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1
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Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives in English

100%
Rojczyk A., Porzuczek A., Bergier M.
Research in Language
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
3-18
EN
The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect
2
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Content available

Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives In English

100%
Rojczyk A., Porzuczek A., Bergier M.
Research in Language
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
3-18
EN
The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect
3
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Distracted Aesthetics: Towards a Hermeneutics of Engagement with Distractive Works of Art

88%
Harmon J. L.
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
|
2023
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
36-51
EN
Western aesthetics has privileged contemplation as a necessary condition for authentic aesthetic experience. In contrast, I argue that the adequacy of aesthetic comportment must be measured by the self-presentation of the object in question, shaped by the place from which such presentations issue. Thus, the specific character of many forms of art, particularly in urban contexts, solicits a kind of “distracted” engagement rather than contemplative attention. Distraction is a positive mode of aesthetic engagement. I begin with a critical account of the formalist theories of Kant and Bell as examples of this privileging of contemplative hermeneutics. I then consider Walter Benjamin’s theory of mimesis as a basis for a more fruitful account of aesthetic form, of which certain “distractive” artworks serve as examples. Distraction is an appropriate response to certain presentations, in the face of which absorption would be a kind of aesthetic failure.
4
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Attention for Distraction: Modernity, Modernism and Perception

88%
van Alphen E.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
|
2017
|
issue 7
87-97
EN
Particularly in the latter half of the nineteenth century sensorial experiences changed at breakneck speed. Social and technological developments of modernity like the industrial revolution, rapid urban expansion, the advance of capitalism and the invention of new technologies transformed the field of the senses. Instead of attentiveness, distraction became prevalent. It is not only Baudelaire who addressed these transformations in his poems, but they can also be recognized in the works of novelist Gustave Flaubert and painter Edward Munch. By means of the work of William James, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer and Georg Simmel, the repercussions of this crisis of the senses for subjectivity will be discussed.
5
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Attention for Distraction: Modernity, Modernism and Perception

88%
van Alphen E.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
|
2017
|
issue 7
87-97
EN
Particularly in the latter half of the nineteenth century sensorial experiences changed at breakneck speed. Social and technological developments of modernity like the industrial revolution, rapid urban expansion, the advance of capitalism and the invention of new technologies transformed the field of the senses. Instead of attentiveness, distraction became prevalent. It is not only Baudelaire who addressed these transformations in his poems, but they can also be recognized in the works of novelist Gustave Flaubert and painter Edward Munch. By means of the work of William James, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer and Georg Simmel, the repercussions of this crisis of the senses for subjectivity will be discussed.
6
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The Role of Attention in Teacher Education: A Factor in the Quality of European Schooling

51%
Komorowska H.
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
|
2021
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
33-50
DE
Der Artikel präsentiert Überlegungen zu den Ursachen für Missverhältnis zwischen dem durch europäische Einrichtungen im Bildungsbereich geleisteten Aufwand und der an Umsetzung von Programmzielen gemessenen Qualität einzelner Bildungssysteme. In Anbetracht dessen, dass sich die beunruhigenden Bildungstrends hauptsächlich auf dem Niveau der Schulklasse bemerken lassen, scheint es relevant zu sein, dass man in erster Linie die psychologischen und nicht die organisatorischen Faktoren unter die Lupe nimmt. Im Artikel wird die These gestellt, dass man auf der Suche nach Gründen für Misserfolge das Phänomen der Aufmerksamkeit analysieren sollte, während bisher die Motivation im Fokus des Interesses stand. Es wurden daher die Typen und Aspekte der Aufmerksamkeit, die Tendenzen zu deren Umlenkung, sowie die Techniken zur Gewinnung und Aufrechterhaltung von Schüleraufmerksamkeit erläutert, um deren Ablenkung entgegenzuwirken. Darüber hinaus wurde die Frage der Ausrichtung von Lehreraufmerksamkeit angesprochen. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden die Forderungen an Lehrprogramme und die Fort- bzw. Weiterbildung der Lehrer formuliert, die man um solche verbalen und nonverbalen Förderungsstrategien für Anziehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Schüleraufmerksamkeit erweitern sollte, die mit keiner Notwendigkeit, das vorher entwickelte Unterrichtsszenario zu modifizieren, zusammenhängen würden.
EN
The text is an article of reflection aiming to examine causes of disproportions between the amount of effort undertaken by leading international institutions in the field of education and the quality of European school systems measured by the attainment of curricular goals. As worrying trends have been observed mainly at the classroom level, psychological rather than organizational factors need to be examined. It is hypothesized that current didactic problems should be explained by attention rather than motivation deficits. The paper, therefore, analyzes various types and aspects of attention, tendencies to misdirect it as well as ways of building and maintaining attention in order to counteract distraction, boredom and overstimulation of both teachers and learners. Suggestions are also formulated for pre- and in-service teacher education programs which are postulated to give more emphasis to the role of attention as well as to provide a toolkit of verbal and non-verbal strategies which may help language teachers to elicit and sustain learners’ attention without departing from the lesson scenario.
7
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Wpływ wirtualnej rzeczywistości na poziom dystrakcji od bodźców bólowych

