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Krew i kurzawa w greckiej historiografii klasycznej albo o zmarginalizowanych elementach Homerowego opisu pola bitwy

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Kostuch L.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2021
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issue 23
9-31
EN
Contemporary historians believe that Greek historiography emerging on the eve of the classical period adopted numerous elements from the Homeric description of battle scenery. The aim of this paper is to analyze the earliest historical works while looking for the blood and dust, the two greatly important attributes of the Homeric world of warfare. However, it turns out that blood and dust, so intimately associated with the portrayal of the physical site of battle in Homer, did not become a per- manent element in the historical accounts of military clashes in Greek historiography, even though it was an inevitable component of the military experience of historians and their readers.
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Respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace among dental laboratory technicians

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Stoeva I.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 2
105-111
EN
Background: As dental technicians are exposed to a variety of airborne chemicals that can act as irritants and sensitizers, and may give rise to work-related respiratory symptoms, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace and associated risk factors in dental laboratory technicians. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 539 dental technicians in the Plovdiv region using a self-report questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to investigate the relationship between sex, work experience, daily exposure to chemicals from the dental environment, and a history of atopic disorder with work-related respiratory symptoms. Results: A total of 539 dental technicians completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of self-reported work-related respiratory symptoms was 26.2%. Based on logistic regression, the most significant factors associated with work-related respiratory symptoms were daily exposure of >8 h (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.96–17.34) and the lack of a ventilation system (OR = 4.26, 95% CI: 2.39–7.58). Dental technicians with work experience of <5 years more often reported work-related respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14–3.44) compared to those with long-term exposure of >20 years. A personal history of asthma (OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.39–10.07), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29–3.41) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.23–4.38) was also associated with work-related respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that work-related respiratory symptoms are frequent among dental technicians and occur early in their career. A more comprehensive study should be conducted throughout the country in order to estimate the prevalence, and to establish effective programs and techniques of preventing work-related respiratory symptoms in dental technicians. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):105–11
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Microbiological characterization of stable resuspended dust

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Kováts N., Horváth E., Jancsek-Turóczi B., Hoffer A., Gelencsér A., Urbán P., Kiss Í. E., Bihari Z., Fekete C.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 29
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issue 3
375-380
EN
Objectives Air quality in the stables is characterized by elevated level of dust and aeroallergens which are supposed to directly cause or exacerbate several respiratory disorders. The most often recognized problem is recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), previously known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is some indication that aeroallergens (among them endotoxins) may also cause inflammation in human airways and may exceed safe levels in stables. Monitoring studies have covered mainly the determination of the concentration of respirable particles and of culturable fungi and their toxins. However, these particles do not only directly affect the respiratory system, but might act as a carrier conveying toxic contaminants and biological agents such as bacteria. In a typical, 20-horse Hungarian stable, microbial community of respirable fraction of resuspended dust has been characterized to reveal if these particles convey hazardous pathogenic bacteria, posing risk to either horses or staff. Material and Methods Resuspended dust was sampled using a mobile instrument. The instrument contains a PARTISOL-FRM model 2000 sampler that was operated at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min and a cyclone separator which collected the particulate matter with an aerodynamic size between 1 μm and 10 μm (PM 1–10) fraction. Microbial taxa were identified by culture-independent next generation sequencing (NGS) of variable 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene regions. Results In total, 1491 different taxa were identified, of them 384 were identified to species level, 961 to genus level. The sample was dominated by common ubiquitous soil and organic material-dwelling taxa. Conclusions Pathogens occurred at low abundance, and were represented by mostly facultative human pathogens, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus species.
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The health impact of Saharan dust exposure

