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EN
The paper describes the results of comparative research on the level of dogmatism in the utterance texts of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (N=130) and healthy individuals (N=130). The analysis was conducted with the use of the Suitbert Ertel Dogmatism Quotient. The results indicate significant differences between these two groups.
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Jsou apologie marxismu udržitelné?

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EN
This polemical reflection critically investigates the likewise polemical article by Ladislav Hohoš, published in the Filosofický časopis, No.5/2013: “Is social critique exclusively a question of neo-Marxism?”. This piece was itself responding to my polemical study “Social criticism as a problem of neo-Marxism” (Filosofický časopis, No.2/2013). I take Hohoš’s main objections against my polemic in turn, and I reply to them. To this end, I focus on Hohoš’ reproduction, and partial reinterpretation, of Marx’s ideological doctrine of historical materialism, on the basis of which he presents his standpoint. In my polemic I point to the overall unsustainability of his objections, demonstrating the unsustainability of the foundations of Marxist doctrine itself.
EN
The article presents the results of a study concerning a propensity for risky behaviour, conducted on regular soldiers of the Polish Army Land Forces. Its aim was to verify whether a level of dogmatism and selected psychosocial (socio-professional) conditions were related to a propensity for risky behaviour among the soldiers. The research partially confirmed the hypothesis of psychosocial determinants of a propensity for such behaviour. Young and shortserving soldiers appeared to be more inclined to undertake risky behaviour than older and long-serving ones. A tendency to avoid risky behaviour was displayed by soldiers from small towns (up to 20 000 inhabitants) as compared to groups of respondents from larger towns. The results of the research did not indicate a significant relationship between the propensity for risky behaviour and the level of dogmatism, education, personal corps, professional position.
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EN
This paper explores the usage of the concept of myth in Paul Feyerabend’s philosophy. First three parts of the paper are devoted to analysis of lectures in which Feyerabend, following Karl Popper, contrasts two philosophical attitudes: mythical dogmatism and criticism of pre-socratics. The next two parts cover Popper’s and Feyerabend’s anti-dogmatic remedies – criticism and humanism. It is shown that, although their critiques of the dogmatic form of life bear many similarities, they differ substantially on the axiological level. While Popper considers rational criticism to be the best way of opposing dangerous myths, Feyerabend uses critical rationalism as a tool that may serve this function but is not effective universally. The final part of the paper shows how Feyerabend’s usage of the concept of myth shifted in his late, more pluralistic and pragmatic works, where he regarded every human practice as a form of nature- and value-dependent myth.
EN
This paper addresses the little studied area of Slovak music and its influence from ‘above‘: the aesthetic theory (dogmatic aesthetics) created out of the political demands placed on art in the 1950s and 60s. In this relatively short ‘Socialist building‘ period, music as both an adornment of the regime and an ideological tool was promoted in accordance with Lenin’s reflection theory and Zhdanov’s normative aesthetics using rules, prohibitions and dogma. Fortunately, however, the mission to build and entrench socialism was never fulfilled.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the psychological roots of fundamentalism, which can be found in each type of the phenomenon, and also an attempt to show fundamentalism, as the configuration of certain personality traits. As the basis for such an interpretation of fundamentalism, serve the psychological approach, which relate to the personality, cognitive style, refer to the prejudices, as well as to the concept of authoritarian personality and its constitutive characteristics. Article raised the question of so–called “fundamentalist personality” on the basis of diversity of manifestations of this phenomenon and its correlation with the concepts of authoritarianism and dogmatism. Author also addresses psychological category of attitude, which is the starting point in the discussion of the phenomena, such as fundamentalism or nationalism. In the background of considerations is an attempt to organize knowledge on fundamentalism, taking into account the historical roots of the phenomenon, and also, as a complementary reflection, a legitimacy of identifying fundamentalism with terrorism.
