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Human Affairs
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2015
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vol. 26
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issue 1
26-33
EN
In this paper I examine which is the most appropriate moral theory for dealing with disaster bioethics contexts. It is pointed out that, contrary to what is usually believed, moral theories of right action cannot actually guide us in such difficult situations. Instead, it is claimed that a virtue ethics theory of an Aristotelian version, which gives emphasis not only on the virtuous person but also on the relevant developmental process of becoming virtuous, can provide us with the right theoretical framework for coping with the problems which the victims of such disastrous situations face.
EN
Objectives Due to structural and toxicological similarities to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2015. Hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) is considered to be one of the most toxic congeners of PCNs. The objective of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal tissue concentrations of hexachloronaphthalene after a single administration. Material and Methods Pregnant female Outbred Wistar rats were used for the study. The [¹⁴C]-HxCN was administered in a single oral dose of 0.3 mg/rat (150 kBq/rat) on gestational day 17 (GD17), GD18 or GD19. All dams were sacrificed on GD20. The blood and selected tissue samples taken from mothers and fetuses 24 h, 48 h or 72 h after exposure were evaluated for the distribution of HxCN. Results Maximum concentrations of HxCN in pregnant rats were found in the liver and adipose tissue. Relatively high levels of HxCN were also reported in the spleen, ovaries, adrenal glands and uterus, as well as in the sciatic nerve, brain and kidneys. Hexachloronaphthalene penetrates through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as evidenced by twice the concentration in the brain compared to the blood concentration, and through the placental barrier, as indicated by the level of maternal-fetal compartment (placenta, amniotic fluid, litter). Among the examined fetal tissues, the highest levels of HxCN were found in the kidneys and in the brain. The concentrations in these organs were higher than that found in the maternal blood. Conclusions This paper is the first to detail the concentrations of HxCN in the maternal tissues and the transplacental transfer of the tested compound to the fetuses. The exposure of pregnant rats to HxCN results in its accumulation in the maternal liver, fat tissue, reproductive and nervous system, and particularly in the fetal brain. This demonstrates both the effective absorption and significant systemic accumulation which could lead to negative health implications. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(5):685–695
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St. Thomas Aquinas, Dramatist?

72%
Studia Gilsoniana
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 1
109-133
EN
The article begins with the statement that there is one aspect of St Thomas’s work that has not received due scrutiny as a literary form, one with solid dramatic qualities and structure: the Article. The Article is as Thomistic as the syllogism is Aristotelian. This particular mode of argument was evidently original with St. Thomas: he did not derive it from the work of any other writer, yet its inner movement is of the essence of dialectic, from the opening proposition to opposing objections, then “to the contrary” position as found in orthodoxy, and then the writer’s resolution, and so on. It is a variation on the classic sic-et-non, a reasonable, balanced to and fro of the sort beloved by disputants. No parallel or even parody of this Article is to be found in any known literature before or since the thirteenth century. The author aims to show that part of the sheer power of the Article resides in the fact that it has two levels of operation. The surface is composed of the dialectical to-and-fro adumbrated above. But under that surface lies a rhetorical structure constructed along the lines of the five divisions of the rhetorical logos as laid out by Cicero and Horace.
EN
In the paper Gernot Böhme considers the spatial aspects of the perception of sound, especially the human voice, which he sees not as a verbal bearer of meaning but the expression of “the speaker’s atmospheric presence.” The voice lends the communication space emotional colour and the atmospheres it creates envelop the communication partners by way of resonance. The author sets the signatures concept propounded by the Renaissance philosopher Jacob Böhme against semiotic theories: understanding music is not interpretation but resonance. Gernot Böhme also focuses on contemporary experimental music, where musical instruments are not treated as tools for the production of musical sounds but bodies “provoked” (by hitting, scraping, etc.) to generate specific sounds in the acoustic space.
EN
The purpose of this article is to enunciate the history of the organs in the church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Tarnów – Grabówka. This church, which was being built from 1935 till 1939 and from 1945 till 1952, despite of its short history, had been a place for two instruments and now the third one is being built. The author of this article, basing on the available archives and oral reports, wrote the short history of all three instruments, showing their specification: disposition, technical information, etc.
EN
This paper has been constructed on the basis of a dialogue between J.M. Łukasiewicz and M. Antas. In its first part the authors explain the notion of behaviour that satisfies a creditor’s interest which deserves legal protection and its relation to the notion of behaviour consistent with the content of an obligation, on the example of provisions concerning the valorisation of a service. They point out the inconsistency of the notions of due service and undue service under Article 410 of the Polish Civil Code. They also argue that every service leads to a benefit. Their discussion is concluded by an open question: to which category should the execution of a service be attributed – factual actions or legal actions?
EN
In the event of entering into a binding agreement requiring transfer of ownership of property in international transactions it is necessary to establish law applicable to such an agreement. Parties to this agreement can submit it to a selected law. Only if the law is not selected, this agreement is subject to the law of the place where the property is located. However, the governing law is established separately for the type of this agreement and for the capacity of the parties to enter into the agreement. The law of goods (the laws of the place where the property is located) decides on whether the binding agreement requiring transfer of ownership of property results in disposition. Pursuant to Art. 25 section 2 of Private International Law to evoke this disposition it is necessary for the agreement to be entered into in a way that is in accordance with the law applicable to the place where the property is located. If this requirement is not fulfilled, the agreement will only result in obligation. In the event of entering into the agreement with participation of a proxy evoking disposition does not depend on assuring a form for the power of attorney required by the law where the property is located. It is enough for the power of attorney to be given in a way applicable to the place where this action is performed.
EN
The article presents the reflections of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1595–1640, Polish Jesuit, Latin poet) on the poetry and the rhetoric of his two treatises: Characteres lyrici and De figuris sententiarum. The comments are focused on the very interesting aspects in the poetry: the compatibility of all elements, the subsection of the emotional expression to the thinking process of the author (the poet) and the cognitive and ethical role of the poetry (the poet being the creator and observer of the world, the philosopher, the teacher, the artist and the theorist). Sarbiewski also comments on the issue of balance between the subject of the poet and the subject of the receiver, the reader once the poetry is simultaneously creative and honest.
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