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Rydwan Triptolemosa

100%
EN
The story of Triptolemos is connected with the myth of Demeter. This goddess, in gratitude for the hospitality received from the parents of Triptolemos during the difficult quest for her missing daughter, Persephone, gave the young man an unusual chariot in order to help him reveal the mystery of agriculture to people and popularise this skill among them. That special moment was commemorated on vases produced in the red-figure technique in the fifth century BC and later artists repeatedly undertook this theme. However, an interesting difference in the way Triptolemos’s chariot is depicted appears on the subsequent art works. On ancient vases, Triptolemos is seated on a chariot with winged wheels, whereas two snakes are slithering beside. The following works of art depict a chariot dragged by winged dragons. The analysis of selected texts of ancient authors shows that the growing tendency to portray the chariot of Triptolemos with dragons is not justified by literary sources and is dictated by the imagination of the artist.
2
75%
EN
The Proto-Slavic term for ‘dragon, big winged snake’, *smokъ, cannot be explained on the basis of the native, purely Slavic vocabulary of Indo-European origin. It was suggested many years ago that the noun in question has been borrowed from a foreign source. The old hypothesis by Słuszkiewicz (1958: 211–214), according to which the Slavs borrowed it from a Germanic source (e.g. OE. snaca m. ‘snake’, E. snake ‘id.’, LG. Schnake m. ‘grass-snake’), specifi cally a Scandinavian one (see Nw. snåk m. ‘snake, viper’, Sw. snok, Dan. snog ‘id.’ < Gmc. *snēkaz m.), should be rejected for morphological and phonological reasons. The author suggests a new etymology, according to which PSl. *smokъ represents an Iranian borrowing (from Iran. *sušnaka- ‘dragon, winged snake’ via Sarmatian). The Indo-Iranian lexical data seem to confi rm this hypothesis, cf. Vedic (RV) śúṣṇa- m. ‘a serpentine demon slain by Indra’ (originally *ćúšna- ‘hisser’ in Indo- Iranian); Shughni sāɣ̌(d) f., Bajui sāw f., Roshani sāw f., Khufi sāw f., Bartangi sāwn f. ‘a big snake (in folklore), dragon’ < Iran. *sušnā- (Morgenstierne 1974: 72–73).
EN
The article entitled "Originality of satanology of Apocalypse on the background of biblical literature" is dedicated especially theological vision of Satan in the Apocalypse. Against the background of the New Testament figure of Satan in Revelation presents new content. So far satanology is expanded. Introduces new accents.
Konteksty Pedagogiczne
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2018
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vol. 2
|
issue 11
207-218
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie literackiej postaci smoka, od-nosząc się do Hobbita J.R.R. Tolkiena jako przykładu, przy wykorzystaniu per-spektywy pedagogicznej. Smok jako antagonista jest powracającym motywem literackim, zwłaszcza w literaturze fantastycznej, razem z bohaterem reprezentuje trudną i niejednoznaczną walkę dobra ze złem. Smok Smaug oraz stykające się z nim postacie, wraz z ich kodami moralnymi i motywacjami, są analizowa-ne w kontekście innych podobnych klasycznych dzieł literackich, np. Beowulf. Następnie autor przedstawia, jak dyskusja o postaci antagonisty w klasie, przy użyciu różnych metod kształtowania moralności, może korzystnie wpłynąć na rozwój kodeksu moralnego i inteligencji emocjonalnej dzieci.
EN
This article focuses on the dragon character in literature, taking Tol-kien’s Hobbit as an example while employing a pedagogical perspective. The dra-gon, as the antagonist, is a recurring motif in literary fiction, especially in fantasy, and together with the hero represents the struggle between good and evil. Smaug the dragon and other characters, as well as their moral codes and motivations, are analysed in the context of other similar classic literary works, e.g. Beowulf. The author then proceeds to present how discussing the antagonist character in class, and using various methods for forming morality, may benefit the development of children’s moral code and emotional intelligence.
Konteksty Pedagogiczne
|
2018
|
vol. 2
|
issue 11
207-218
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie literackiej postaci smoka, od-nosząc się do Hobbita J.R.R. Tolkiena jako przykładu, przy wykorzystaniu per-spektywy pedagogicznej. Smok jako antagonista jest powracającym motywem literackim, zwłaszcza w literaturze fantastycznej, razem z bohaterem reprezentuje trudną i niejednoznaczną walkę dobra ze złem. Smok Smaug oraz stykające się z nim postacie, wraz z ich kodami moralnymi i motywacjami, są analizowa-ne w kontekście innych podobnych klasycznych dzieł literackich, np. Beowulf. Następnie autor przedstawia, jak dyskusja o postaci antagonisty w klasie, przy użyciu różnych metod kształtowania moralności, może korzystnie wpłynąć na rozwój kodeksu moralnego i inteligencji emocjonalnej dzieci.
