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EN
The article presents the analysis of FRP composite materials strengthening systems for pre-stressed bridge structure elements. Displacements and strains of main beams of bridges were investigated before and after the strengthening executed by FRP composite materials. Test load field and theoretical analysis were performed after bridge structure repair. The results of bridge structures after strengthening in field load tests allowed for an assessment of the efficiency of the strengthening, as well as establishment of guidelines for future reference concerning this type of maintenance in the engineering practice.
Studia Hercynia
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2021
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vol. 25
|
issue 1
9-33
EN
Thanks to a recent monographic study by Chiara Matarese we are now able to understand more clearly both the reasons and the goals of a phenomenon, that of the so-called ‘deportations’ characteristic of the Achaemenid empire. In addition, considerable attention has been devoted in recent years to the ways in which classical authors perceived events such as the dissolution of a community against the backdrop of, for example, military defeats. All this makes possible an analysis of a Herodotus’ passage (IV, 204) which has so far received less consideration than it deserves. On the basis of these premises, two purposes will be pursued in the following pages. First, I aim to show that a study of the fate – as recounted by Herodotus – of a small community of Greeks settled in Libya against the backdrop of the mobility characteristic of the Achaemenid world substantiates the hypothesis that Central Asia (and Bactria in particular) was far less alien to the mental horizon – and in some cases to individual and group experience – than the representation of this region of the empire as a remote periphery at the edge of the world has long suggested. Secondly, a direct consequence of this hypothesis is that, if indeed the presence of a Greek diaspora in Central Asia was less sporadic than usually admitted, the process of (ethno)genesis of the first community of Graeco-Bactrians needs to be reconsidered in the light of a socio-cultural complexity that historiography tends to consider a feature of Hellenistic Bactrian history, whereas the passage from Herodotus’ Histories discussed in these pages suggests that there is an entire prehistory of this phenomenon yet to be explored.
EN
The author, starting with Umberto Eco’s thesis on libraries that hide and allow to find meanings, analyses the meaning of library space and works it contains in the novel Adelheid by a Czech writer Vladimír Körner (1967). She assumes that they can be read both at the level of the textual world analysis and used to interpret the behaviour of the protagonists and their relationship, as well as at the non-textual level, as riddles hidden by the author for readers to solve.
PL
Po Wielkim Głodzie, w wyniku którego zmarło co najmniej 3,5 mln osób, bolszewicy stanęli przed problemem braku odpowiedniej liczby ludzi do pracy na roli. Postanowiono wobec tego na tereny najbardziej wyludnione z powodu głodu sprowadzić chłopów z Rosji i Białorusi oraz przesiedlić rolników z mniej dotkniętych głodem regionów Ukrainy. Akcja nie zakończyła się sukcesem, bowiem większość chłopów sprowadzonych na opustoszałe tereny wróciła z powrotem. After the Great Famine in Ukraine that killed at least 3.5 million people, the Bolsheviks faced a problem of a lack of resources and people to work on the land. Thus, a decision was made to bring to the most depopulated areas peasants from Russia and Belarus, as well as some farmers from other regions of Ukraine, less affected by the famine. The action did not succeed, as a majority of peasants who were brought to Ukrainian lands devastated by the Holodomor went back to their homes.
EN
The thread brought up in this article concerns the way how the local people see the displacements and the displaced settlers. It is an aspect of the research theme “The Memory of Displacements after World War II in the Settlers’ Families in the Area of Greater Poland”. The research is aimed at recording the present-day perception of displacements from the Eastern Borderland to Greater Poland that took place after World War II. Two groups of inhabitants are examined—displaced persons and local people—in a few selected Greater Polish villages (Broniszewice, Józefów, Nowa Kaźmierka, Walkowice, Biała, Radolin, Drachowo, Potrzymowo). Greater Poland as the settlement goal for the displaced persons from the Eastern Borderland is nothing of an obvious area. Customarily, historically, geographically, and socially the displacements are associated with territories west- and northwards of the historical Greater Poland area (a small area on the right bank of the Noteć River is an exception here). These were called the Recovered Territories or Western and Northern Territories, meaning lands which till 1939 had been a part of Germany. The move of the borders of Poland westwards in 1945 resulted in two phenomena: Poles, from the territories lost in the East, were directed to the regained lands in the West and North. According to the then authorities’ intentions, the settlement of Polish people was to justify Poland’s right to possess these areas. The analysis of the community from a given village is aimed at depicting the way these communities see one another. e in3uence on the following coexistence and changes has been taken into consideration as well. Has this neighbourhood of more than half a century evened out, if ever, perceiving the origins of the interviewed people and others? As regards the displacements, the focus of the authoress is on the process of adaptation to a new social, cultural, and economic environment, through which the local people saw new settlers. e considerations are based on the 4eld research conducted in the aforementioned villages between 2009–2012. e research group of locals numbered 51 persons. The oldest informer was born in 1919, whilst the youngest one in 1976. In the group of people born between 1919 and 1944, thirty interviews were carried out. Eighteen interviews occurred in the group of people between 1945 and 1969 and there were three talks with persons born after 1970. The term “locals” is treated narrowly in this case. It denotes people whose origin is of no doubt: they were born in the examined village or in the nearest vicinities.
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