occurred as a result of the borrowing of research concepts of the humanities and social sciences devoted to the analysis of language in social, media and political communication, as well as the impact of linguistics on the evolution of discourse analysis in these disciplines (e.g. sociology). In part two the author provides a synthesis of studies concerning Polish public discourse as well as an outline of the research field and a synthesis of research terminology.
The article is based on analysis of the main ways of presenting the idea of cooperative movement in Polish media discourse – in the mainstream periodicals – in years 2007–2012. The Author was tracking key motives of describing cooperative movement by editorial staffs and their chosen ways of assessing the idea of cooperative movement. The main sources of information are digital archives of major Polish newspapers and magazines. The Author supports the idea of high value of the cooperative movement and proposed recommendations indicate available ways of improving image of cooperative movement where it needs amends. The qualitative methods were used – first of all content analysis.
In the article the author examines the conceptualisation of the notion of power by the contemporary right in Poland. Its methodological basis is provided by studies of the image of the world constructed from a specific point of view integrated with a discourse analysis. In this approach power is seen as a linguistic construct, while various profiles reveal close links to socio-cultural determinants as well as ideological codes. Discursive strategies employed in this case take advantage of the bipolarity of the assessment of social phenomena with stereotypical value judgements, emotionalisation of utterances and dichotomous division of the world.
The study concentrates on the phenomenon of user-generated content on the internet. The article presents an introductory analysis of various rhetorical strategies used by the authors of commentaries on one of the popular user-contributory sites, i.e. www.iReport.com. The analysis of this site shows that there exists a range of diverse means of expression used by the enthusiasts of broadcasting online, involving the submission of written articles, live video commentaries, audio files and cartoons. The study shows that users shape the features of the content in different manners and resort to the use of a variety of rhetorical devices. To the main properties of discourse belong personalization, interactivity, use of figurative and vivid language.
The discursive objectivity is directly related to a high frequency of nominalizations, agentless passive sentences and, on the other hand, to a low frequency of personal pronouns or deictic and temporal marks. Obviously, its role depends on the type of specialized language. The analysis of a functional and manually annotated corpus confirms that this discursive feature is the most important in scientific texts and its role decreases in journalistic and narrative ones. The statistical data automatically extracted from the electronically annotated corpora confirms the trend. However, while the numerical differences between English and Spanish seem to be natural, the same differences between Polish and Spanish, despite many structural similarities, suggest that the higher or lower frequency of objectivity marks might also be motivated by any communicative or syntactic reasons. A more detailed analysis is required.
This study in discourse analysis and politolinguistics discusses the work-related migration within the European Union in 2005 and 2013/2014. The interest of this study is not only in the content matter of discourse focused on German newspapers, but specifically in distinctive figures of speech. At the center of interest is the metaphor of water and its source and target domains. This metaphor is characteristic of the German work-related migration discourse not only in the year 2005 after the eastern enlargement of the European Union in 2004, but we can also find it in 2013/2014 at the time when the Bulgarians and Romanians were allowed to offer free movement of services. The discourse analysis aims to identify keywords of this discourse, topic interlacings, patterns of argumentation and valuations connected with them. A specific kind of valuation results from a specific kind of contextualisation of metaphors and of their collocations in the German-speaking community.
This study explored the discourse generated by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners using synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) as an approach to help English language learners to create social interaction in the classroom. It investigated the impact of synchronous CMC mode on the quantity of total words, lexical range and discourse functions of EFL learners’ writing from different genders (males vs. females). Thirty-two intermediate EFL students discussed four topics in four CMC sessions. The findings revealed that gender played a major role in shaping the quantity of discourse (total words), lexical range (variety), and linguistic output (i.e., the quantity and type of discourse functions) that was generated using synchronous CMC mode. By and large, the female participants produced more words, complex lexical range and output discourse functions than males in the CMC setting. Moreover, the study showed that the participants produced discourse functions shaped by the particularities of local social arrangements. Users found opportunities in the virtual world of CMC which enabled them to blind their identities, so people in subordinate conditions, such as females in certain conservative societies, EFL learners, and shy students may find CMC useful for fostering their communicative competence.
Formula plombier polonais in the press discourse The object of this study, based on the theoretical framework of French Discourse Analysis, is the expression plombier polonais (Polish plumber) circulating in the press discourse since 2005. The aim of the paper is to describe this expression in regard to four properties of the formula proposed by Alice Krieg-Planque (2009). The subsequent sections of the study, are meant to (1) examine the stability of the form of the expression plombier polonais and compare it with the degree of fixation of similar expressions, (2) present that the formula plombier polonais results from language practice and not from the language system, (3) observe its nature as social referant and (4) analyze the polemical dimension of the expression plombier polonais.
This article proposes an analysis of metaphor as a mark of the daily discourse. It comprises three sections: the first represents a general presentation of the topic, the second focuses on the problem of literal and figurative meaning in translation, and the last part is dedicated to the metaphoric slang. The central premise of our work is the fact that metaphor is built according to the principle of the individual or collective imaginary, representing one of the manifestations of human experience. The figurative sense has a major role in deciding on the method that will be used for the translation of the metaphor. Also, slang is a sample of daily discourse, and its metaphorical implicatures may constitute a translation problem. The methods applied, contrastive analysis and case study, helped us emphasize the paradoxical features of metaphor in translation.
Up to so-called "migration crisis" a figure of immigrant-foreign comparatively rarely appeared in Polish press discourse. From 2015 the immigration problem became one of the most frequently raised issues in public debates. The discourse was polarized strongly, which was an indicator of the increasing political divisions. The aim of the article is to show how immigrants were represented in the most influential Polish press releases, how the rhetoric of fear was created, what argumentative strategies were applied in order to escalate the fear. Qualitative and quantitative research methods have been applied to the analysis of news articles and analytical tools offered by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA).
