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EN
This paper contains an analysis of neoclassical theories of discrimination, that are based on the assumption of non-competitive labour markets. These theories are presented within the mathematical framework, used in original works of their respective authors. Each theory has been subjected to a brief analysis. The author also assessed factors that could be determined as discriminatory and has examined their actual impact on the phenomenon of discrimination against women on the labour market.
PL
Motherhood, in addition to satisfaction or personal fulfillment, is also burdened with negative consequences. In the economic sphere, it entails not only expenses for children in terms of money and time, but also lost opportunities as well as the costs related to the labor market. These costs can be divided into three types: a) before entering the labor market, b) during the employment period, c) in the retirement age. The main aim of the present article is to consider the costs of motherhood for women in Poland in the economic dimension. With this in mind, the article analyses relevant legal provisions and statistical data related to the labor market, indicating that regulations concerning women may worsen their situation, increasing the amount of the losses incurred.
PL
Praca koncentruje się na badaniu bezrobocia kobiet na tle ogólnych uwarunkowań, stanu i efektów bezrobocia w województwie mazowieckim i w Polsce. Założono hipotezy, iż kobiety mimo dobrego wykształcenia mają większe problemy niż mężczyźni ze znalezieniem i utrzymaniem miejsca pracy, czego głównym powodem są pełnione przez kobiety funkcje społeczne oraz stereotypy dotyczące pracy kobiet. Analiza danych statystycznych i własne badania sondażowe potwierdziły duże zróżnicowanie rynku pracy na terenie województwa i silny pozytywny wpływ miasta Warszawy na regionalny rynek pracy kobiet. Bezrobocie kobiet na terenie województwa kształtuje się na podobnym poziomie jak bezrobocie mężczyzn. Pozytywne zjawiska jakie mają miejsce na rynku pracy kobiet są efektem stosowania aktywnych form polityki rynku pracy finansowanych z funduszy europejskich.
EN
The paper focuses on the study of female unemployment against the overall conditions, state and the effects of unemployment in Mazowieckie Voivodeship and in Poland. Hypothesis assumed indicate that women, despite a good education, have greater problems than men in finding and keeping jobs, which mainly results from the social functions performed by women and the stereotypes about women and their work. Analysis of statistical data and author’s own research confirmed the diversity of the labor market in the region and a strong positive impact of the city of Warsaw on the regional labor market in case of women. Unemployment among women in the region is at a similar level to male unemployment. Positive developments that are taking place in the labor market for women are the result of the use of active labor market policies financed with European funds.
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PL
Zasadniczym celem opracowania jest pogłębienie wiedzy dotyczącej problematyki rynku pracy kobiet i próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy w dalszym ciągu płeć jest determinantą bezrobocia, a promowana równość płci ma miejsce? Korzystając z danych GUS, w artykule dokonano analizy literatury dotyczącej kobiet na rynku pracy i przemian aktywności zawodowej kobiet w Polsce, przedstawiono również wskaźniki dotyczące realizacji Milenijnych Celów Rozwoju Polski dotyczących równości płci na rynku pracy. Potrzebę analizy sytuacji kobiet na polskim rynku pracy zaliczyć należy do problemów bardzo istotnych.
EN
The main objective of this paper is to deepen knowledge on labour market issues of women and attempt to answer the question: is still gender is a determinant of unemployment and promoted gender equality is taking place? This article focuses on analysis literature on women in the labour market and on changes in professional activity of women in Poland over the last 15 years, also shows indicators for the Millennium Development Goals Polish gender equality in the labour market (article is based on available GUS statistics). The need to analyze the situation of women in the Polish market include part of the problem very important.
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