EN
The article presents Kant’s and Husserl’s philosophy from the point of view of the skeptical method, understood as an attitude of suspending judgment. Both philosophers make a distinction between skepticism and the skeptical method: skepticism comes down to negative dogmatism, while the skeptical method is characterized as a part of the critical procedure because criticism consists in a suspension of judgments (epoché) which we formulate without previous research of their origins and limits. The aim of the article is to indicate analogy between Kant and Husserl with reference to the suspension of judgments. This analogy opens new interpretational possibilities of the phenomenological epoché from the critical perspective.
EN
Ontologies that privilege being over becoming fragment what is real by privileging completeness, finality, and stability over motion, change, flow, and flux. This, in turn, results in a conception of truth that tends toward dogmatism and absolutism. This essay sketches an alternative ontology rooted in the rheomodic character of all that is real. Such an ontology underwrites an alternative to the ego-centered form of reasoning. This essay compares and contrasts ego-centred reasoning and doing with a de-centred form of reasoning and doing. This alternative “de-centered” or rheomodic form of reasoning and doing allows us to retain the virtues and values of humanity, sociality, and universa-lity without reducing all questions of humanity, sociality, or universality to dogmatic discourses and thereby promises to be a better alternative to the quest for human rela-tions that promote equality, peace, and justice than the prevailing ego-centered reaso-ning and doing.
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Popperův flirt s dogmatismem

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EN
At various occasions Popper states that in order for a theory to show its strength “certain amount” of dogmatism must precede the critical testing phase. He even argues that dogmatism is a necessary precondition of criticism. Th ese are alarming statements, undermining Popper’s methodological imperative of falsifi - cation. Critical rationalism is based on a strict opposition to dogmatism for logical reasons (justifi cation is impossible), for evolutionary reasons (justifi cation blocks the growth of knowledge), and for ideological reasons (dogmatism encourages totalitarianism). Popper cannot provide any objective criterion defi ning the proper dosage of dogmatism and thus opens doors to its uncontrolled expansion. Criticism thus ceases to be the non-negotiable normative principle and the inviolable standard of rationality.
CS
Popper opakovaně tvrdí, že aby teorie mohla rozvinout svůj plný potenciál, musí kritické fázi testování předcházet krátká dogmatická fáze. Někdy zachází Popper ještě dál a uznává dokonce nezbytnost dogmatismu pro rozvinutí kritického myšlení. To jsou znepokojivá tvrzení, která podrývají Popperův metodologický princip falsifi kace. Kritický racionalismus je založen na nesmiřitelném postoji k dogmatismu z logických důvodů (justifi kace je logicky neplatná), z evolučních důvodů (dogmatismus nepřispívá k růstu vědění) i z ideologických důvodů (dogmatismus je typický pro totalitární režimy). Popper není schopen defi novat žádné objektivní měřítko, jak by se měl dogmatismus správně dávkovat, a tak otvírá prostor pro jeho nekontrolovatelné šíření. Kritičnost tak přestává být nekompromisním normativním principem a konstitutivním rysem racionality.
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Gilson on Dogmatism

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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 2
307-326
EN
The article aims at uncovering reasons why philosophy may become conducive to dogmatism which inevitably leads to the failure of philosophy. In the light of Gilson’s considerations contained in his The Unity of Philosophical Experience, the author concludes that philosophy is always exposed to the influence of dogmatism when it is done from a non-philosophical standpoint. For each time when the engagement in the philosophical enterprise is driven by non-philosophical needs, it is usually the case that the goal of philosophy is misconstrued as merely that of providing an instrumental ontology to non-philosophical areas of knowledge. To avoid such mistakes as logicism, theologism or psychologism, philosophy must recover its proper object that is the real world of persons and things, and its proper method that is metaphysics.
PL
Tezą tekstu jest, że życie i wychowanie w totalitarnym społeczeństwie (PRL) nie mogło pozostać bez wpływu na mentalność dużej przynamniej części społeczeństwa. Wielu autorów, zarówno socjologów jak językoznawców i psychologów podkreślało w swoich pracach ten aspekt rzeczywistości stawiając tezę, że funkcjonowanie w świecie wykreowanym przez totalitarny język determinuje i deformuje postrzeganie rzeczywistości i kategorii opisu świata społecznego.
