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EN
On the initiative of the Department for Studies on the Origins of the Polish State established in 1949 extensive archaeological excavations were undertaken throughout the country. Sandomierz with the whole its region was an important spot on the map of these research. Both historical places of worship and early urban centres dating back to the beginnings of the Polish State are located in the area. In the case of Sandomierz there are also written sources that prove the centre’s exceptional significance at the dawn of the State of the First Piasts. It is not surprising that the expectations of both historians and archaeologists towards excavations conducted in the town area and the entire region were high from the very beginning. In the paper the most significant results of archaeological research that took place in the Sandomierz region in the years 1958-1968 were discussed.
EN
“Nowe Ateny” (The New Athens), written by a Polish priest Be-nedykt Joachim Chmielowski (1700-1763), was the first Polish-language encyclope-dia. It was published in 1745-1746, and the second edition was supplemented between 1754 and 1764. Benedykt Chmielowski, on the basis of the available sources of the time, gathered information from various domains of knowledge. My article intends to shine a light on the extensive image of America presented by Father Chmielowski, whose book served to arouse the interest and curiosity of the Polish readers in the 18th century, for whom “Nowe Ateny” constituted, till the Enlightenment, the unique source of knowledge about the New World.
ES
La intención del artículo es presentar la imagen del Nuevo Mundo en la edición príncipe de “Nuevas Atenas” (1745-1746). El punto clave será la pre-gunta ¿qué opina del Nuevo Mundo, especialmente, de la región que se llamará un si-glo después América Latina, el cura polaco? No cabe duda, de que “Nuevas Atenas” pertenece a una de las obras enciclopédicas más divulgadas y leídas en la Polonia de la época de Sajonia; es un verdadero pozo de sabiduría para la nobleza provinciana polaca, que reemplazaba o complementaba el saber escolar. Por consiguiente, “Nue-vas Atenas” llena una laguna en la conciencia de amplios sectores de los lectores po-lacos, para quienes América constituía hasta entonces una terra incognita.
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2015
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vol. 9
|
issue 2
101-115
EN
Sannikov Land was one of the greatest myths of the Russian Arctic. Supposedly seen for the first time in the 13th century, it fascinated and attracted attention and the conviction of its existence translated into the organisation of expeditions. The biggest undertaking of this kind was the Eduard Toll’s expedition. It finished tragically for the explorer and did not clarify the doubts regarding the Sannikov Land. Only the systematic cartographic activity carried out by the Soviets, supported once by the expedition of a German zeppelin, made them disappear. Despite the fact that the Sannikov Land does not exist in the real geographical space it has a permanent place in the mass culture through books, films and computer games.
PL
Ziemia Sannikowa była jednym z największych mitów rosyjskiej Arktyki. Ujrzana jakoby po raz pierwszy w wieku XVIII, przez kilkaset lat fascynowała, przyciągała uwagę, a przeświadczenie o jej istnieniu przekładało się na organizowanie odkrywczych wypraw. Zakrojonym na największą skalę przedsięwzięciem tego rodzaju była wyprawa Eduarda Tolla. Zakończyła się ona tragicznie dla tego badacza, choć wątpliwości dotyczących Ziemii Sannikowa nie rozstrzygnęła. Te przestały istnieć dopiero w wyniku systematycznej działalności kartograficznej prowadzonej wysiłkiem sowieckim, jednorazowo wspartej ekspedycją niemieckiego sterowca. Mimo że w rzeczywistej przestrzeni geograficznej Ziemia Sannikowa nie istnieje, zdobyła sobie ona trwałe miejsce w kulturze masowej za sprawą książek, filmu i gier komputerowych.
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