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1

Spalona cerkiew z Hulcza i grupa cerkwi tomaszowsko-hrubieszowskich

100%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1974

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issue 1

38-44

EN

In the south-eastern part of vaivodship of Lublin, and, to be more accurate, within the areas of Tomaszów and Hrubieszów districts and partly in Zamość district may be encountered a group of timber-constructed Uniate orthodox churches characteristic of their specific architectural features which are greatly differing from those present in architecture of orthodox churches in the neighbouring areas. The most ancient sacred buildings of that group are dating from the mid-seventeenth century while those most recently built, from the years ending the nineteenth century. They all were erected as those clearly divided into three parts in their general plans, namely that of sanctuary, nave and a part designed for the feminine worshipers and, in addition, with a strong emphasis on the nave forming both in plan and in the outer shape of the whole building its clearly discernible central portion. The above Uniate orthodox churches are, furthermore, characteristic of considerable heights of their outer walls which the impression cannot be obscured even by a strong enough horizontal accent formed by the overhanging eaves running around the building. Due to the separate roofings applied in all the three main portions of the building and having the shape о-f three domes or a dome crowning the nave and two gable roofs covering the two remaining parts and also owing to the strictly observed rule that the nave should always dominate over the other two portions have been more still emphasised not only the central nucleus and the symmetry of the whole structure but, at the same time, through this perpendicular accentuation of its separate portions was considerably strengthened an impression of its height. Both magnitude, but at the same time a certain tallness of solids of these Uniate orthodox churches seem to be even more striking features in the triple-dome buildings. For special attention deserve the two different, with concern to height, ways that were usually applied for shaping 'of carcasses of these sacred buildings which are either differentiated, i.e. these of nave walls are higher and thus dominating over those of the other two portions (normally having the same heights), or are of the same height in all the three portions of the building and are ending with a common cornice. Buildings in their first version are mainly to be found in the area of Tomaszów district and the so designed objects exibit an unbroken traditional continuity in their forms dating from the mid-seventeenth century until the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Designs representing the second version are grouped in the area of Hrubieszów district and their preserved and well known examples are dating from the nineteenth century. The burnt-down (due to the faulty electrical installation) Uniate orhodox church at Hulcze (erected in 1869) constituted one of the outstanding examples of the „Hrubieszów versionb of that group. The until now gathered documentation allows to state that the territorial range of the timber-constructed Uniate orthodox churches belonging to Tomaszów-Hrubieszów group is covering the territory of the neighbouring deanships of the former Uniate diocese of Chełm and also that the local building tradition was continued throughout the period from the first half of the 17th century until the years ending the 19th century. This tradition must have been one strong enough if even after the abolition in (1875 by the tzarist authorities of the Uniate diocese and after introducing of the orthodox rite lit was able to prevent the penetration of foreign influences which the fact is apparently evidenced by orthodox churches erected after 1875 and planned for the Russian-type liturgy who, however, preserved their former character.

2

Z dziejów ochrony drewnianej architektury kościelnej w Polsce. (Karty z działalności TOnZP w latach 1907-1914)*

84%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1977

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issue 3-4

117-128

EN

The Society for Protection o f the Monuments of the Past was formed in Warsaw, June 28, 1906. At that time when Poland was partitioned — and, thus, deprived of her statehood and its bodies — the Society exercised not only a social function but also that of a national and formal conservation service. At the early stage of its activities the Society managed already to cover with the latter the whole o f the Russian sector o f partitioned Poland. The proceedings involved were oriented on protection and conservation of the monuments o f wooden sacral architecture and laic building as well. A telling illustration of that trend was the exhibition of the monuments o f Polish architecture, mainly the wooden one, organized in 1915. The author deals with four old wooden churches, whose documentation is to be found in the Society’s archives. In 1907 energetic steps were taken up by the Society in order to prevent demolition of the three-aisled basilica at Białynin, dating from 1521. Those endeavours were not, however, crowned with success and that has remained of that historical monuments is but a portal o f sacristy — a rare instance of architectonic wooden relief. The second wooden church — at Brzeźnica Stara, early 16th century, burnt during the hostilities in 1939 but is known to us due the photographs taken, and the descriptions and drawings made, by the members o f the Society in 1908. A similar documentation pertains to the non-extant church at Olbierzowice (1468). Now what owes its survival to the Society is the parish church at Zborówek (1459), the oldest of the dated wooden churches in Poland. It was the Society’s members that effectively opposed, in 1913, the project o f its demolition. The author states in conclusion that irrespective o f the failure of some of the preventive measures taken up by the Society, its activities in the sphere of surveying and documentation have resulted in collection of an extremely valuable material which has saved many a historical monument from sinking into oblivion.

3

Kościół ewangelicki z Bytomia-Bobrka. Wybrane problemy konserwatorskie w obiekcie o charakterze tymczasowym wykonanym z materiałów nietrwałych i nietypowych

84%

Wieczorek K.

