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The EYE – the Look at the Present (of that time): 37 hours of documentary film reflection of new Czech state society

100%
Štoll M.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2018
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vol. 28
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issue 3
209 - 221
EN
Between 4th April 1992 and 17th December 1996, Czech Television presented 112 parts of the documentary series called The EYE – a Look at the Present-Day. It was made by the then newly established FEBIO production company owned by Fero Fenič. This project was the first systematic activity after 1989 to map the situation of the transforming Czech society and to catch its ongoing state, using audio-visual means. If each of the part was 20 minutes long, the total series amounted to 2 240 minutes, i.e. more than 37 hours of a pure author´s reflexion of the then social phenomena; it is not only a “bank” including the phenomena themselves, but even possible approaches to them. The study verifies whether and by which means the series reached the level of complexity in the thematic realm, and which dimension the author´s creative approaches and selected processes of expression brought to this unit, which is part of archive materials today. The author researches that part using a new concept of “key situation”, which help define the “form of authorship” that is essential for the impression of the theme.
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Vznik a zánik Československa na pozadí zásady sebeurčení národů

80%
Malenovský J.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
|
2018
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vol. 157
|
issue 10
788-798
EN
The Czechoslovak Republic was established on the basis of the then existent international political principle of self-determination of nations, applied to it by the Allies in the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty. That principle became generally binding in international law by its integration in Article 1.2 of the Charter of the United Nations. The legal content of this principle is nonetheless unclear and imprecise. It does not define the term nation; it does not ensure full equality between nations claiming self-determination; and it lacks precision in terms of how the right of self-determination is to be implemented. In the beginning of 1990s, the nations of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic made use of the second opportunity for their self-determination. However, in contrast to the Czechoslovak law, international law was actually not relevant to solve such a situation. In an unclear constitutional situation, the path chosen was one of political negotiations led not within, but parallel to the constitution, which respected the equality of participating nations, and which resulted in a constitutional law on the dissolution of the State. However, legal doubts arise not only with regard to the fact that the Constitutional Court of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic was given no opportunity for clarifying whether the constitutional order allowed for taking such a path, but also with regard to the fact that the people, being the original constituent power, were given no say in a referendum on the second opportunity for self-determination.
CS
ČSR se konstituovala na základě tehdejší mezinárodněpolitické zásady sebeurčení národů, kterou na ni spojenci aplikovali v mírové Saint-germainské smlouvě. Tato zásada se stala všeobecně závaznou svým vyhlášením v čl. 1 [2] Charty OSN. Její právní obsah je ale nejistý a málo určitý. Nedefinuje jednotně pojem národa, nezajišťuje zcela rovnost mezi národy nárokujícími sebeurčení a neupřesňuje dostatečně náležitosti realizace práva na sebeurčení. Národy ČSFR využily počátkem 90. let 20. století druhou příležitost k sebeurčení. Mezinárodní právo se v těchto souvislostech neuplatnilo, na rozdíl od práva československého. V nejasné ústavní situaci byla zvolena mimoústavní cesta politických negociací, které respektovaly rovnost zúčastněných národů a které vyústily v ústavní zákon o zániku státu. Právní pochybnosti nicméně budí skutečnost, že Ústavní soud ČSFR nedostal příležitost k výkladu, zda to ústavní řád připouští, a okolnost, že lid coby originární ústavodárce nebyl v otázce druhé příležitosti k sebeurčení dotázán v plebiscitu.
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