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The Beginning and Outline of the Dogma of the Trinity

100%

Huculak B. J.

Roczniki Teologiczne

2016

vol. 63

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna - English Version

149-177

The present article outlines the beginnings of the dogma of one God in three Persons. Albeit its germ was already present in Jesus' teaching, its growth happened in conditions that were sometimes adverse. This is also testified to by the fact that the very notion and word “Trinity” (Trinitas) – as one more precise and distinguished from “Triad” (Triás) that was a little older – appeared only at the end of the 2nd century. This development resulted from the Christians’ absolute necessity, for they had to find a plane, on which faith in Jesus Christ as God's Son is in accordance with the truth that there is one God. The early twilight, or even disappearance of the Jewish Christianity current that was more sensitive to confessing a strict – that is numerical, and not only qualitative – unity of God, was marked by an influence of Greek philosophy. Its popular form was Middle Platonism combined with Stoicism that was mainly characterized by the teaching about the Word (ho Lógos), that is a divine intermediate being between God and the world that, by the way, was supposed to be created by Him. Its way to the Biblical theology was cleared by an Alexandrian Jew whose name was Philo, a Jesus’s peer, and this way influenced the Christian thought as soon as the middle of the 2nd century thanks to Justin, and then – to Origen and the Cappadocian Fathers. Even today it is a feature of history of Eastern theology, where the verdict of the First Council of Nicaea is an exception; and the verdict is not without a connection with the thought of Tertullian who worked in the Latin Carthage at the turn of the II and III centuries.

Początek i zarys dogmatu o Trójcy

67%

Huculak B. J.

Roczniki Teologiczne

2016

vol. 63

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna

187-216

The present article outlines the beginnings of the dogma of one God in three Persons. Albeit its germ was already present in Jesus' teaching, its growth happened in conditions that were sometimes adverse. This is also testified to by the fact that the very notion and word “Trinity” (Trinitas) – as one more precise and distinguished from “Triad” (Triás) that was a little older – appeared only at the end of the 2nd century. This development resulted from the Christians' absolute necessity, for they had to find a plane, on which faith in Jesus Christ as God's Son is in accordance with the truth that there is one God. The early twilight, or even disappearance of the Jewish Christianity current that was more sensitive to confessing a strict – that is numerical, and not only qualitative – unity of God, was marked by an influence of Greek philosophy. Its popular form was Middle Platonism combined with Stoicism that was mainly characterized by the teaching about the Word (ho Lógos), that is a divine intermediate being between God and the world that, by the way, was supposed to be created by Him. Its way to the Biblical theology was cleared by an Alexandrian Jew whose name was Philo, a Jesus's peer, and this way influenced the Christian thought as soon as the middle of the 2nd century thanks to Justin, and then – to Origen and the Cappadocian Fathers. Even today it is a feature of history of Eastern theology, where the verdict of the First Council of Nicaea is an exception; and the verdict is not without a connection with the thought of Tertullian who worked in the Latin Carthage at the turn of the II and III centuries.

Niniejszy artykuł zarysowuje początki dogmatu o Bogu jednym w trzech Osobach. Choć jego zalążek był już obecny w nauczaniu Chrystusa, to jednak wzrost dokonywał się w warunkach czasem niekorzystnych. Ubocznie świadczy o tym również okoliczność, że samo pojęcie i słowo „Trójca” (Trinitas) – jako dokładniejsze i odróżnione od nieco starszego „Trójka” (Triás) – pojawiło się dopiero pod koniec II wieku. Ów rozwój wynikał z życiowej konieczności dla chrześcijan, gdyż oni musieli znaleźć płaszczyznę, na której wiara w Pana Jezusa jako Syna Bożego pozostaje w zgodności z prawdą, że jest jeden Bóg. Wczesny zmierzch, a nawet zanik nurtu judeochrześcijańskiego, bardziej wyczulonego na wyznawanie ścisłej – tj. liczbowej, a nie tylko jakościowej – jedności Boga, zaznaczył się wpływem filozofii greckiej. Potoczną jej postacią był średni platonizm zespolony ze stoicyzmem, czego wykładnikiem głównym była nauka o Słowie (ho Lógos), czyli boskim bycie pośrednim między Bogiem a światem, który zresztą za jego sprawą miał zostać stworzony. Drogę do teologii biblijnej utorował jej Żyd aleksandryjski imieniem Filon, rówieśnik Jezusa, a na myśl chrześcijańską wywarła ona wpływ już w połowie II wieku za sprawą Justyna, a później – Orygenesa i Ojców Kapadockich. Do dzisiaj jest ona cechą dziejów teologii wschodniej, gdzie wyjątek stanowi orzeczenie Soboru Nicejskiego I, które nie pozostaje bez związku z myślą Tertuliana, tworzącego w łacińskiej Kartaginie na przełomie II i III wieku.

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2 Roczniki Teologiczne

2 2016

2 Huculak B. J.

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The Beginning and Outline of the Dogma of the Trinity

Początek i zarys dogmatu o Trójcy