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Kotsyfakis M., Zarogiannis S. G., Patelarou E.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2019
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vol. 32
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issue 6
749-760
EN
Air pollution is a high priority global health concern. The health damaging effects of ambient particulate matter (PM), a component of air pollution, are extensively documented, with 1.4% of deaths worldwide resulting from exposure to PM. A growing body of evidence suggests that mineral dust, found in PM, may contribute to some of these deleterious health impacts. Approximately half of atmospheric mineral dust originates from the Sahara Desert. This systematic but concise review summarizes the findings from recent literature exploring the adverse health effects of Saharan dust particles worldwide. The authors have shown that 1) PM contributes to all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity; 2) the PM arising from Saharan dust contributes to excess all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity; and 3) larger particle sizes may be more harmful than smaller particle sizes. However, there remain many questions regarding their effects on vulnerable patient populations, underlying mechanisms of action, and regional variations in both environmental and health effects. This review highlights the urgent need for continued and deeper analyses of this emerging public health issue. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(6):749–60
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Occupational exposure to fungi and particles in animal feed industry

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Viegas C., Faria T., Carolino E., Sabino R., Gomes A. Q., Viegas S.
Medycyna Pracy
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2016
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vol. 67
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issue 2
143-154
PL
Wstęp Dotychczas opublikowano bardzo mało wyników badań dotyczących narażenia na grzyby i cząstki stałe (particulate matter – PM) w przemyśle paszowym, mimo że te zanieczyszczenia mogą być istotną przyczyną zaburzeń zdrowia u pracowników. Celem badania było określenie narażenia na grzyby i pył w jednym z portugalskich zakładów produkujących paszę dla zwierząt hodowlanych. Materiał i metody Próbki pobrane z powietrza i powierzchni w pomieszczeniach zakładu poddano obserwacji makro- i mikroskopowej. Z powietrza pobrano również dodatkowe próbki w celu amplifikacji genów kompleksów Aspergillus fumigatus i Aspergillus flavus, a także Stachybotrys chartarum, z zastosowaniem ilościowej reakcji łańcuchowej polimerazy (polymerase chain reaction – PCR) w czasie rzeczywistym. Określono też stężenie masowe cząstek (particle mass concentration – PMC) w 5 rozmiarach (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10) i stężenie liczbowe cząstek (particle number concentration – PNC) w 6 średnicach (0,3 μm, 0,5 μm, 1 μm, 2,5 μm, 5 μm i 10 μm). Wyniki W powietrzu zakładu najczęściej występowały gatunki z kompleksu Aspergillus fumigatus (46,6%), a na powierzchniach w zakładzie – grzyby z rodzaju Penicillium (32%). Spośród 3 wybranych do PCR gatunków grzybów w próbkach wykryto jedynie DNA z kompleksu A. fumigatus. W próbkach pyłu najliczniejsze były cząstki o mniejszych rozmiarach, które mogą docierać do głębokich rejonów układu oddechowego i wywoływać nie tylko objawy miejscowe, ale również ogólnoustrojowe. Wnioski Konieczne są kolejne badania w celu oceny rzeczywistych skutków zdrowotnych łącznego narażenia na grzyby i pył. Med. Pr. 2016;67(2):143–154
EN
Background Very few studies regarding fungal and particulate matter (PM) exposure in feed industry have been reported, although such contaminants are likely to be a significant contributing factor to several symptoms reported among workers. The purpose of this study has been to characterize fungal and dust exposure in one Portuguese feed industry. Material and Methods Air and surface samples were collected and subject to further macro- and microscopic observations. In addition we collected other air samples in order to perform real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genes from Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus complexes as well as Stachybotrys chartarum. Additionally, two exposure metrics were considered – particle mass concentration (PMC), measured in 5 different sizes (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10), and particle number concentration (PNC) based on results given in 6 different sizes in terms of diameter (0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2.5 μm, 5 μm and 10 μm). Results Species from the Aspergillus fumigatus complex were the most abundant in air (46.6%) and in surfaces, Penicillium genus was the most frequently found (32%). The only DNA was detected from A. fumigatus complex. The most prevalent in dust samples were smaller particles which may reach deep into the respiratory system and trigger not only local effects but also the systemic ones. Conclusions Future research work must be developed aiming at assessing the real health effects of these co-exposures. Med Pr 2016;67(2):143–154
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