EN
This article focuses on the dragon character in literature, taking Tol-kien’s Hobbit as an example while employing a pedagogical perspective. The dra-gon, as the antagonist, is a recurring motif in literary fiction, especially in fantasy, and together with the hero represents the struggle between good and evil. Smaug the dragon and other characters, as well as their moral codes and motivations, are analysed in the context of other similar classic literary works, e.g. Beowulf. The author then proceeds to present how discussing the antagonist character in class, and using various methods for forming morality, may benefit the development of children’s moral code and emotional intelligence.
6
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Smok z Jerozolimy w Rzymie?

63%
Nurt SVD
|
2020
|
issue 1
204-216
PL
We wnętrzu rzymskiego łuku triumfalnego, wzniesionego dla upamiętnienia zwycięstwa cesarza Tytusa nad powstaniem żydowskim w Judei (70 rok n.e.), widnieje relief, przedstawiający elementy wyposażenia świątyni jerozolimskiej. Uwagę zwraca wielka świątynna menora. Jej podstawę pokrywają wizerunki zwierząt prawdziwych i fantastycznych: orły, lew morski, hippokamp, gryfy, smok. Obecność zwierząt prowokuje dyskusję na temat historyczności całego wyobrażenia. Mimo że żydowski ikonoklazm zakazuje przedstawień figuralnych, symbolika smoka jest w tradycji judaizmu znacząca. Autor szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy wizerunek świecznika na łuku Tytusa stanowi odwzorowanie autentycznego przedmiotu? W tym celu analizuje obecność smoków (i podobnych stworzeń) w tradycji żydowskiej, narracji biblijnej oraz tradycjach ludów zamieszkujących Fenicję i Mezopotamię.
EN
Inside the Roman triumphal arch, erected to commemorate the victory of Emperor Titus over the Jewish uprising in Judea (70 AD) there is a low relief depicting some pieces of the Jerusalem Temple equipment. The Great Temple Menorah draws particular attention. The menorah’s base is covered with images of animals, both real and fantastic: eagles, seahorse, griffin, dragon. The fact of animals presence induces a discussion whether the whole image is authentic or not. Although the Jewish iconoclasm prohibits figural representations, the symbolism of the dragon is significant in the tradition of Judaism. The author is trying to fin den answer for the question whether the image of the candlestick on the Arch of Titus is an authentic object. For this purpose he analyses the presence of dragons (as well as congenial creatures) in Jewish tradition, biblical narration and traditions of Phoenicia and Mesopotamia peoples.
EN
Construction works related to the implementation of the project of the modernisation and extension of archaeological reserves under the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica were conducted at Ostrów Lednicki in 2010. They produced a small bronze item – a fragment of a triangular-shaped horse bit cheekpiece. Its two long edges (lower and upper) are gently arched upwards, and the shorter one was broken off. The lower edge is roller-shaped and oval in cross section. The preserved end at the contact point of the upper and lower edges is thickened, bilaterally, laterally, and diagonally bevelled (resembling a stylised snakehead). The other one, a broken off end of the lower edge, is slightly bent upwards on the inside. Thisis probably the forepart of the second part, a mirror ‘reflection’ of the preserved plate, with relief. Visible on one of its surfaces is a fragment of the relief: part of the body, a wing, tail and paw of a sitting dragon or basilisk. It has a curled wing adhering to the side and a long snakelike tail with a three-part end. One of them is spirally rolled up under the back of the torso. The dimensions of the fragmentally preserved object are as follows: length 5.31 cm, width 2.47 cm, thickness 0.35 cm, thickness with relief 0.55 cm. The bits discovered at Ostrów Lednicki and in the waters of Lake Lednica (along the bridges and in their vicinity) belong mostly to the two-part type I forms according to A. Nadolski. The find from the suburbium is a fragment of the type II bit according to A. Nadolski. They are believed to date from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, but in most cases they are considered to date back to the eleventh-twelfth centuries. The specimen from Ostrów Lednicki has a plate, cast along with an extended straight side, with a relief showing the dragon or basilisk. The item provides no clue as to when exactly and how it was brought to Ostrów Lednicki. However, this is another, after the ending of a whip handle, high-class horse tack-related object of eastern origin discovered at the site.
EN
The most frequent representations of the victory achieved against the dragon as the personification of Satan, sinful lusts, temptations, or heresy in Christian art of the Latin world, shows the defeat of this creature (or its substitute) by means of a cross, sword or spear, however while rarely by means of by the gesture of calcatio, that is by trampling.In Catholic tradition Mother of God, Archangel Michael and Saint Margaret trample the dragon, and its substitute. This article only sketches the problem because its subject is very broad, but despite this modesty, it brings the truth about the victory possible only thanks to the power of God.
