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EN
The “post-cold war” world challenges the big issue of new threats to the international security system. Most of them are in connection to the phenomenon of fragile, disintegrated states (known as “failed states”), in which government does not control the state’s territory and deliver political goods to its inhabitants. This situation, when state loses its exclusive right to enforce law on its territory leads to the ongoing internal conflicts generally based on ethnic or religious tensions and threatens the local, regional and, possibly, global security. The paper looks at the matter of preventive diplomacy as one of the most successful tools in preventing the violent conflicts and mass atrocities. Author emphasises the need of the use of the mechanisms of preventive diplomacy not only enshrined in the Charter of The United Nations (mainly in Chapters VI and VIII of the Charter), but also those that can be described as a “measures to build confidence” among members of international community. The paper also examines the existence of the new concept of “The Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) within the tools and mechanisms of prevention. R2P is a holistic concept, which includes responsibility to prevent, react and rebuild, what is more, pointing out the primary responsibility of the state to protect its population and stressing that only if state is unwilling or unable to comply with its obligations of protection, the international community shall act in its place. To conclude, R2P, seen as a historical, new approach of international law, based on the principle that state sovereignty implies responsibility, can become an efficient response to the issue of deadly internal conflicts, especially on the level of prevention.
PL
Cel artykułu stanowi przybliżenie koncepcji dyplomacji prewencyjnej Narodów Zjednoczonych, przedstawianie działań mających zapobiec agresji w 1990, a także przedstawienie wpływu konfl iktu na system sankcji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Istotą artykułu jest zobrazowanie dyplomacji, jako potencjalnego mechanizmu umożlwiającego realizację zadań i celów ONZ. Odpowiednie wykorzystanie presji, nacisków i sankcji może wzmocnić mechanizm bezpieczeństwa zbiorowego. W przeciwieństwie do operacji wymuszania pokoju, koncepcja może pochłonąć znacznie mniejsze nakłady. Zwrócono uwagę nie tylko na niewystarczalność dotychczasowego systemu zapobiegania, w świetle konfliktu iracko-kuwejckiego, ale także w okresie poprzedzającym oraz pokonfliktowym. W ostatniej części pracy wyszczególniono implikacje niewłaściwego wykorzystania sankcji oraz przedstawiono sukcesora polityki zapobiegania stosowanej w latach dziewięćdziesiątych – koncepcję sankcji selektywnych.
EN
The Purpose of this article is to present the concept of preventive diplomacy of the United Nations, measures to prevent aggression in 1990 and the presentation of the impact of conflict on the United Nations. The essence of this article is to present diplomacy as a mechanism to support the implementation of the purposes and principles of the United Nations. The use of pressures and sanctions will strengthen the collective security. In contrast to the operations of peace enforcement, preventive diplomacy absorbs less cost. Paying careful attention to the inadequacy of current prevention systems, especially in the light of the Iraq-Kuwait War as well as before and post-conflict period. The last part of this paper details implications of improper use of sanctions and presents the successor prevention policies applied in the nineties - the concept of selective sanctions.
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