EN
The thesis of the text is, that growing up and surviving in totalitarian society (People’s Republic of Poland - PRL) had a profound effect on the mentality of Poles. Many authors – sociologists, linguists, and psychologists alike – have noted that living in a world created by totalitarian language determines and deforms the perception of reality, along with the categories in which the social world is perceived and described. This is precisely what I will argue in this paper.
PL
Komuniści, którzy krytykowali politykę kierownictwa PZPR z pozycji pryncypialnych, w grudniu 1965 r. założyli nielegalną organizację pod nazwą Komunistyczna Partia Polski. Niekwestionowanym liderem tej grupy został Kazimierz Mijal, który w 1966 r. uciekł do Albanii i stamtąd nadzorował działalność KPP. Organizacja ta nielegalnie drukowała i kolportowała tysiące ulotek oraz broszur, w których potępiano „rewizjonistyczną” politykę Gomułki oraz Gierka, za wzór stawiając albańskie oraz chińskie rozwiązania doktrynalne. Infiltracja środowiska polskich maoistów przez aparat bezpieczeństwa PRL w latach siedemdziesiątych doprowadziła do marginalizacji tej struktury. Artykuł na podstawie dokumentów zgromadzonych m.in. w Archiwum IPN i Archiwum Akt Nowych przybliża kulisy powstania KKP, jej naj ważniejszych liderów, program polityczny i tajną współpracę z albańskimi dyplomatami, podsumowuje także działalność Kazimierza Mijala na tle rozdźwięku w obozie komunistycznym w latach sześćdziesiątych, wśród wielu przyczyn porażek polskich „maoistów” wskazuje na dogmatyczny program polityczny, który nie zyskał szerszej akceptacji w społeczeństwie.
EN
The communists who criticized the policy of the PUWP’s leadership from the principled positions in December 1965 established an illegal organisation called the Communist Party of Poland (CCP). The unquestionable leader of this group was Kazimierz Mijal who in 1966 fled to Albania and supervised the activity of the CPP from there. This organisation illegally printed and distributed thousands of leaflets and brochures in which the “revisionist” policies of Gomułka and Gierek were condemned, holding the Albanian and Chinese doctrinal solutions as a model. The infiltration of the Polish Maoist circles by the security apparatus of the PPR in the seventies led to the marginalisation of this structure. The article, based on documents collected, among others, in the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance and the Central Archives of Modern Records, presents the inside story of the founding of the CPP, its major leaders, political programme and secret cooperation with Albanian diplomats, and summarises the activity of Kazimierz Mijal in the background of the discord in the communist camp in the 60s, indicating among many reasons for the failures of Polish “Maoists” a dogmatic political programme which did not gained wider acceptance in society.
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Popper : dogmatyzm : dialektyka

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PL
W artykule udowadniam tezę, że Popper - mimo programowych haseł swego krytyczne­ go racjonalizmu - jest dogmatykiem, że ma np. dogmatyczno-negatywne podejście do dialekty- ki. Choć krytykuje dialektykę sam jest dialekty- kiem. Widać to w Popperowskiej filozofii ma­ tematyki. Również jego falsyfikacjonizm jest stanowiskiem dogmatycznym. Powołuję się przy tym na Feyerabenda, Kuhana i Lakatosa.
EN
In this article I justify the thesis that K. R.Popper - in spite of the policy statement of his critical rationalism - is a dogmatist, e.g. his approach to the dialectics is dogmatically negative. Although he criticises the dialectic, he is a dialectician himself. It is evident in his phi­ losophy of mathematics. His falsificationism is a dogmatic attitude, too. In the argumentation, I refer to Feyerabend, Kuhn, and Lakatos.
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