The aim of the article is to present a discourse analysis of the knowledge–based work description and HRM as developed by managers from the knowledge–intensive business services sector (KIBS). The transcriptions of qualitative interviews—individual in–depth interviews (IDI)—and a focus group interview (FGI) were used to achieve this goal. The performed discourse analysis is a subjective exemplification of knowledge–based work in companies where unique/innovative solutions for customers are created. The specificity of such work is described by the following attributes: high demand for creativity and complexity, cognitive overload, changeable work pace, mobility, application of numerous IT tools, a diversified pattern of requirements and resources, and the input of individuals into the final solution that is difficult to estimate.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja analizy dyskursu w odniesieniu do pracy opartej na wiedzy i ZZL tworzonej przez menedżerów z sektora KIBS (knowledge–intensive business services sector). Aby osiągnąć ten cel, wykorzystano transkrypcje wywiadów jakościowych (indywidualny wywiad pogłębiony IDI i zogniskowany wywiad grupowy. Przeprowadzona analiza dyskursu stanowi subiektywną egzemplifikację pracy opartej na wiedzy w firmach, gdzie tworzone są unikatowe/innowacyjne rozwiązania dla klientów. Jej specyfike opisują następujące atrybuty: wysoki wymóg kreatywności i złożoność, przeciążenia kognitywne, zmienne tempo pracy, mobilność, korzystanie z dużej ilości narzędzi IT, zróżnicowany wzór wymagań i zasobów oraz trudny do oceny wkład poszczególnych osób w ostateczne rozwiązanie.
Debates about the democratic legitimacy of the European Union (EU) have been prevalent amongst scholars since its beginning. Students have analysed the legitimacy of the EU in terms of various normative criteria. But how is the EU legitimated in individual Member States and more so in an economic and sovereignty crisis when loyalties are particularly tested? The current study sheds light on it, scrutinising the conceptions associated with the EU in a country case of Estonia. Discourse analysis is used as a methodological tool to analyse the political discourse in printed media. The results indicate that the legitimation of the EU is derived from its output-oriented strategies, seeing the EU largely in instrumental terms.
The research deals with the relationship of linguistic stylistics and discourse analysis and indicates the possibilities of the connectedness and mutual enrichment of both disciplines. The subject of analysis is a text which we understand as a joint startingpoint object of analyses and, at the same time, also as a mean testifying the affinity of both disciplines. We relate the stylistic understanding of the notion of text as a linguistic-thematic structure with a more recent definition of the term discourse within which in the foreground is the social aspect of language and the text functions as a constituent by means of which we penetrate into the purport of the functioning of humans in social interactions with regard to the extra-linguistic factors participating in the social event. On the basis of topical publicistic texts we illustrate the application of the stylistic and discourse-analytical tools within observing the phenomenon of intertextuality (or interdiscoursivity) entailing the mixing of the means of expression, the crossing of the content-and-composition-related strategies in connection with the hybridization of the value identity of the text (the sophisticated with ordinary, the serious with tabloid) and of the genre models with regard to the meaning of these procedures in grasping the reality.
The starting point o f this contribution is the assumption that there is an overall uncertainty about the use o f the term discourse in various disciplines. The author presents different ways of understanding discourse in philosophy (primarily by Habermas and Foucault). The core part of the paper discusses the heterogeneous linguistic concepts of discourse, starting from the idea o f discourse as a simple conversation through Critical DiscourseAnalysis and institutionalised interai rons up to textology-based concept of discourse. Particular attention is devoted to the use o f the notion o f discourse in sociology (and its related disciplines such as historiography, political science and media stuaies). When describing the concepts o f discourse in various disciplines the author draws attention to the vaned methods o f discourse analysis applied there, including the universal model byWamke/Spitzmiiller. The finał section identifies and critically discusses problem areas in discourse studies. The paper also postulates that the current the fascination with Foucault should be abandoned wlien circumscribing the scope of discourse studies in favour of strwing for pragmatic and communicative adeąuacy.
The European discourse is not only a powerful idea at the structural societal level, it is also pragmatically used, re‑produced and transformed through the everyday actions of people with specific biographies.1 In this paper, I would like to address the question how Europeanness – i.e. relating to Europe and/or being European – develops during one’s life course. I propose a qualitative sociological approach and the methodology of discourse research2 and biographical analysis. 3 The empirical cases to be discussed are social actors who perceive themselves to be civil society activists. As such, they are actively involved in the public arena, thereby contributing to the development of public and media discourses. They talk about Europe from the perspective of specific biographies that have to be reconstructed if we are to understand the genesis of their Europeanness. In analysing the biographies of civil society activists in post‑socialist Poland, two ideal types could be reconstructed that apply to both the activity and the Europeanness: a) a pragmatic, skill and qualification‑related type and b) an idealistic, empowerment and emancipation‑related type. In order to discuss these two types, I shall first outline the methodology applied and the empirical material. I will then focus on the narratives, using the framework of biographical and discourse analysis in the sociology of knowledge tradition. My conclusion summarises the biographical development of Europeanness of Polish civil society activists.
This paper deals with the representation of ethnic minorities in the media, focusing mainly on the role of the journalist. It approaches news stories through the prism of the media construction of reality and the cultural concept of representation. Using critical discourse analysis, the study describes the nature of the social reality constructed by the TV news series “Where Others Fear to Tread.” The paper reflects the general attributes of the representation of the Roma minority in the news, pointing out methods and signs used for emphasizing the stereotypes shared by the majority. The analysis shows that the media discourse of news stories could potentially confirm prejudices towards the Roma minority, forming the image of Roma people as essentially maladjusted, dangerous and suspicious individuals.
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