PL
Najczęściej występujące w sztuce chrześcijańskiej kręgu łacińskiego przedstawienia zwycięstwa odniesionego nad smokiem jako uosobieniem szatana, grzesznych żądz, pokus czy herezji ukazują pokonanie tego stwora (lub jego substytutu) za pomocą krzyża, miecza, włóczni, natomiast rzadziej – za pomocą gestu calcatio, czyli przez podeptanie.W tradycji katolickiej najczęściej depczą smoka i jego substytut, np. węża, Matka Boża, archanioł Michał i św. Małgorzata. Artykuł szkicuje tę problematykę, ponieważ jejprzedmiot jest bardzo obszerny, a przybliża prawdę o zwycięstwie możliwym do odniesienia tylko dzięki mocy Bożej.
JA
タカノ綾の芸術作品における龍とその他の動物」本論の目的は、日本のアーティストであるタカノ綾(1976年埼玉生まれ)の作品における、ある種の動物達と彼らの象徴的な役割を指摘することである。彼女の作品は、日本現代社会の中でも特にポップカルチャーに深く浸透している動物に対する姿勢を映し出していると解釈できる。そして彼女の芸術作品は、「カワイイ」少女的美学と同時にスーパーフラット・ムーブメントに合致する。タカノの絵画には、犬、魚、猫、そして兎など多くの可愛いペットのイメージが、女性のキャラクターと共に、日常的な活動や非日常的な瞬間の中に描かれる(Doggy Drive, 2005; The Buildings Shone, 2007; Crane Island, 2009)。彼女の絵画の中には、日本の古くから伝わる芸術に頻繁に見られる神話的な動物もまた現れる。鶴、虎、龍(Rising Dragon (Rainbow) with Lucky Omens, 2015)といった動物達はタカノによって、ペットと同様のスタイルで表現されているのである。
EN
The aim of this article is to indicate the kinds of animals and their symbolic function in the works of the Japanese artist Takano Aya (b. 1976, Saitama). Her works may be interpreted as illustrative of the current attitude towards animals prevailing in contemporary Japanese society, especially its part that is deeply permeated by local pop culture. After all, her art fits into the Superflat movement and the girly aesthetics of kawaii at the same time. Takano’s paintings are full of images of cute household pets: dogs, fish, cats and rabbits, which accompany the female characters in both everyday activities and extraordinary moments (Doggy Drive, 2005; Summoning Her Owls, She Looked Yonder. The Buildings Shone, 2007; Crane Island, 2009). In her paintings there are also mythological animals, which were so commonly represented in the ancient artwork of Japan. Takano depicts cranes, tigers and dragons (Rising Dragon (Rainbow) with Lucky Omens, 2015) in the same style as household pets.
11
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Apokaliptyczny Smok

51%
|
2019
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
49-61
EN
In the Book of Revelation there are many symbols with broad meaning. The dragon is one of them. He is also one of the forms taken by Satan. This being represents a plenitude of malevolent forces opposing humans and God. The number of the dragon’s heads as well as horns and diadems is not accidental. They have their hidden meaning, not only emphasizing the might and aggression of the monster. They find their hidden meaning in the Old Testament as well. Although attributes indicate enormous strength, but at the same time they show weakness and finiteness in the creature in reference to God. The author of the Book of Revelation presenting the image of the dragon is inspired by the character of Leviathan, biblical beasts and monsters from other religious circles. At the same time, he create his own image of a monster.
PL
W Apokalipsie pojawia się wiele symboli o szerokim znaczeniu. Do takich należy Smok. Taką postać może przybrać szatan. Ta istota reprezentuje mnogość wrogich sił, przeciwstawiających się ludziom i Bogu. Liczba głów Smoka, a także rogów i diademów nie jest przypadkowa. Mają swoje ukryte znaczenie, nie tylko podkreślające potęgę i agresję potwora. Znajdują swoje odniesienie w Starym Testamencie. Choć atrybutywskazują na ogromną siłę, to jednocześnie pokazują słabość i skończoność stworzenia względem Boga. Autor Apokalipsy w obrazie Smoka inspiruje się postacią Lewiatana, biblijnymi bestiami, a także potworami z innych kręgów religijnych. Tworzy przy tym własny obraz potwora.
EN
The 14th-century Gothic hall churches in Drawsko Pomorskie and Dobiegniew (the territory of the former Neumark, present-day West Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeships respectively) have side portals richly decorated with ceramic reliefs. In both cases they were probably made under the influence of the so-called Ascanian workshop, builders and sculptors of which erected many churches in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, including Chorin Abbey. Some of the sculptures from the northern portal in Drawsko Pomorskie are similar to decoration of the stalls in the Co-Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kołobrzeg.
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