38%
Szarpak J., Bidzińska J.
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
|
2020
|
issue 10
115-122
EN
Aim of the study: Testing the effectiveness of three pain stimuli distraction types based on the use of virtual reality. Materials and Methods: 16 students aged 20-32 were, using virtual reality goggles, exposed to the stimulating distraction condition – a rollercoaster ride, relaxing distraction condition – a walk through the forest or control condition -  a black screen was displayed. The pain was induced by submerging one’s arm in freezing water. The measures of the distraction effectiveness were: the time for which the participant could withstand the pain stimulus and a VAS scale, on which participants rated the level of pain they felt. At the end, the measurments were compared to the results of the PTS temperament survey. Results: Participants withstood the pain stimulus significantly longer in the distraction condition than in the control condition; however, no significant differences were found between the stimulating and the relaxing condition. None of the conditions had any influence on the reported level of pain. Women withstood the pain stimuli significantly longer than men in both the stimulating and the relaxing condition and reported a lower level of pain in the stimulating condition than men. A significant, positive correlation between PTS’ Strength of Inhibition subscale result and the time of withstanding the pain stimulus was found in all three conditions of the experiment. Outcome: Evidence of the influence of virtual reality-based distraction on extending the pain stimulus suppression time has been provided. However, no differences in distraction effectiveness between the stimulating and relaxing condition have been observed.
PL
Cel badań  Badanie skuteczności rodzaju dystrakcji od bodźców bólowych polegającej na wykorzystaniu wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Materiały i metody. 16 studentów w wieku 20-32 lat wprowadzanych było za pomocą gogli wirtualnej rzeczywistości w warunek dystrakcji pobudzającej - jazda rollercoasterem, relaksującej- spacer przez las, oraz w warunek kontrolny – wyświetlane było czarne tło. Ból wywoływany był poprzez zanurzenie ręki w zimnej wodzie. Skuteczność dystrakcji  mierzona była za pomocą deklarowanego poziomu odczuwanego bólu, zaznaczonego na skali VAS, oraz czasu, przez który badany wytrzymywał działanie bodźca bólowego. Na koniec wyniki porównano z testem temperamentu PTS. Rezultaty. Badani istotnie dłużej znosili działanie bodźca bólowego w warunkach dystrakcji, niż w warunku kontrolnym; lecz nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy pomiędzy warunkiem pobudzającym, a warunkiem relaksującym. Żaden z warunków eksperymentu nie miał wpływu na deklarowany poziom odczuwanego bólu. Kobiety istotnie dłużej znosiły działanie bodźca bólowego w warunku pobudzającym i relaksującym, oraz deklarowały istotnie niższe odczucie bólu w warunku pobudzającym. Wykryto również dodatnią korelację wyników uzyskanych w skali Siły Procesu Hamowania kwestionariusza PTS z czasem wytrzymywania bodźca bólowego we wszystkich trzech warunkach eksperymentu. Wyniki. Udowodniono, że występowanie dystrakcji ma wpływ na zwiększenie czasu znoszenia działania bodźca bólowego przez badanych, jednak nie stwierdzono różnic w skuteczności dystrakcji pomiędzy warunkiem pobudzającym, oraz relaksującym.
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