Rocznik Muzeum "Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie"

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2017

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vol. 5

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issue 5

177-195

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane problemy konserwatorskie napotkane podczas przenoszenia i rekonstrukcji częściowo spalonego drewnianego kościoła ewangelicko-augsburskiego z Bytomia-Bobrka, o konstrukcji szkieletowej z elementami z drewna klejonego, wzniesionego w roku 1932. Prace konserwatorskie i budowlane przy posadowieniu kościoła na terenie Muzeum „Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie” trwały od listopada 2016 roku i zostały zakończone 13 września 2017 roku wraz z uroczystą rekonsekracją kościoła. Kościół z Bytomia-Bobrka należy do grupy obiektów drewnianych prefabrykowanych o charakterze tymczasowym, wznoszonych na obszarze Górnego Śląska w okresie międzywojennym XX wieku. Producentem kościoła była firma „Christoph und Unmack” AG Niesky (O.-L) . W czasie prac konserwatorskich pojawiła się konieczność rozwiązania szeregu problemów wynikających z: - nietypowej konstrukcji dźwigarów z drewna klejonego jako głównych elementów nośnych i stabilizujących obiekt; - użycia nietrwałych materiałów budowlanych w postaci zarówno niskiej jakości drewna, jak i materiałów izolacyjnych, pokryciowych, instalatorskich i dekoratorskich; - tymczasowego i z założenia taniego charakteru obiektu, co było powodem zastosowania w kościele z Bytomia-Bobrka maksymalnie uproszczonych, a więc najłatwiejszych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych i połączeń ciesielskich. Dodatkowymi utrudnieniami w czasie prac były: - wadliwie wykonana inwentaryzacja, demontaż i zabezpieczenie obiektu podczas translokacji i przechowywania materiału rozbiórkowego; - brak jednoznacznych wymagań prawnych co do zakresu ochrony przeciwpożarowej obiektów drewnianych i znajomości właściwości zalecanych preparatów konserwujących i ochronnych; - konieczność dostosowania obiektu do nowych funkcji zgodnie ze współczesnymi wymaganiami Ustawy z dnia 7 lipca 1994 roku – Prawo budowlane; - aktualna opinia miejscowej społeczności na temat wartości oryginalnego wystroju kościoła pochodzącego z okresu, kiedy jego użytkownikiem była w większości społeczność ewangelicka narodowości niemieckiej.

EN

The article presents selected preservation problems encountered during the relocation and reconstruction of the partly burnt wooden Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession from the Bobrek District of Bytom erected in 1932 in a light-frame construction with elements of glued wood. Restoration and construction works concerning the church’s foundation in the Museum “Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park in Chorzów” lasted from November 2016 to September 13, 2017, and were completed with the solemn reconsecration of the church. The church from the Bobrek District of Bytom belongs to a group of prefabricated wooden objects of temporary character erected in the area of Upper Silesia in the interwar period of the 20th century. The church was manufactured by the “Christoph Und Unmack” AG Niesky (O.L.) company. During the restoration works it was necessary to solve a number of problems resulting from: - untypical construction of the girders and main supporting and stabilizing elements which were made of glued wood; - use of non-durable building materials in the form of low quality wood, as well as insulating, covering, installation and decorating materials; - temporary and cheap character of the object, which was the reason for erecting the church from the Bobrek District of Bytom with the use of the most simplified and thus the easiest structural solutions and joinery. Additional obstacles encountered during the works included: - inventory mismanagement, dismantling and security of the object during translocation and storage of the dismantled material; - the lack of the clear legal requirements concerning the scope of fire protection of wooden objects and the knowledge of the properties of recommended preservative and protective agents; - the need to adapt the facility to new functions in accordance with the modern requirements of the Building Law Act of July 7, 1994; - the current opinion of the local community on the value of the original church decor originating from the period when the church was mainly used by the evangelical community of German nationality.

4

Problemy drewnianej architektury sakralnej na Lubelszczyźnie z okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

84%

Błotnicka - Mazur E.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 4: Historia Sztuki

111-129

EN

Wooden architecture has been a typical element of the Polish landscape for a few centuries. A special role is played by churches that at present are slowly disappearing from the architectural landscape. Ones that were built in the period between the two World Wars are a separate group. After the end of World War I and after Poland regained independence the problem appeared with choosing a proper architectural form for new churches. The structure, planning arrangements, and spatial solutions that were used, combined with the investors’ preferences, decided that traditional architectural forms dominated; they referred to the “familiar” current and historical styles. A search for “familiarity” understood as referring to the patterns from the past, ranged from the Zakopane Style architecture that was popular at the end of the 19th century, to the type of church characteristic of the Polish highlands, with a dominating spire over the façade. A review of the forms of the wooden churches built before the Second World War in the Lublin region allows stating that they are typical against the background of wooden sacred architecture of the whole country. In the Lublin region about forty wooden churches were built; and nearly half of them do not exist at the moment, or they ceased to perform their original function. The most interesting ones include the projects carried out by professional architects, bound up with the state administration. Bohdan Kelles-Krauze was the author of three wooden churches in the region: in Leszkowice, Kłodnica Dolna and Olbiecin. Tadeusz Witkowski designed the church for the Dziesiąta Quarter in Lublin, transferred to Pilaszkowice in the 1980s. An interesting project of a church in Biała Ordynacka with picturesque “sobotas” and a characteristic roof in the Zakopane Style by Franciszek Kopkowicz finally was not carried out. A serious problem is posed by the slow “dying” of wooden churches built in the interwar period that are relatively new monuments of the past. Often they are too small for their parishes and they cannot win a competition with more impressive, new brick or concrete structures. Even if they are entered in the list of vintage buildings, it does not always protect them efficiently.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

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1 Roczniki Humanistyczne

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1 1977

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2 Brykowski R.

1 Błotnicka - Mazur E.

1 Wieczorek K.

Spalona cerkiew z Hulcza i grupa cerkwi tomaszowsko-hrubieszowskich

Z dziejów ochrony drewnianej architektury kościelnej w Polsce. (Karty z działalności TOnZP w latach 1907-1914)*

Kościół ewangelicki z Bytomia-Bobrka. Wybrane problemy konserwatorskie w obiekcie o charakterze tymczasowym wykonanym z materiałów nietrwałych i nietypowych

Problemy drewnianej architektury sakralnej na Lubelszczyźnie z okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego